Using Photographs and Learning Trajectories to Enhance Teacher Noticing to Support Formative Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-149
Author(s):  
Katherine Ariemma Marin ◽  
Sarah A. Roller ◽  
Elizabeth Petit Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Learning Trajectories ◽  
Early Childhood Mathematics ◽  
Teacher Noticing ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms ◽  
New Framework

In this chapter, the authors propose a re-imagined framework for formative assessment that weaves professional teacher noticing with the use of learning trajectories and photographs. Photographs can be used to capture “disappearing data” in early childhood mathematics classrooms as a way of documenting children's mathematical thinking and used in data analysis for formative assessment. A case study, including a series of photographs of a single child's work on a one more/one less task is used to demonstrate the ways in which this new framework can be used as part of a coaching cycle aimed at improving formative assessment. The coach supports the teacher in using photographs to document student thinking; employing professional noticing coupled with learning trajectories to identify where the student's work is along the Base 10 progression of counting; and synthesizing noticings and trajectories to plan instructional next steps. Implications for both teaching and research are identified and explored.

scholarly journals A METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING USABILITY FINDINGS TO ENHANCE VALIDATION OF NEW HEURISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-118
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Validation Methods ◽  
Logical Process ◽  
New Framework

Different usability heuristics have been proposed as new application domains arise. Such proposals usually depend on the validation of the new heuristics. However, current validation methods are still biased by subjective comparisons of usability findings. In this paper, we aimed to enhance the process of matching usability finding descriptions and mitigate the bias of such process. To reach our goal, we adopted ontology techniques to extend the User Action Framework for the context of validating new usability heuristics. We tested three hypotheses about the feasibility of our new framework based on a case study with 173 usability findings. These usability findings were retrieved from an online project of a private mobile browser. Our data analysis of supported merging three classification schemes for our framework: User Action Framework, Typical Usability Defects (from ISO) and the heuristics of Nielsen. Finally, we describe a logical process for our method, because some of the contents from the classification schemes are not disjoint.

Using Learning Trajectories to Enhance Formative Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Caroline B. Ebby ◽  
Marjorie Petit
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Learning Trajectories ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Interpretive Process ◽  
Improve Student Learning ◽  
Enhance Student Learning

Numerous research studies have shown that formative assessment is a classroom practice that when carried out effectively can improve student learning (Black and Wiliam 1998). Formative assessment is not just giving tests and quizzes more frequently. When assessment is truly formative, the evidence that is generated is interpreted by the teacher and the student and then used to make adjustments in the teaching and learning process. In other words, the formative assessment generates feedback, and that feedback is used to enhance student learning. Formative assessment is therefore fundamentally an interpretive process: It is less about the structure, format, or timing of the assessment and more about the function and use by both the teacher and student (Wiliam 2011). For teachers of mathematics, the heart of this process is making sense of and understanding student thinking in relation to content goals.

scholarly journals Do cultural norms influence how teacher noticing is studied in different cultural contexts? A focus on expert norms of responding to students’ mathematical thinking

ZDM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Dreher ◽  
Anke Lindmeier ◽  
Paul Feltes ◽  
Ting-Ying Wang ◽  
Feng-Jui Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematical Thinking ◽  
Instructional Quality ◽  
Specific Aspect ◽  
Teacher Noticing ◽  
Concurrent Process ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms ◽  
Parallel Text ◽  
Open Question

Abstract As an important component of teaching expertise, teacher noticing is gaining growing attention in our intercultural mathematics education community. However, it is likely that in many cases the researchers’ perspectives on what characterizes high instructional quality in mathematics classrooms shape what they expect teachers to notice. In particular, it is an open question how potentially different norms of instructional quality influence how teacher noticing is operationalized in East Asian and Western cultures. Consequently, in a first step, this bicultural research project on teacher noticing in Taiwan and Germany focuses on exploring the researchers’ frames of reference for investigating teacher noticing. In this paper, we thus propose a concurrent process for developing vignettes and eliciting corresponding expert norms as a prerequisite to investigating teacher noticing in a way that is sensitive to different cultural contexts. In this process, the research teams in both countries developed in parallel, text vignettes in which, from their perspective, a breach of a norm regarding a specific aspect of instructional quality was integrated. In an online expert survey, these vignettes were then presented to German and Taiwanese researchers in mathematics education (19 from each country) to investigate whether these experts recognize the integrated breach of a norm. This approach allows researchers to identify potentially different norms of instructional quality in mathematics classrooms. In particular, by means of a specific representation of practice, it became visible how expert norms of responding to students’ mathematical thinking can be different from a Taiwanese compared to a German perspective.

