Vehicular Communications Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Jerbi ◽  
Sidi-Mohammed Senouci ◽  
Yacine Ghamri-Doudane ◽  
Mohamed Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Vehicular Communications ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicle Infrastructure Integration

Vehicular communications networks (VCNs) are created by vehicles equipped with short and medium range wireless communication technology. They include vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. VCNs enable a plethora of important applications and services, ranging from active safety or safety of life applications to traffic information, music/maps download and multi-hop internet connection. Recently, the promises of wireless communications to support vehicular safety applications have led to several national/international projects around the world. These include the consortia like Vehicle Safety Consortium (US), Car-2-Car Communication Consortium (Europe) and Advanced Safety Vehicle Program (Japan), standardization efforts like IEEE 802.11p (WAVE), and field trials like the large-scale Vehicle Infrastructure Integration Program (VII) in the US. All these efforts have as a main goal to improve safety in vehicular environments by the use of wireless communications, but also consider transport efficiency, comfort and environment. In comparison to other communication networks, VCNs come with unique attractive features: unlimited transmission power, predictable mobility and plethora of potential applications. However, to bring its potency to fruition, VCNs have to cope with formidable challenges that include: rapidly changing topology subject to frequent fragmentations and congestions, lack of connectivity redundancy, and the stringent application requirement on real-time and robust message delivery. In this chapter, we present a detailed description of the state of the art of this fast-moving research area pointing to research, projects and standardization efforts that have been done. We explore the unique features and challenges that characterise these highly dynamic networks as well as their requirements with respect to applications, types of communication, self-organization and security. We discuss various forwarding and routing strategies focussing on position-based techniques including ‘anchor-based routing‘. We survey various ‘intelligent flooding’ and information dissemination approaches. Scenarios for highways and cities are taken as example. We conclude by exploring future research directions in this field.

Security and Connectivity Analysis in Vehicular Communication Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-107
Author(s):  
Hamada Alshaer ◽  
Sami Muhaidat ◽  
Raed Shubair ◽  
Moein Shayegannia
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Transmission Range ◽  
Vehicular Communications ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Vehicular Communication Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks

Reliable Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) require secured uninterrupted uplink and downlink connectivity to guarantee secure ubiquitous vehicular communications. VANET mobility, multi-fading wireless, and radio channels could result in unsecured and disrupted vehicular communications, isolating some vehicle nodes and making them vulnerable to security attacks. A VANET is considered to be connected and secured if there is a secured path connecting any pair of Communication-Enabled Vehicles (CEVs) in this network. Among many parameters, VANET connectivity depends on two main elements: communication transmission range and statistical distribution characterizing inter-vehicle spacing. To guarantee persistent VANET connectivity, a vehicle transmission radio range must be set properly based on the characteristic of the statistical distribution modeling the inter-vehicle spacing. This chapter analyzes three inter-vehicle spacing models based on exponential, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), and Exponential with Robustness Factor (EwRF) statistical distributions. Based on vehicle nodes spatial density on a road segment, each vehicle node can adjust its transmission range to increase network connectivity and guarantee ubiquitous vehicular communications. Communications among vehicle nodes are secured through trusted Road-Side Units (RSUs) which distribute efficiently secret keys to vehicle nodes under their coverage to establish secure communication sessions.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2014 ◽  
pp. 262-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles’ high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Medium Access Protocols for Cooperative Collision Avoidance in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2013 ◽  
pp. 354-375
Author(s):  
Md. Imrul Hassan ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Taka Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

