Comparison of the European Union Countries and Turkey's Macroeconomic Indicators with Best Worst Method

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-219
Author(s):  
Koray Yapa ◽  
Mert Durmus ◽  
Nezih Tayyar ◽  
İbrahim Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Best Worst Method

Macroeconomic indicators are used to evaluate the current performance and forecast the future state of the economy. Within the scope of the chapter; macroeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, unemployment, inflation, real interest rates, and growth rates constitute the criteria of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model. The European Union (EU) countries and Turkey are the alternatives of the MCDM problem. Best Worst Method (BWM) is an MCDM method developed by Jafar Rezaei in 2015. In this method, the decision-maker identifies only the best and worst criteria and compares them with the remaining criteria. In this chapter, the macroeconomic indicators of Turkey and EU countries analyzed by BWM. As a result of the study, Luxembourg ranks first, Denmark second, and Sweden third. The last three countries are Portugal, Croatia, and Greece. Turkey ranks 24th.

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

A Socioeconomic Comparison of Turkey vs. Participating Countries in the Fifth and Sixth Waves of European Union Enlargement

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
İbrahim Akbulut ◽  
Nezih Tayyar ◽  
Koray Yapa ◽  
Mert Durmus
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Ideal Points ◽  
Mcdm Method ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Ideal Method

Many social and economic variables are used as indicators of the level of development of countries. To determine the level of social and economic development, many criteria were studied in the fields of education, culture, health, and economy. This chapter analyzes 13 European Union countries that participated in the fifth and sixth enlargement process and Turkey, whose ongoing process of accession to the European Union is determined by using socio-economic indicators. Reference Ideal Method (RIM) is a new Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method. This method differentiates itself from other methods frequently used in literature by using the ideal points or ideal ranges. The chapter shows Turkey must improve socio-economic indicators to be close to the countries in the fifth and sixth waves of enlargement process of European Union.

FOOD SECURITY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Access To Food

The aim of the study was to show the state of food security in European Union countries and defines the basic factors determining the level of this security. There is a large disproportion in the state of food security between individual European Union countries, especially between old and new EU countries. It was determined that in the analyzed years average prices of products and their quality deteriorated in the countries of the European Union. The unfavorable changes that have taken place were not too great. On the other hand, the average indicator for the analyzed countries regarding access to food has clearly improved.

THE COMPOUNDS BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC SITUATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Aleksander Grzelak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries

The main purpose of the article is to examine the compounds between economic results of agricultural holdings and their impact on the environment. The research was conducted on a group of 23 EU countries that have been members since at least 2004. The time scope of the analyses concerns the years 2004-2015. The study uses regression analysis based on panel data. It was found that the more favorable economic situation of the surveyed group of agricultural holdings is accompanied by a stronger negative impact on the environment. The strongest relative environmental impact (from the perspective of material pressure on the environment) was recorded for investments.

The use of beta regression in the modelling of severe material deprivation indicator in the European Union countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Dudek
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The severe material deprivation rate indicates the proportion of the population that cannot fulfil at least four of the nine needs identified as basic ones in the European conditions. The study attempts to identify factors differentiating this indicator in the European Union countries. The parameters for regression beta models were estimated on the basis of data from the European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for 2014. Such models are useful when the value of the dependent variable interval is included between 0 and 1. It was found that severe material deprivation rate is affected by such factors as: type of household, median equalized disposable income, at-risk-of-poverty rate, relative median at-risk-of-poverty gap, inequality of income distribution, long-term unemployment rate, GDP per capita, and share of social protection expenditure in GDP.