scholarly journals Integrasi Penilaian Formatif Pada Pembelajaran Microteaching di Prodi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Qomaruddin

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Illah Winiati Triyana ◽  
Junaidah Wildani
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to integrate formative assessment into microteaching course and to know students’ response toward the integration of formative assessment into microteaching course. To achieve these goals, the researcher applied pra-experimental research design in the type of one-shot case study with the subject of this study is students from mathematics education study program in semester six 2019-2020 academic year. The instrument used to collect the data for is student questioner which has been validated by two experts.  The result of data analysis shows that formative assessment has been very well integrated to microteaching learning and 100% students agreed and very agreed that formative assessment helps them in knowing what to do to achieve their knowledge and skill target. 95,85% students agreed and very agreed that formative assessment helps them in knowing their knowledge and skill target. 93,75% students agreed and very agreed that through the integration of formative assessment, they are motivated to improve their knowledge and skill. 93,7% students agreed and very agreed that formative assessment helps them knowing what they know and what they skilled. 91,68% students agreed and very agreed that through integration of formative assessment they become independent learners.

Supporting Teachers to Use Formative Assessment for Adaptive Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Teruni Lamberg ◽  
Linda Gillette-Koyen ◽  
Diana Moss
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
Instructional Decisions ◽  
Student Work ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptive Decision Making ◽  
Support Students ◽  
Supporting Teachers

Formative assessment helps teachers make effective instructional decisions to support students to learn mathematics. Yet, many teachers struggle to effectively use formative assessment to support student learning. Therefore, teacher educators must find ways to support teachers to use formative assessment to inform instruction. This case study documents shifts in teachers’ views and reported use of formative assessment that took place as they engaged in professional development (PD). The PD design considered the formative assessment cycle (Otero, 2006; Popham, 2008) and embedded it within a pedagogical framework (Lamberg, 2013, in press) that took into account the process of mathematics planning and teaching while supporting teachers to learn math content. Teachers restructured their definition of student understanding, which influenced how they interpreted student work and made instructional decisions. Teachers’ pre-PD instructional decisions focused on looking for right and wrong answers to determine mastery and focused on pacing decisions. Their post-PD decisions focused on student thinking and adapting teaching to support student thinking and learning. Implications for PD to support teachers to use formative assessment and research are discussed.

Transcending conventional assessment boundaries in conducting learning study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Yuk Ko
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Variation Theory ◽  
Learning Study ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions

Purpose Assessment for learning (AfL) or formative assessment is an idea widely embraced by the education field; however, it is recognised as difficult to practice at classroom. This paper, with a case study, explores how an action research activity, learning study, helps a group of teachers in Hong Kong transcend some assessment boundaries and develop assessment tools that are more conducive for student’s learning. As guided by variation theory, a distinctive feature of learning study is its intensive use of formative assessment tools, including pre- and post-tests and interviews with students, to provide feedback to teaching and evidence of learning. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how teachers learn to use the formative assessment tools to overcome practical problems in teaching and improve their instruction. Design/methodology/approach A case study was conducted. Data collected included field notes on classroom observations, records of meetings, students’ interviews and students’ writings in both pre- and post-tests. The general framework for qualitative data analysis by Miles and Huberman (1994) guided the data analysis process with the foci on the change in teachers’ perceptions and improvement of their skills in adopting formative assessment tools. Findings Although the initial aim of conducting learning study was examination-driven, i.e., to improve the students’ performance in an external examination, it became evident over time that teachers participating in the inquiry process had gained a better understanding of making use of the assessment results as feedback to improve student learning and their instruction. This constituted an ideal case for studying the learning process of the teachers as they practiced AfL and transcend some conventional assessment boundaries in an authentic classroom situation. Originality/value This is one of the scarce studies, which demonstrates how the assessment elements of learning study, i.e. pre/post tests and student interviews, can be integrated into the working practice of teachers as a form of AfL and become an integral aspect of classroom practice.

