Climate Changes and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Challenges for Agriculture

2022 ◽  
pp. 1932-1943
Author(s):  
Svetlana Roljević Nikolić ◽  
Predrag Vuković ◽  
Radojica Sarić

During the last few decades, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased. Estimates are showing that the agriculture, forestry and other land use emits less than a quarter of the total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases globally and in this way endangers resources. Observing from the point of the European Union, agriculture emits 436.7 million tons of CO2 equivalents, corresponding to 9.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, agricultural production is accompanied by the creation of residues, whose amount often exceeds the weight of the main product, which can be used as a source of renewable energy. About 25% of the harvest residues can be used for energy purposes, without compromising the population food safety, nor adversely affecting the fertility of the land. The aim of this article is to point out on the consequences of the harmful effects of modern agriculture on the environment, but also on the fact that agriculture can offer solutions to the challenges of climate change.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Svetlana Roljević Nikolić ◽  
Predrag Vuković ◽  
Radojica Sarić

During the last few decades, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased. Estimates are showing that the agriculture, forestry and other land use emits less than a quarter of the total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases globally and in this way endangers resources. Observing from the point of the European Union, agriculture emits 436.7 million tons of CO2 equivalents, corresponding to 9.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, agricultural production is accompanied by the creation of residues, whose amount often exceeds the weight of the main product, which can be used as a source of renewable energy. About 25% of the harvest residues can be used for energy purposes, without compromising the population food safety, nor adversely affecting the fertility of the land. The aim of this article is to point out on the consequences of the harmful effects of modern agriculture on the environment, but also on the fact that agriculture can offer solutions to the challenges of climate change.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Maniatis ◽  
David Chiaramonti ◽  
Eric van den Heuvel

The present work considers the dramatic changes the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the global economy, with particular emphasis on energy. Focusing on the European Union, the article discusses the opportunities policy makers can implement to reduce the climate impacts and achieve the Paris Agreement 2050 targets. The analysis specifically looks at the fossil fuels industry and the future of the fossil sector post COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis first revises the fossil fuel sector, and then considers the need for a shift of the global climate change policy from promoting the deployment of renewable energy sources to curtailing the use of fossil fuels. This will be a change to the current global approach, from a relative passive one to a strategically dynamic and proactive one. Such a curtailment should be based on actual volumes of fossil fuels used and not on percentages. Finally, conclusions are preliminary applied to the European Union policies for net zero by 2050 based on a two-fold strategy: continuing and reinforcing the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive to 2035, while adopting a new directive for fixed and over time increasing curtailment of fossils as of 2025 until 2050.


2013 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Orsolya Nagy

The use of renewable energies has a long past, even though its share of the total energy use is rather low in European terms. However, the tendencies are definitely favourable which is further strengthened by the dedication of the European Union to sustainable development and combat against climate change. The European Union is on the right track in achieving its goal which is to be able to cover 20% its energy need from renewable energy resources by 2020. The increased use of wind, solar, water, tidal, geothermal and biomass energy will reduce the energy import dependence of the European Union and it will stimulate innovation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 905
Author(s):  
Atik KRUSTIYATI ◽  
Sylvia JANISRIWATI ◽  
Novela CHRISTINE ◽  
Mokhamad Khoirul HUDA

Crude palm oil is one of the main commodities exported by Indonesia to several countries, including European Union. The European Union has pushed through several laws regarding climate change, including the Renewable Energy Directive II. The regulation supplementing the Renewable Energy Directive II has also been adopted by the European Commission, making the criteria for determining the high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807. The objective of this paper is to observe if the measure taken by European Union on determining the indirect land-use change-risk feedstock has satisfied the existing WTO trade principles, the principle of most favored nation and the principle of quantitative restriction. The determining criteria in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 is trade restrictive and discriminating to the export of crude palm oil, as crude palm oil is the only feedstock that falls under the criteria of high indirect land-use change-risk feedstock. The regulation has impact for the consumption of crude palm oil in Member states of European Union should be gradually reduced 0% by 2030 at the latest.  As the provision on General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade embodies the principle of non-discrimination, the result of the study shows the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/807 has violated the international trade principles. Furthermore, the general exceptions of GATT 1994 contained in Article XX (b) also doesn’t justify the measure.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6030
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jałowiec ◽  
Henryk Wojtaszek