It is envisaged that supporting vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) can improve road safety and increase transportation efficiency. Among the candidate applications of VANETs, cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) has attracted considerable interest as it can significantly improve road safety. Due to the ad hoc nature of these highly dynamic networks, no central coordination or handshaking protocol can be assumed and safety applications must broadcast information of interest to many surrounding cars by sharing a single channel in a distributed manner. This gives rise to one of the key challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems, namely, the development of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol for CCA. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proposed MAC protocols for VANETs and describe current standardization activities. We then focus on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol that is being standardized by the IEEE standards body for VANET applications. In particular, we review prominent existing analytical models and study their advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for performance evaluation of the MAC protocol for VANETs. After a discussion of the shortcomings of these models, we develop a new analytical model in the second half of the chapter. Explicit expressions are derived for the mean and standard deviation of the packet delay, as well as for the packet delivery ratio (PDR) at the MAC layer in an unsaturated network formed by moving vehicles on a highway. We validate the analytical results using extensive simulations and show that good accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model for a range of topologies and traffic load conditions. More importantly, using the model, we show that hidden terminals can have a severe, detrimental impact on the PDR, which may compromise the reliability required for safety applications.

Vehicular Cloud Computing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1049-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Zrar Ghafoor ◽  
Marwan Aziz Mohammed ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Abu Bakar ◽  
Ali Safa Sadiq ◽  
Jaime Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Vehicular Cloud Computing ◽  
Vehicular Cloud ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Hoc Networks

Recently, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) have attracted the attention of research communities, leading car manufacturers, and governments due to their potential applications and specific characteristics. Their research outcome was started with awareness between vehicles for collision avoidance and Internet access and then expanded to vehicular multimedia communications. Moreover, vehicles' high computation, communication, and storage resources set a ground for vehicular networks to deploy these applications in the near future. Nevertheless, on-board resources in vehicles are mostly underutilized. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) is developed to utilize the VANET resources efficiently and provide subscribers safe infotainment services. In this chapter, the authors perform a survey of state-of-the-art vehicular cloud computing as well as the existing techniques that utilize cloud computing for performance improvements in VANET. The authors then classify the VCC based on the applications, service types, and vehicular cloud organization. They present the detail for each VCC application and formation. Lastly, the authors discuss the open issues and research directions related to VANET cloud computing.

Analyzing the Trade-Offs Between Security and Performance in VANETs

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-244
Author(s):  
Jetzabel Serna ◽  
Jesus Luna ◽  
Roberto Morales ◽  
Manel Medina
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) currently provide a prominent field of research, which aims at improving everyday road safety and comfort. To achieve this, the deployment of several potential applications is envisioned, promising to provide extraordinary benefits, but will also represent important security challenges due to the unique characteristics of VANETs. In this chapter, VANET’s security issues are addressed, and the most outstanding security approaches are discussed. As a proof of concept, a PKI -based protocol, able to cope with the interoperability issues among untrusted CA domains is presented, and the trade-offs between security and performance are empirically analyzed and stressed.

scholarly journals A cooperative heterogeneous vehicular clustering framework for efficiency improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1247-1259
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
Rafidah Md Noor ◽  
Zaheed Ahmed ◽  
Umm-e-Habiba ◽  
Naveed Akram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Dedicated Short Range Communication ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Hoc Networks

AbstractHeterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications. One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term evolution (LTE) and dedicated short-range communication. The heterogeneity of such a network infrastructure and the non-cooperation involved in sharing cost/data are potential problems to solve. A vehicular clustering framework is one solution to these problems, but the framework should be formally verified and validated before being deployed in the real world. To solve these issues, first, we present a heterogeneous framework, named destination and interest-aware clustering, for vehicular clustering that integrates vehicular ad hoc networks with the LTE network for improving road traffic efficiency. Then, we specify a model system of the proposed framework. The model is formally verified to evaluate its performance at the functional level using a model checking technique. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework at the micro-level, a heterogeneous simulation environment is created by integrating state-of-the-art tools. The comparison of the simulation results with those of other known approaches shows that our proposed framework performs better.

scholarly journals Efficient Noninteractive Secure Protocol Enforcing Privacy in Vehicle-to-Roadside Communication Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fatty M. Salem ◽  
Maged Hamada Ibrahim ◽  
I. I. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Malicious Behavior ◽  
Secure Protocol ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
Symmetric Key ◽  
Key Revocation ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have attracted extensive attentions in recent years for their promises in improving safety and enabling other value-added services. In this paper, we propose an efficient noninteractive secure protocol preserving the privacy of drivers in vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communication networks with the ability of tracing malicious drivers only by a third trusted party (TTP), who is assumed to be fully trusted. Our proposed protocol can provide these complex requirements depending on symmetric cryptographic algorithms. The drivers can change the symmetric key used for message encryption with each message transmission and find noninteractively new values to be correctly used for verification and tracing in case of malicious behavior. The advantages of symmetric cryptographic algorithms over asymmetric algorithms are the faster processing speed and the shorter message length which makes it suitable for real-time applications such as V2R communications. An efficient key revocation scheme will be also described.