Eliciting Student Thinking in Elementary School Mathematics Classrooms

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Franke ◽  
Noreen M. Webb ◽  
Angela Chan ◽  
Dan Battey ◽  
Marsha Ing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Student Thinking ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Elementary School Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Classrooms

Teaching Computer Based Historical Data Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Anderson ◽  
Robert J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Historical Data Analysis ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The University

A case study ofa third year course in the Department of Economic and Social History in the University of Edinburgh isusedto considerandhighlightaspects of good practice in the teaching of computer-assisted historical data analysis.

KAJIAN PENYELENGGARAAN PAUD DI KOTA BANJARMASIN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PERENCANAAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Lisna Sulinar Sari
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Educational Needs ◽  
Needs Analysis ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Early Childhood Institutions

Abstrak: Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dari jumlah lembaga PAUD yang ada diKota Banjarmasin belum semuanya memiliki perencanaan khususnya pada analisispeningkatan legalitas kelembagaan PAUD dan analisis kebutuhan pendidikan untuk anak usiadini (AUD). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis data deskrtifkuantitatif dan kualitataif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: i) Disdik Kota Banjarmasin danLembaga PAUD sampel tidak melakukan perencanaan yang baik untuk pendataan analisiskebutuhan pendidikan AUD; ii) Belum semua lembaga PAUD sampel memiliki izinoperasional dikarenakan adanya persyaratan yang belum dapat dipenuhi karena memerlukanbiaya yang cukup besar seperti, pembuatan akta notaris; iii) Belum semua lembaga PAUDmemiliki sarpras sesuai dengan pedoman sarana dan prasarana dari pusat; iv) untuk membantuketersediaan sarpras, Disdik Kota Banjarmasin sudah mengalokasikan dana APBD II berupabantuan RKB, rehab kelas rusak ringan dan berat, serta bantuan APE Dalam dan Luar berupabarang. Abstract: The problem in this study is from the number of early childhood institutions in thecity of Banjarmasin not all have plans in particular to the analysis of institutional legalityincrease early childhood education and educational needs analysis for early childhood (AUD).This study uses a case study approach to data analysis of quantitative and qualitative deskrtif.The study shows that: i) Disdik Banjarmasin and Institutions ECD sample is not doing betterplanning for data analysis AUD educational needs; ii) Not all the samples of early childhoodinstitutions have an operating permit because of the requirements can not be met because itrequires significant costs such as notary deed; iii) Not all early childhood institutions haveinfrastructure accordance with the guidelines of the central infrastructure; iv) to assist theavailability infrastructure, Disdik Banjarmasin already allocated budget II in the form ofclassroom assistance, rehabilitation of damaged light and heavy classes, as well as the In andOut APE assistance in the form of goods.

scholarly journals Time Saving Students’ Formative Assessment: Algorithm to Balance Number of Tasks and Result Reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6048
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Melesko ◽  
Simona Ramanauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Classical Test Theory ◽  
Personalized Learning ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Learning Path ◽  
Crucial Component

Feedback is a crucial component of effective, personalized learning, and is usually provided through formative assessment. Introducing formative assessment into a classroom can be challenging because of test creation complexity and the need to provide time for assessment. The newly proposed formative assessment algorithm uses multivariate Elo rating and multi-armed bandit approaches to solve these challenges. In the case study involving 106 students of the Cloud Computing course, the algorithm shows double learning path recommendation precision compared to classical test theory based assessment methods. The algorithm usage approaches item response theory benchmark precision with greatly reduced quiz length without the need for item difficulty calibration.

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