There is a need to reduce carbon-based energy and replace it with clean energy in order to counteract the negative effects of climate change. The increase in renewable energy sources may result in savings and the increasing cost of maintaining carbon-based energy. Worldwide involvement is required. The fulfillment of conditions by individual states does not solve the problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has slowed economic growth. It turns out that economic growth is not always associated with increased investments in RES (existing or emerging new clean energy points). We have a new epidemiological threat—Delta—which could become large. This will not improve the situation. Germany is an exemplary country for benchmarking in the field of renewable energy. The worrying fact is that Poland, despite economic growth, does not achieve an even growth in RES. Each of us is required to be involved, to be open to innovation and to act in accordance with the energy policy of the European Union. Basic management functions (planning, organizing, motivating and controlling) are also essential. Failure to meet the demands of the energy policy should be thoroughly verified and consequences should be drawn in order to involve the whole world. The authors thoroughly analyzed many factors that have a significant impact on the success in stopping climate change and increasing RES. With the increase in energy demand, renewable energy is introduced to a greater extent. Additionally, coal energy will be more expensive to maintain. The more RES, the more expensive the energy obtained from mine sources. The investment is an opportunity to meet the demands of RES, but investors are currently only interested in investing in renewable energy in highly developed countries. The decision-making process regarding the implementation of renewable energy sources not only consists in a radical decision to introduce changes, but also in the fulfillment of a number of assumptions regarding the energy policy controlled by the authorities of a given state as part of this action. There is a risk (fear) in underdeveloped countries that they will not be able to finalize this project, either due to the lack of investor interest or the lack of real opportunities due to the failure to meet the guidelines of the energy policy of a given country. It is advisable that state governments facilitate the process as much as possible so that even less developed countries could take advantage of this postulate.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5834
Author(s):  
Dumitru-Tudor Jijie ◽  
Alexandru Maxim ◽  
Teodora Roman ◽  
Mihail Roșcovan

Concern about energy in the European Union (EU) has been a recurrent issue from the very beginning. Though initially addressed at the state level, energy is now a shared competency as stressed by article 194 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. New challenges, added from time to time, need public support in order to be properly addressed. Such is the case of substituting traditional energy production with renewable energy sources. Our paper seeks to determine whether the Romanian public opinion favors such an evolution, which is traditionally associated with significant investment efforts. The study is focused on the north-east development region, which has the highest population and registered the fastest economic growth in 2019. The topic was explored through a survey applied to a sample of 649 household respondents. The results suggest strong support for introducing renewable energy sources, serious concerns about climate change, and a preoccupation for energy saving. Concerns regarding climate change or various economic factors, behaviors oriented towards reducing energy waste, as well as perceived knowledge on the matter are the factors with the biggest impact on supporting electricity production based on renewable energy sources. However, TV and online exposure have a negative impact on support. Demographics, along with social and political values remain mostly not significant.


Author(s):  
Nely Georgieva ◽  
Darina Zaimova

Today, more than ever, the fight against climate change requires a collective effort. Addressing the problems arising from the rapid depletion of resources and the changing environment requires Europe to radically change its approach from rapid resource depletion, climate change, and changing environment requires Europe radically change their approach to production, consumption, processing, storage, recycling and disposal of biological resources. The promotion of bioeconomy as a key EU policy will lead to a sustainable solution to these problems and improve the economic and environmental situation in Europe. One of the directions in which the bio-economy has to go at a fast pace is energetics. Using the potential of biomass as a resource for the development of bioenergy will have a positive impact on carbon emissions and climate as a whole. The European Union is pursuing a coherent policy in the field of renewable energy and in particular biomass, stimulating international dialogue to reduce environmental pressures, climate change and reduce the environmental impact of human activity. EU legislation on the promotion of renewable energies (RES) has evolved significantly in recent years, with the agreement reached last year for a 32% share of renewable energy in the overall energy mix at European Union level by 2030. The purpose of this report is to analyze potential opportunities for the implementation of European directives to increase the use of bioenergy resources in the field of energy production. An analysis was made of the state of the Bulgarian energy sector and the current regulatory framework for stimulating the use of renewable energy, in particular biomass for energy production. Conclusions have been formulated for the necessary measures for the future development of the sector.


2010 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
José M. Portela ◽  
Andrés Pastor ◽  
Milagros M. Huerta ◽  
Manuel Otero ◽  
Rafael E. González

Climate change and increasing energy prices threaten the planet and the economy. The European Union has promised to take the lead, through a reduction in greenhouse gases by 20 to 30% and a 20% energy savings by 2020. In this context, the EU is about to ban some of the most inefficient lightbulbs for everyday. Lighting would set the limit at the level of CFLs/LEDs (most energy efficient existing lamps). The energy savings would be maximized, the target is 86 TWh of electricity saved per year in the EU by 2020. To discover how to use different materials in this technology is a high-priority as it shows the advance; maybe this is the future of lighting.