MAC Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Chih-Yung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Bandwidth Utilization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Message Broadcasting

With the rapid development of wireless technologies, the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have recently received much attention. VANETs technologies aim to ensure traffic safety for drivers, provide comfort for passengers and reduce transportation time and fuel consumption with many potential applications. The achievement of these aims highly relies on efficient MAC protocols which determine the performance of packet transmission in terms of success rate, delay, throughput and bandwidth utilization. This chapter reviews the existing MAC protocols developed for VANETs. Initially, the IEEE 802.11p and DSRC standard are reviewed. Three TDMA-based MAC protocols, called CVIA, VeSOMAC and D*S, are then introduced. In addition, three MAC protocols that cope with the emergency-message broadcasting problem are proposed. Finally, a reliable MAC protocol which is developed based on the cluster topology is reviewed.

scholarly journals On the Study of Vehicle Density in Intelligent Transportation Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Sanguesa ◽  
Fernando Naranjo ◽  
Vicente Torres-Sanz ◽  
Manuel Fogue ◽  
Piedad Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Communications ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
On The Road

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless communication networks which support cooperative driving among vehicles on the road. The specific characteristics of VANETs favor the development of attractive and challenging services and applications which rely on message exchanging among vehicles. These communication capabilities depend directly on the existence of nearby vehicles able to exchange information. Therefore, higher vehicle densities favor the communication among vehicles. However, vehicular communications are also strongly affected by the topology of the map (i.e., wireless signal could be attenuated due to the distance between the sender and receiver, and obstacles usually block signal transmission). In this paper, we study the influence of the roadmap topology and the number of vehicles when accounting for the vehicular communications capabilities, especially in urban scenarios. Additionally, we consider the use of two parameters: the SJ Ratio (SJR) and the Total Distance (TD), as the topology-related factors that better correlate with communications performance. Finally, we propose the use of a new density metric based on the number of vehicles, the complexity of the roadmap, and its maximum capacity. Hence, researchers will be able to accurately characterize the different urban scenarios and better validate their proposals related to cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems based on vehicular communications.

Medium Access Protocols for Cooperative Collision Avoidance in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Md. Imrul Hassan ◽  
Hai L. Vu ◽  
Taka Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

It is envisaged that supporting vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications with a Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) can improve road safety and increase transportation efficiency. Among the candidate applications of VANETs, cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) has attracted considerable interest as it can significantly improve road safety. Due to the ad hoc nature of these highly dynamic networks, no central coordination or handshaking protocol can be assumed and safety applications must broadcast information of interest to many surrounding cars by sharing a single channel in a distributed manner. This gives rise to one of the key challenges in vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems, namely, the development of an efficient and reliable medium access control (MAC) protocol for CCA. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proposed MAC protocols for VANETs and describe current standardization activities. We then focus on the performance of the IEEE 802.11 carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol that is being standardized by the IEEE standards body for VANET applications. In particular, we review prominent existing analytical models and study their advantages, disadvantages and their suitability for performance evaluation of the MAC protocol for VANETs. After a discussion of the shortcomings of these models, we develop a new analytical model in the second half of the chapter. Explicit expressions are derived for the mean and standard deviation of the packet delay, as well as for the packet delivery ratio (PDR) at the MAC layer in an unsaturated network formed by moving vehicles on a highway. We validate the analytical results using extensive simulations and show that good accuracy can be achieved with the proposed model for a range of topologies and traffic load conditions. More importantly, using the model, we show that hidden terminals can have a severe, detrimental impact on the PDR, which may compromise the reliability required for safety applications.

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