Development and Implementation of Digital Tools, Neural Networks, and Cyber Control Systems in Sliding Modes

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ivanov ◽  
Yulia Vertakova ◽  
Vardan Mkrttchian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Eu

This chapter seeks to understand the EU-ACP trade relations under the economic partnership agreement (EPA) arrangement and its implications on economic nationalism of developing nations with specific reference to Zimbabwe. The research strongly leans on the view that EPAs have little or no economic benefit to the ACP. Even though the EU tagged the ensuing trade relationship with the ACP as partnership, in the real sense, it is more of paternalism. This is especially so as the EU dictates the terms and the pace of the negotiation, owns the incentives (in the form of aid and technical assistance), and either dispenses or withdraws it at will, depending on the “behavior” of the ACP countries. In order to benefit from EPAs, ACP countries must fund their own economies. ACP states should also address internal political challenges before committing to multiple economic fronts such as the EPAs.

Implications of the European Union (EU)-African, Caribbean, and Pacific Partnership Agreements on Economic Nationalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kurebwa ◽  
Shamiso Yikoniko
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Nationalism ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Eu

This chapter seeks to understand the EU-ACP trade relations under the economic partnership agreement (EPA) arrangement and its implications on economic nationalism of developing nations with specific reference to Zimbabwe. The research strongly leans on the view that EPAs have little or no economic benefit to the ACP. Even though the EU tagged the ensuing trade relationship with the ACP as partnership, in the real sense, it is more of paternalism. This is especially so as the EU dictates the terms and the pace of the negotiation, owns the incentives (in the form of aid and technical assistance), and either dispenses or withdraws it at will, depending on the “behavior” of the ACP countries. In order to benefit from EPAs, ACP countries must fund their own economies. ACP states should also address internal political challenges before committing to multiple economic fronts such as the EPAs.

scholarly journals The pros and cons of the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in the context of Member States’ trade relations with the European Union (EU)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Czermińska ◽  
Joanna Garlińska-Bielawska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Economic Partnership Agreement ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
The Eu

The article aims to present the benefits and costs for the SADC member countries of the conclusion of EPA and of the implementation of trade liberalisation thereunder, in the light of their trade relations with the European Union. The hypothesis adopted is that for the majority of the SADC countries entering into the agreement will involve improved access for their products to the EU market. The assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the conclusion of an EPA will take account of a situation in which the countries of the region would not sign an EPA: how their customs status would change and whether it would affect the conditions of trade with the European Union.

Regionalism in the WTO and the Legal Status of a Development Agenda in the EU/ACP Economic Partnership Agreement

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-248
Author(s):  
Yenkong Ngangjoh Hodu
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
European Court ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) which share similar ideals with the World Trade Organization (WTO) has added to claims of disintegration within international trade law. Notwithstanding the ambiguity surrounding the reading of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXIV on RTAs, WTO members are continuously negotiating RTAs with objectives which have so far not received universal acceptance under the WTO treaty system. In the context of European Union (EU)-Africa trade relations, the December 2007 EU-Africa summit was expected to be an appropriate venue for leaders from both sides to resolve the controversy surrounding the idea of development-friendly free trade agreements between the contracting parties. But, the summit was wrapped up without achieving any clear answer to this issue. Similarly, at the multilateral level, i.e. the WTO Doha Development Round negotiations, which the EU and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States have sponsored, numerous development-friendly proposals on RTAs stalled since July 2006. Consequently, in view of this controversy, if development concerns can be factored into economic partnership agreements (EPAs), what would be an acceptable threshold for such RTAs to conform to GATT Article XXIV requirements of “substantially all trade” and “reasonable period of time”? This paper discusses the idea of development and WTO compatibility in the context of the EU-Africa Economic Partnership negotiations. In view of the flawed dispute settlement provisions under the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA), the paper further tries to answer the question of whether the CPA contains rights and obligations that need protection by individual EU member courts and may necessarily be enforced before the European Court of Justice. The paper ends with some thoughts on the post-EPAs adjustment programme.

Persuading the Giant? Explaining Eastern Partnership States’ (Unexpected) Negotiation Success in Relations with the European Union

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Giselle Bosse ◽  
Moritz Höpner ◽  
Alena Vieira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Negotiation Success ◽  
The Eu

Abstract In bilateral relations and negotiations with the European Union (EU), smaller and economically weaker states are often unable to express their national preferences. Despite their limited bargaining power, however, some Eastern Partnership (EaP) countries obtained significant concessions from the EU. This article analyzes the factors that explain EaP states’ unexpected negotiation success in the context of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with Ukraine, the Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with Armenia, and enhanced economic partnership with Belarus. We identify negotiation strategies that are crucial to understanding of the puzzle.

An Assessment of Barbados' Competitiveness within the EU Market 1992-2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Lorde ◽  
Antonio Alleyne ◽  
Brian Francis
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This paper assesses Barbados' competitiveness within the EU market in light of its recent signing of an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU in 2008. Using SITC data from 1992-2006, indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) were calculated. We found that Barbados possesses comparative advantages in Live Animals; Raw Sugars, Beet and Cane; and Spirits. However, policies such as the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), stringent sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, onerous rules of origin and non-tariff barriers including technical barriers to trade, threaten to undermine these advantages. These developments strongly suggest that Barbados must move agriculture up the value chain and increase value-added, as well as integrate it more fully with other sectors of its economy. Greater attention must be focused on countries in the EU other than the UK, if full advantage is to be taken of the EPA, as the UK market is already mature. There is evidence that export opportunities to these countries exist in other commodity groups (Fuels, Lubricants, etc.; Animal, Vegetable Oils Fats, Wax; Chemicals, Related Products; Manufactured Goods). When these issues are placed within the context of Barbados' history of weak capacity to take advantage of the market access opportunities available from their trading arrangements, the overarching challenge for Barbados is one of effective market access. This will require, among other things, a capable export promotion agency. The export of non-traditional commodities should be promoted, and greater support, perhaps in the form of incentives, should be provided to large firms that are not yet exporters to encourage them to look beyond the domestic market.

Japan-ASEAN trade will have bright spots amid slowdown

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
Two Sides

Subject The Japan-ASEAN trade relationship. Significance The Japan-ASEAN trade relationship is among the most important in the world. Japan is the only country that has concluded separate bilateral economic partnership agreements with all ten ASEAN member states and the two sides have also had a Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement (AJCEP) since 2008. However, trade volumes have recently begun to fall as Japan and its South-east Asian counterparts face new challenges. Impacts Expanding trade with Japan could help Myanmar reduce its economic dependence on China. Fears of difficulties over commerce with the United States will prompt Japan and ASEAN states to deepen their trade relationships. Exports to Japan from the less-developed ASEAN states will increase as manufacturing relocates there from China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document