2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Užšilaitytė ◽  
Vytautas Martinaitis

Climate change became a priority issue on the agenda of the energy and environmental policy of the European Union. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the main pillars to cope with climate change. Buildings consuming 40% of final energy in the European Union play a vital role here. This is the reason for changing attitude towards evaluation of the benefits of the renovation of existing buildings. Previously before making a decision on building renovation solutions the main factor was cost‐efficiency. Today life‐cycle approach taking into account energy consumption and abatement of greenhouse gases is more relevant. The goal of the paper is to compare different alternatives for the renovation of buildings taking into account energy, economic and environmental criteria while evaluating impact of renovation measures during their life cycle. The first alternative is renovation of a building up to the requirements of existing building codes. The second alternative is renovation of a building making its thermal characteristics of the envelopes by 25% better. The third alternative is renovation of a building making its thermal characteristics of the envelopes by 50% better. Possibility to use renewable energy in all the three alternatives is also investigated. The results of analysis show that in the case under consideration replacement of district heating, mostly based on fossil fuel, with a biomass boiler has an advantage in terms of environment and energy. However, economic attractiveness of these alternatives is rather moderate. Final choice of the alternatives depends on the priorities of a decision‐maker. Santrauka Klimato kaita tapo prioritetiniu punktu Europos Sajungos energetikos ir aplinkosaugos politikos darbotvarkeje. Energijos vartojimo efektyvumas ir atsinaujinantys energijos ištekliai ‐ pagrindines nuostatos siekiant iveikti klimato kaitos keliamas problemas. Pastatams, kuriuose suvartojama 40 % Europos Sajungos galutines energijos, čia tenka pagrindinis vaidmuo. Tai yra priežastis keisti požiūri, vertinant esamu pastatu renovavimo nauda. Anksčiau prieš priimant sprendima del pastatu renovacijos pagrindinis faktorius buvo ekonominis efektyvumas. Šiandien tikslingiau yra atsižvelgti i gyvavimo cikla, ivertinant energijos suvartojimo mastus ir šiltnamio duju išmetius. Šio darbo tikslas ‐ palyginti skirtingas pastatu renovavimo alternatyvas, atsižvelgiant i energetinius, ekonominius ir aplinkos apsaugos kriterijus, vertinant renovacijos priemoniu itaka per ju gyvavimo laika. Pirmoji renovacijos alternatyva ‐ pastatas renovuojamas, kad atitiktu reikalavimus, keliamus pastatu atitvaru šiluminems charakteristikoms. Antroji renovacijos alternatyva ‐ pastato atitvaru šilumines charakteristikos, palyginti su galiojančiais reikalavimais, gerinamos 25 %. Trečioji alternatyva ‐ pastato atitvaru šilumines charakteristikos, palyginti su galiojančiais reikalavimais, gerinamos 50 %. Papildomai ivertinama galimybe visais trim atvejais naudoti atsinaujinančius energijos išteklius. Analizes rezultatai parode, kad nagrinejamu atveju gaunama energetine ir aplinkosaugine nauda, kai vietoje esamos centralizuotai tiekiamos šilumos sistemos, kurioje šilumai gaminti pagrindinai naudojamas iškastinis kuras, irengiamas biomases katilas. Ekonomiškai šios alternatyvos yra mažiau patrauklios. Galutinis alternatyvu pasirinkimas priklauso nuo sprendimu priemejo prioritetu. Резюме Изменение климата стало приоритетным вопросом на повестке дня энергетической и экологической политики Европейского Cоюза. Энергетическая эффективность и возобновляемые источники энергии являются основными мерами для уменьшения изменений климата. С этой точки зрения большое значение имеют здания, так как они в Европейском Союзе потребляют 40% энергии. Это является причиной изменения отношения к оценке выгод от реновации существующих зданий. Ранее для принятия решения о реновации здания основным фактором являлась экономическая эффективность. Сегодня более актуальным является учет потребления энергии и сокращения выбросов парниковых газов. Целью настоящей работы было сравнить различные варианты реконструкции здания с учетом энергетических, экономических и экологических критериев при оценке воздействия мер по реконструкции во время их жизненного цикла. Первый вариант – это реновация здания с целью улучшения его тепловых характеристик, доводя их до требований существующих строительных норм. Второй вариант – реновация здания с целью улучшения его тепловых характеристик на 25% по сравнению с требованиями существующих строительных норм. Третий вариант – реновация здания с целью улучшения его тепловых характеристик на 50% по сравнению с требованиями существующих строительных норм. Кроме этого, во всех трех вариантах исследована возможность использования возобновляемых источников энергии. Результаты анализа показали, что замена централизованного теплоснабжения, основaнного главным образом на использовании ископаемых видов топлива, на котел с биомассой имеет преимущество с точки зрения окружающей среды и энергетики, однако экономическая привлекательность такой альтернативы довольно умеренна. Окончательный выбор вариантов зависит от приоритетов субъекта, принимающего решение.


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