Tax revenues in the European Union countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to analyse tax revenues and examine similarities of selected tax revenues (mainly VAT, CIT, PIT and excise duty) in the European Union countries. The analysis of the EU members concerns the period between 2003 (i.e. the year preceding the biggest enlargement of the EU) and 2012 (due to data completeness). Tax rates and the structure of tax revenues in the EU countries were compared and then the cluster analysis was applied to assess the similarity of tax revenues. The analysis suggests that the process of tax harmonization, which took place in the period considered, did not exert a significant impact on the similarity of the structure of tax revenues in the EU countries. The structure seems to be still determined by e.g. social, economic or historical factors, which influenced the tax systems creation in particular EU countries.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TAX ECONOMIC REFORMS IN EU COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
I. Marekha ◽  
V. Myrhorodska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article substantiates the necessity to introduce systematic and effective tax eco-reforms in the context of resource-oriented economic development by the European Union countries. The performance and effectiveness of the reforms are estimated in relation to the main four groups of environmental taxes: energy taxes, pollution taxes, resource taxes and transport taxes. The macroecological policy of the European Union countries is the object of the undertaken analysis. The article examines the impact of macroeconomic factors on environmental taxes across the EU, using a correlation analysis toolkit. Four groups of macroeconomic parameters were selected for analysis: internal macroeconomic factors (nominal GDP, real GDP, inflation, business cycle stage, budget deficit, energy consumption level); external macroeconomic factors (government debt, exports, foreign direct investments); institutional macroparameters (environmental culture, shadow economy, trust in government) and fiscal macroparameters (tax culture and fiscal freedom). The economic interpretation of the obtained correlates is given. Based on the correlation analysis, stimulators and de-stimulators of tax environmental reforms across the EU were identified. It is established that the factors that positively influence on the tax environmental reforms are the overwhelming majority of the analyzed factors. The formation of indicators of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms is undertaken for six countries of the Community. In particular, the analysis covers three economic leaders (Germany, the United Kingdom and France) and three leading EU countries in the field of environmental tax collection (Latvia, Greece and Slovenia). The article presents approaches to improving the assessment of the effectiveness of tax environmental reforms based on the consideration of fiscal (budget-filling) and reproductive (multiplicative) functions of environmental taxes. In this regard, the environmental tax multiplier and accelerator, as well as the GDP elasticity coefficient for environmental taxes, were calculated for the analyzed group of countries. The criteria of economic efficiency of tax eco-reforms are proposed. Keywords: environmental taxes, macroeconomic effect, macro-environmental policy, multiplier, accelerator, elasticity

scholarly journals A Multi – Speed Europe, and the Peripherality of Poland

e-Finanse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Mateusz Mierzejewski ◽  
Karolina Palimąka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Polish Economy

AbstractIn recent years, research on the synchronization of business cycles in economies has been undertaken more than once. This is a desirable phenomenon especially for the European Union. The aim of the article is to verify selected macroeconomic indicators that characterize the economies of countries belonging to the European Union in relation to Poland, thus presenting convergence of dynamic cycles of changes in socio-economic sphere indicators: inflation rate, unemployment rate, short-term interest rates, and GDP. For this purpose, a cross-spectral analysis was used which allows us to show the occurring fluctuations of different lengths, as well as to compare the strength of the relation of changes between selected indicators. According to the conducted analyses, it was noted that the Polish economy (in the perspective of long-term changes) is a determinant of changes for highly developed countries.

scholarly journals Improvement of international rail transportation of benzene between Ukraine and the European Union countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Vasyl Gaba ◽  
Tetiana Hrushevska ◽  
Oleg Strelko ◽  
Anna Kyrychenko ◽  
Marina Rudyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Cargo Transportation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Eu

It is considered the possibility of improvement of the international railway transportation of benzene and other related cargoes between Ukraine and the European Union countries for the carriage of these cargoes in tank containers. The volume of chemical cargo transportation to the EU countries to the rolling stock types for 2018 has been analyzed. The research of the effectiveness of organization of international transportation according to the criterion of the total hours of downtime by wagons under accumulation. The mathematical model of chemical cargoes transportation by wagons, wagon groups and container trains with the accumulation to the technical standards on the cargo diversions was elaborated. The models take into account the unevenness of the wagon arrivals to the accumulation points and observance of the number of wagons to the established norm. A comparison of the effectiveness of the two models of the organization of the chemical cargo delivery and it was defined a more effective version of transportation. It has been established that for more efficient using of the rolling stock and for the rolling stock circulation decreasing is the cargo transportation by trains which consist of cisterns or/and tank container carriages. The influence of the components of the rolling stock circulation and its value are analyzed. The research of the cost of benzene transportation in cisterns and tank containers for the individual diversions was studied. According to the research results the cost of benzene transportation by platforms of the railways ownership is less than twice in comparison to private cisterns and tank-containers of the Ukrainian Railways fleet. These recommendations will improve the process of transportation and increase of volumes of international cargo by railroads between Ukraine and the EU countries.

scholarly journals The Quality of Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Competitiveness in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rusu ◽  
Dornean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

To increase competitiveness, a country has to outperform its competitors in terms of research and innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, and education. In this paper, we aim to test the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurial activity and the economic competitiveness for the European Union countries by using panel data estimation techniques. Our research considers a sample of 28 EU countries over the period 2011–2017. For the empirical investigation we apply panel data regression models. The results obtained show that business, macroeconomic environment and the quality of entrepreneurship are significant determinants of economic competitiveness of EU countries. Thus, we identify significant positive relations between innovation rate, inflation rate, FDI and economic competitiveness, and significant negative relations between expectations regarding job creation, tax rate, costs and competitiveness. Our study completes the literature by analyzing the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurship and the competitiveness of countries, for an extensive sample formed by all the 28 countries members of the European Union for a period of seven recent years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document