Uncertainties in Safety and Security

Safe Operation ◽

Terror Attacks ◽

The World

In today's world, critical infrastructure encompasses facilities vital to the economy, politics, and population. Their maintenance and safe operation can ensure the supply for the population. These facilities are at risk due to climate change, natural disasters, terror attacks, or wars which are increasingly affecting countries around the world. In addition, the human factor can also cause uncertainty and damages. The function of the world depends on human activities. In this chapter the uncertainties in safety and security are introduced. Security is the most important part as it is the critical infrastructure protection and human safety . The important pillars of safety and security and these uncertainties are introduced in this chapter.

Critical Infrastructure Protection Using Image Intelligence From Space-Based Aerial Sensors

Transportation: Making Tracks for Tomorrow’s Transportation ◽

10.1115/imece2002-32926 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Stanley A. Morain

Keyword(s):

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Political Stability ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Critical Nodes ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

Satellite Sensors ◽

Transportation Infrastructures

America’s transportation systems are predicated on economic, social, and political stability. After the epiphany of September 11, and subsequent national alerts, however, all sectors of transportation, not just in the USA, but around the world have become keenly aware of the vulnerabilities inherent in such systems; and of the cascading consequences that can arise from attacks at critical nodes in any one or more of the transportation sectors. Critical infrastructure protection can be enhanced significantly through better and more routine use of intelligence extracted from real time, time sequential, and archival images obtained by aerial and satellite sensors. Since we cannot, and probably never would, re-engineer current transportation infrastructures to harden them against random attacks, planners can use image-derived intelligence to redesign their information and decision support systems to detect, prepare, prevent, protect, and respond to incidents. In many instances technology already exists to begin these redesigns, but before 9/11 there was little incentive to invest in the effort. Measures that were once difficult to justify as protection against acts of nature are now justifiable as protection against deliberate acts of aggression. These measures, once learned and implemented, will be applicable to both natural and deliberate incidents.

Diversification as codified digital administrative and legal management system: interinfrastructural provision of the information capital

INFORMATION AND LAW ◽

10.37750/2616-6798.2021.4(39).249304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

Y. LISOVSKA

Keyword(s):

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Law And Economics ◽

World Order ◽

Semantic Relationship ◽

State And Society ◽

The World ◽

Diversification Mechanism ◽

The Individual

The article examines diversification as a system of administrative and legal management in the intersectoral provision of digitalization in Ukraine, which expands the semantic relationship between law and economics in the modern quantum-electronic world. Diversification is shown as a legal policy of the world order, which is due to a planned and creative relationship to protect the legal needs and interests of the individual, the state and society. This paper analyzes the prospects of diversification as a digital codification system of administrative and legal management in the inter-infrastructure of information capital. This article is devoted to highlighting the diversification mechanism for the implementation of current legislation in the field of critical infrastructure protection.

Bridging the Vulnerability Paradigm to Critical Infrastructure Protection for Improving Complex Systems Resilience to Climate Change

Integrated Research on Disaster Risks - Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-55563-4_18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 329-357

Author(s):

Sarah Lindbergh ◽

John Radke

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Complex Systems ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Infrastructure Protection

Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9121385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1385

Author(s):

Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽

Marco Serrato ◽

Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽

Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Markov Decision Process ◽

Decision Process ◽

Necessary Conditions ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Humanitarian Organizations ◽

The World ◽

Markov Decision ◽

Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

Cyber security training for critical infrastructure protection: A literature review

Computer Science Review ◽

10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100361 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 100361

Author(s):

Nabin Chowdhury ◽

Vasileios Gkioulos

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Critical Infrastructure ◽

Security Training

Strategic retreat for resilient and equitable climate adaptation: the roles for conservation organizations

Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences ◽

10.1007/s13412-021-00692-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mali‘o Kodis ◽

Marci Bortman ◽

Sarah Newkirk

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Private Property ◽

Climate Adaptation ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Policy Paper ◽

The World ◽

The Usa ◽

The Government ◽

Conservation Organizations

AbstractAs climate change accelerates the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, damage to public and private property is also increasing, putting exorbitant strain on governments and communities. Societies across the world are working to adapt to climate change, but climate adaptation is currently inadequate to meet the needs of the people left increasingly vulnerable and the places that risk being irreversibly changed or destroyed. One tactic of climate adaptation is strategic retreat, sometimes referred to as managed retreat. Strategic retreat is the process by which the government or another entity purchases (buys out) developed properties that are at risk of destruction or have been destroyed by natural disasters. The structure is most often demolished, and the land is placed under a permanent easement to prevent future development. What happens next is dependent on the entities involved in the buyouts, and can range from derelict, vacant lots to full restoration of ecosystems and their abilities to mitigate flood damage. Sometimes recreational amenities, such as trails or park infrastructure, are prioritized and funded as well. Conservation organizations can leverage their expertise in conservation planning, land acquisition and restoration, policy advocacy, and partnership development to improve the implementation of strategic retreat so that nature and people can thrive in the long term. In this policy paper, we review ways that conservation organizations have and can continue to engage in buyout processes to ensure positive outcomes for communities and nature. Conservation organizations must also evolve their approaches to climate adaptation to integrate equity and redress historical injustices in land use, and contribute towards improving strategic retreat for a more just and resilient future across disaster-prone communities. This work focuses on the context of disasters and climate adaptation in the USA, though many of the principles presented are applicable around the world.