Physiologic Adaptation by Means of Antagonistic Dynamics

2011 ◽  
pp. 3086-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Perl
Keyword(s):  
Response Model ◽  
Input Stimulus ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Biochemical Adaptation ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Gathering Data

In particular in technical contexts, information systems and analysing techniques help a lot for gathering data and making information available. Regarding dynamic behavioral systems like athletes or teams in sports, however, the situation is difficult: data from training and competition do not give much information about current and future performance without an appropriate model of interaction and adaptation. Physiologic adaptation is one major aspect of targetoriented behavior, in physical training as well as in mental learning. In a simplified way it can be described by a stimulus- response-model, where external stimuli change situation or status of an organism and so cause activities in order to adapt. This aspect can appear in quite different dimensions like individual biochemical adaptation that needs only milliseconds up to selection of the fittest of a species, which can last millions of years. Well-known examples can be taken from learning processes or other mental work as well as from sport and exercising. Most of those examples are characterized by a phenomenon that we call antagonism: The input stimulus causes two contradicting responses, which control each other and – by balancing out – finally enable to reach a given target. For example, the move of a limb is controlled by antagonistic groups of muscles, and the result of a game is controlled by the efforts of competing teams. In order to understand and eventually improve such adaptation, models are necessary that make the processes transparent and help for simulating dynamics like for example, the increase of heart rate as an reaction of speeding up in jogging. With such models it becomes possible not only to analyze past processes but also to predict and schedule indented future ones. In the Background section, main aspects of modeling antagonistic adaptation systems are briefly discussed, which is followed by a more detailed description of the developed PerPot-model and a number of examples of application in the Main Focus section.

scholarly journals Somatosensory perception–action binding in Tourette syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Friedrich ◽  
Henriette Spaleck ◽  
Ronja Schappert ◽  
Maximilian Kleimaker ◽  
Julius Verrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Stimulus Saliency ◽  
Somatosensory Stimulus ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Perception Action

AbstractIt is a common phenomenon that somatosensory sensations can trigger actions to alleviate experienced tension. Such “urges” are particularly relevant in patients with Gilles de la Tourette (GTS) syndrome since they often precede tics, the cardinal feature of this common neurodevelopmental disorder. Altered sensorimotor integration processes in GTS as well as evidence for increased binding of stimulus- and response-related features (“hyper-binding”) in the visual domain suggest enhanced perception–action binding also in the somatosensory modality. In the current study, the Theory of Event Coding (TEC) was used as an overarching cognitive framework to examine somatosensory-motor binding. For this purpose, a somatosensory-motor version of a task measuring stimulus–response binding (S-R task) was tested using electro-tactile stimuli. Contrary to the main hypothesis, there were no group differences in binding effects between GTS patients and healthy controls in the somatosensory-motor paradigm. Behavioral data did not indicate differences in binding between examined groups. These data can be interpreted such that a compensatory “downregulation” of increased somatosensory stimulus saliency, e.g., due to the occurrence of somatosensory urges and hypersensitivity to external stimuli, results in reduced binding with associated motor output, which brings binding to a “normal” level. Therefore, “hyper-binding” in GTS seems to be modality-specific.

scholarly journals An Extended Model of Behavioural Process in Consumer Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagasimha Balakrishna Kanagal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Consumer Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Decision ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

<p>The stimulus response model of consumer behaviour is useful to understand the buying behaviour of individual consumers in the context of individuals buying consumer products. An extended stimulus-response model of behavioural processes in consumer decision making is proposed that serves to integrate the influences and interlinkages of buyer psychology, various buyer characteristics, and the impact of the buyer decision process on consumer decision making. The model proposes that the behavioural process of consumer decision making be as a result of the interaction of three aspects of individual buyer behaviour: communication sensitivity; enculturated individuality; and rational / economic decision making. The paper addresses the flip side of the consumer decision making process in terms of the five stages of decision making from need recognition to post-purchase satisfaction. An aggregate level framework of behavioural process in consumer decision making has been provided, that could lead to a richer analysis of micro level factors and relationships influencing consumer decision behaviour.</p>

The induction of metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae: stimulus and response

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae ◽  
Induction Of Metamorphosis

The induction of metamorphosis by environmentally derived cues is reviewed in barnacles, molluscs, hydroids, echinoids, and ascidians in the context of the neurological and behavioral model of stimulus and response. The model proposes that cues associated with preferred juvenile or adult habitats are the stimuli. Stimuli are received by receptors that communicate with the effectors of metamorphosis, larval and adult tissues. The response is a combination of morphogenetic, histolytic, and histogenic processes. Receptors in all five taxa are assumed to be superficial sensory receptors, though there is no direct evidence for their involvement in the perception of cues. Although the induction of metamorphosis by environmental cues in all five taxa fits well within a stimulus–response model, there is currently only circumstantial evidence for neural or endocrine control of metamorphosis.

Cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels constructed via a self-sorting strategy and their multiple stimulus-response behaviors

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (94) ◽  
pp. 16813-16816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Qing Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Guang-Qiang Yin ◽  
Yu-Xuan Wang ◽  
Chang-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Polymer ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Multiple Stimulus ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Response Behaviors

Novel cross-linked supramolecular polymer metallogels were successfully constructed from four components via a self-sorting strategy, and feature interesting multiple stimulus-response behaviors under various external stimuli, including halide, base, and competitive guests.

Modeling and Simulation of CAS for Safety of Agricultural Products under Government Regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1680-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lan Liu ◽  
Wu Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
System Model ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Adaptive Agents ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Production Strategy

The safety of agricultural products is a hot issue concerned by the whole society. Safety system of agricultural products is regarded as complex adaptive system in this paper and after analyzing the attributes and behaviors of Government Agent and Farmer Agent, these Agents are all seemed as adaptive agents and their behaviors follow the stimulus--response model. Besides, rule of obtaining profit, rule of changing production strategy, rule of changing honesty and rule of farmer moving are also established. Then based on these rules, a computer program for the system model has been done by Java on Swarm. And through changing the relevant parameters and variables in the model, the measures to improve the safety situation of agricultural products in China are obtained.

scholarly journals Developing Programmed Learning Material for Teaching Science of CBSE Class IX

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Tripathi ◽  
Dr. JE Merlin Sasikala
Keyword(s):  
Learning Task ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Programmed Learning ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Original Stimulus ◽  
Programmed Learning Material ◽  
History Of

We will begin by discussing the early history of programmed learning and showing how the interpretation of the term has evolved over the years. The origin of programmed learning had its roots in behavioural psychology- the new ‘scientific’ school of psychology that was pioneered by the American psychologist B F Skinner during the 1950’s. Behavioural psychology was based on what is generally referred to as the stimulus response (S-R) model of behaviour. One important feature of the original stimulus-response model of learning was the concept of successive reinforcement. Another feature is that a desired S-R bond would be firmly established if the learner was supplied with immediate feedback in the form of the correct answer immediately after attempting a particular learning task such as answering a question. Another feature of Skinner’s original theory was that each successive stimulus-response step should be small enough to ensure that the learner was nearly always correct in his or her response.

scholarly journals Energy and Personality: A Bridge between Physics and Psychology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Caselles ◽  
Joan C. Micó ◽  
Salvador Amigó
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Hamiltonian Function ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Dynamical Response ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Newtonian Equation ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Hamiltonian Functions

The objective of this paper is to present a mathematical formalism that states a bridge between Physics and Psychology, concretely between analytical dynamics and personality theory in order to open new insights in this theory. In this formalism energy plays a central role. First, the short-term personality dynamics can be measured by the General Factor of Personality (GFP) response to an arbitrary stimulus. This GFP dynamical response is modelled by a stimulus-response model: an integro-differential equation. The bridge between Physics and Psychology is provided when the stimulus-response model can be formulated as a linear second order differential equation and, subsequently, reformulated as a Newtonian equation. This bridge is strengthened when the Newtonian equation is derived from a minimum action principle, obtaining the current Lagrangian and Hamiltonian functions. However, the Hamiltonian is a non-conserved energy. Then, some changes provide a conserved Hamiltonian function: the Ermakov-Lewis energy. This energy is presented, as well as the GFP dynamical response that can be derived from it. An application case is presented: an experimental design in which 28 individuals consumed 26.51 g of alcohol. This experiment provides an ordinal scale for the Ermakov-Lewis energies that predicts the effect of a single dose of alcohol.

scholarly journals How to Achieve Sustainable Development of Mobile Payment through Customer Satisfaction—The SOR Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Chang Chen ◽  
Kuo Cheng Chung ◽  
Ming Yueh Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Mobile Payment ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Utilitarian Value

In recent years, due to smartphones being more popular and the wireless network infrastructure improving, individuals are no longer constrained by the workflow on personal computers. Therefore, business operators are constantly launching new mobile application services for everyday life. This study mainly explores how mobile payment adopts the determinants, and adds utilitarian value, hedonic value and salesperson performance as antecedences to understand whether utilitarian value, hedonic value and salesperson behavior can affect satisfaction through determinants, as well as to understand consumers’ mobile payment usage intention through the stimulus-response model. The research objectives of this study are mainly mobile payment users in Taiwan. 425 valid questionnaires were received. This study uses a structural equation model to analyze the data. This study’s results indicate that utilitarian value, hedonic value and salesperson selling behaviors positively affects customers’ satisfaction, which customers’ satisfaction positively affects mobile payment usage intention. The research results could provide mobile payment operators with references in the design and implementation of the mobile payment and application process, thereby accelerating the popularization of mobile payment.

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