Diversification as codified digital administrative and legal management system: interinfrastructural provision of the information capital

The article examines diversification as a system of administrative and legal management in the intersectoral provision of digitalization in Ukraine, which expands the semantic relationship between law and economics in the modern quantum-electronic world. Diversification is shown as a legal policy of the world order, which is due to a planned and creative relationship to protect the legal needs and interests of the individual, the state and society. This paper analyzes the prospects of diversification as a digital codification system of administrative and legal management in the inter-infrastructure of information capital. This article is devoted to highlighting the diversification mechanism for the implementation of current legislation in the field of critical infrastructure protection.

DETERMINATION OF DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF DIVERSIFICATION OF USED RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTS MANAGEMENT

Topicality. In the context of globalization of the world economy, enterprises of different industries, associated with the interpenetration of technology and capital, are diversifying their financial and economic activities. The effectiveness of its implementation directly depends on the timely focus on the types of goods, works, services that are in demand and competitive. Research on the competitiveness of products of various sectors of the economy is becoming increasingly important. The production of competitive products and ensuring the sustainable position of small and medium-sized enterprises in the agricultural market requires a change in production costs by creating a perfect management accounting system, which provides internal users with information for effective management. After all, the level of competitive products and the results of economic activity of the enterprise largely depend on the level of costs.Aim and tasks. The purpose of writing this study is to identify areas for improving the mechanism of diversification of resource use and cost management in small and medium-sized businesses.Research results. In order to effectively implement the diversification mechanism in the complex of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to solve a number of micro- and macroeconomic problems. Particular attention should be paid to determining areas for improving the organizational and economic mechanism for diversification of resources used and cost management.The sphere of agriculture as animal husbandry, which remains one of the main branches of agriculture of small and medium business, in relation to the production of competitive products, is studied. Despite the large amount of research, the issues of regulation and optimization of livestock production costs in the management accounting system remain unclear. Theoretical and methodological developments aimed at determining the methods of regulation and optimization of costs for livestock production in the management accounting system, which determines the relevance of the selected topic.The regulation and optimization of costs for livestock production in the management accounting system, the expansion of the concept of «costs», methods of accounting for livestock costs and the main points of cost accounting in production.The production of competitive products and ensuring a stable position of enterprises in the agricultural market requires a change in the cost of livestock products by creating a perfect management accounting system that allows internal users to provide information for effective management.It is noted that in theory and practice there are a number of features of the classification of costs, which take into account various aspects of the agricultural enterprise and form a variety of information for effective management decisions. Thus, experience and research show that the organization of management accounting within a particular agricultural enterprise, focused on meeting the specific information needs of the management system, will ensure its success in dynamic economic conditions and help solve a wide range of problems to optimize livestock production costs.Conclusion. Based on the study, it can be stated that the improvement of the diversification mechanism should be defined as a set of methods and forms of management activities aimed at identifying and rational use of the most profitable opportunities to achieve the goals. The management system of production diversification includes methods and procedures of analysis, planning and control, as well as feedback, which allows to improve the quality of management decisions.Further research has been formed on the formation of a system of accounting for the cost of livestock products, capable of generating information flows for management decisions, which requires a sound approach to determining the objects of accounting and costing, establishing their relationship and interdependence.

Diversity of Antimicrobial Peptides in Three Partially Sympatric Frog Species in Northeast Asia and Implications for Evolution

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient molecules that play an essential role in innate immunity across taxa from invertebrates to vertebrates. The evolution system of AMP system has not been well explained in the literature. In this study, we cloned and sequenced AMP transcriptomes of three frog species, namely Rana dybowskii, Rana amurensis, and Pelophylax nigromaculatus, which are partially sympatric in northeast Asia, but show different habitat preferences. We found that each species contained 7 to 14 families of AMPs and the diversity was higher in species with a large geographic range and greater habitat variation. All AMPs are phylogenetically related but not associated with the speciation process. Most AMP genes were under negative selection. We propose that the diversification and addition of novel functions and improvement of antimicrobial efficiency are facilitated by the expansion of family members and numbers. We also documented significant negative correlation of net charges and numbers of amino acid residues between the propiece and mature peptide segments. This supports the Net Charge Balance Hypothesis. We propose the Cut Point Sliding Hypothesis as a novel diversification mechanism to explain the correlation in lengths of the two segments.

Kuzbass: structural factors of regional dynamics

The article on the basis of the method of structural shifts analyzed the dynamics and structural transformations of employment and production of gross value added (GVA) in the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass. The authors attempted a quantitative analysis of the contribution of structural factors to economic dynamics, as well as an assessment of trends in diversification of region production. The basis for the calculations was compiled by state statistics for 2007-2018. It was shown that during this period regional employment dynamics were determined mainly by regional factors, whose contribution to the growth of this indicator turned out to be negative. In turn, the dynamics of GVA production was due to a complex of national trends and regional factors, whose influence was multi-directional (the positive effect of macroeconomic conditions and the negative contribution of the regional component). The contribution of structural shifts to the growth of the GVA was negative and insignificant, and the reduction in the number of employees in Kuzbass took place with an almost unchanged structure. To date, in the Kemerovo region, using a diversification mechanism, it has not been possible to create an economy structure resistant to internal and external shocks: coal mining remains the fundamental basis of the region's economy. All this gives reason to state that the structure of the economy that was formed in Soviet times, and the features "inherited" by it since then, continue to determine the dynamics of the development of Kuzbass and serve as a strategic challenge for the region.

DIVERSIFICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE AREA OF DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES OF ECONOMY AND OBJECT OF ACCOUNTING

The essence of diversification and its directions is investigated in the article. Significance of external and internal effects of diversification, their interdependence is proved. The basic approaches to diversification of activity of economic entities are determined, causality of the diversification mechanism is established. The main types of diversification are highlighted and the classification of diversification according to its directions, methods and purpose for accounting and analytical purposes is proposed. The accounting and analytical goals of diversification implementation are investigated and their relationship with its strategy and processes is determined. The social results of the implementation of diversification processes at the enterprises for the society are determined and the achievement of the social effect of the diversification of the activity of the enterprises is substantiated. It is proved that the classification features and types of diversification highlighted in the article have the greatest influence on the organization of accounting of the enterprise and information support of the management personnel, who chose the diversification strategy of development. Diversification factors have been formulated. It is emphasized that the goal of diversification determines the result they seek to obtain in the course of diversification, and accordingly influences the composition of indicators that must be analyzed in order to determine whether the goal has been achieved, ie to determine the effectiveness of diversification processes. The role of diversification in the economic activity of the enterprise is determined. The classification features of diversification processes have been systematized. It is proved that diversification of business entities is a universal instrument of risk management, stabilization of financial stability and improvement of profitability indicators, and its use provides an opportunity to formulate long-term competitive advantages, attract investment capital and introduce innovative processes.

Estimating the Impact of Crop Diversification on Economic Growth in India: A Quantitative Assessment

Though agriculture is the mainstay in India, it accounts only 14 percent sectoral share in GDP. This is mainly because of low productivity and income generation capacity of agriculture. In this regard, crop diversification can act as a mechanism to eliminate this dilemma. It not only will increase the agricultural productivity but also will accelerate the income generation capacity. In this study we have investigated the impact of crop diversification on economic growth in India since 1988. The study is completely based on secondary data. In order to investigate the impact of crop diversification on economic growth, we have estimated Granger causality test based on vector error correction model setting. The results reveal that in India, there is no causality running from crop diversification to economic growth in the short-run. However, in the long-run crop diversification causes economic growth in India and the nature of cause is positive. Finally, the study concludes that suitable policies should be adopted to encourage the farmer to adopt the crop diversification mechanism. This will ultimately accelerate economic growth of the nation through increased income and employment in agriculture and reduction in poverty of the nation.

Análisis documental de los FIBRAS y su operacionalización en México (Mexican REIT analysis and the Mexican operationalization)

In this documental research work they are presented as the origin of fideicomisos de infraestructura y bienes raíces or FIBRA, the development of this type of investment instruments in the world, as well as the legal and fiscal structure of the FIBRA in Mexico. For this, the Real Estate Investment Trust or REITs are presented, which are an investment mechanism that finance large real estate not only in America, but throughout the world. This allows the public money market to participate in these investments, although in their history they have presented different risks and yields due to the legal framework of their countries of origin. In Mexico, the legal structure of the FIBRA is very robust and similar to that of the USA. One of the engines of these instruments is the tax exemption they offer; for this reason, the case of Spain has not awakened, it still does not motivate the interest of the market insofar as it does not offer these tax benefits. There is a great appetite all over the world for these instruments. The big question will be to what extent are viable options to use them as a diversification mechanism in order to decrease risk or increase performance.Key words: alternatives on investment, financial performance, financial portfolios, Mexican REIT, MTPJEL: G400, G110 & G150. Resumen. En este trabajo de investigación documental se presentan como el origen de los fideicomisos de infraestructura y bienes raíces o FIBRA, el desarrollo de este tipo de instrumentos de inversión en el mundo, además de la estructura legal y fiscal de los FIBRA en México. Para ello se presentan los Real Estate Investment Trust o REITs que son un mecanismo de inversión que financian grandes propiedades inmobiliarias no sólo en América, sino en todo el mundo. Esto permite que el mercado de dinero público participe en estas inversiones, aunque en su historia han presentado diferentes riesgos y rendimientos debido al marco legal de sus países de origen. En México, la estructura legal de los FIBRA es muy robusta y parecida a la de EUA. Uno de los motores de estos instrumentos es la exención fiscal que ofrecen; por ello, el caso de España no han funcionado estos instrumentos y siguen sin motivar el interés del mercado en la medida en que no ofrece estos beneficios fiscales. Existe un gran apetito en todo el mundo por estos instrumentos. La gran pregunta será hasta qué punto son opciones viables para usarlos como mecanismo de diversificación a fin de disminuir el riesgo o aumentar el rendimiento.Palabras clave: alternativas de inversión, desempeño financiero, FIBRA, portafolio financiero, TPM