Deep Learning Techniques for Biomedical Image Analysis in Healthcare

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Sivakami A. ◽  
Balamurugan K. S. ◽  
Bagyalakshmi Shanmugam ◽  
Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Visual Problems

Biomedical image analysis is very relevant to public health and welfare. Deep learning is quickly growing and has shown enhanced performance in medical applications. It has also been widely extended in academia and industry. The utilization of various deep learning methods on medical imaging endeavours to create systems that can help in the identification of disease and the automation of interpreting biomedical images to help treatment planning. New advancements in machine learning are primarily about deep learning employed for identifying, classifying, and quantifying patterns in images in the medical field. Deep learning, a more precise convolutional neural network has given excellent performance over machine learning in solving visual problems. This chapter summarizes a review of different deep learning techniques used and how they are applied in medical image interpretation and future directions.

Deep Learning Models for Biomedical Image Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
Bo Ji ◽  
Wenlu Zhang ◽  
Rongjian Li ◽  
Hao Ji
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Deep Feature Extraction

Biomedical image analysis has become critically important to the public health and welfare. However, analyzing biomedical images is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and has long been performed manually by highly trained human experts. As a result, there has been an increasing interest in applying machine learning to automate biomedical image analysis. Recent progress in deep learning research has catalyzed the development of machine learning in learning discriminative features from data with minimum human intervention. Many deep learning models have been designed and achieved superior performance in various data analysis applications. This chapter starts with the basic of deep learning models and some practical strategies for handling biomedical image applications with limited data. After that, case studies of deep feature extraction for gene expression pattern image annotations, imaging data completion for brain disease diagnosis, and segmentation of infant brain tissue images are discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning in biomedical image analysis.

From Biomedical Image Analysis to Biomedical Image Understanding Using Machine Learning

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Romero ◽  
Fabio González
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Image Navigation ◽  
Assisted Diagnosis ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

This chapter introduces the reader into the main topics covered by the book: biomedical images, biomedical image analysis and machine learning. The general concepts of each topic are presented and the most representative techniques are briefly discussed. Nevertheless, the chapter focuses on the problem of image understanding (i.e., the problem of mapping the low-level image visual content to its high-level semantic meaning). The chapter discusses different important biomedical problems, such as computer assisted diagnosis, biomedical image retrieval, image-user interaction and medical image navigation, which require solutions involving image understanding. Image understanding, thought of as the strategy to associate semantic meaning to the image visual contents, is a difficult problem that opens up many research challenges. In the context of actual biomedical problems, this is probably an invaluable tool for improving the amount of knowledge that medical doctors are currently extracting from their day-to-day work. Finally, the chapter explores some general ideas that may guide the future research in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Risk of Recurrence in Patients with Local Advanced Rectal Tumours by Different Radiomic Analysis Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alaa Khadidos ◽  
Adil Khadidos ◽  
Olfat M. Mirza ◽  
Tawfiq Hasanin ◽  
Wegayehu Enbeyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Analysis Models

The word radiomics, like all domains of type omics, assumes the existence of a large amount of data. Using artificial intelligence, in particular, different machine learning techniques, is a necessary step for better data exploitation. Classically, researchers in this field of radiomics have used conventional machine learning techniques (random forest, for example). More recently, deep learning, a subdomain of machine learning, has emerged. Its applications are increasing, and the results obtained so far have demonstrated their remarkable effectiveness. Several previous studies have explored the potential applications of radiomics in colorectal cancer. These potential applications can be grouped into several categories like evaluation of the reproducibility of texture data, prediction of response to treatment, prediction of the occurrence of metastases, and prediction of survival. Few studies, however, have explored the potential of radiomics in predicting recurrence-free survival. In this study, we evaluated and compared six conventional learning models and a deep learning model, based on MRI textural analysis of patients with locally advanced rectal tumours, correlated with the risk of recidivism; in traditional learning, we compared 2D image analysis models vs. 3D image analysis models, models based on a textural analysis of the tumour versus models taking into account the peritumoural environment in addition to the tumour itself. In deep learning, we built a 16-layer convolutional neural network model, driven by a 2D MRI image database comprising both the native images and the bounding box corresponding to each image.

From Biomedical Image Analysis to Biomedical Image Understanding Using Machine Learning

2012 ◽  
pp. 2010-2034
Author(s):  
Eduardo Romero ◽  
Fabio González
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Understanding ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Image Navigation ◽  
Assisted Diagnosis ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

This chapter introduces the reader into the main topics covered by the book: biomedical images, biomedical image analysis and machine learning. The general concepts of each topic are presented and the most representative techniques are briefly discussed. Nevertheless, the chapter focuses on the problem of image understanding (i.e., the problem of mapping the low-level image visual content to its high-level semantic meaning). The chapter discusses different important biomedical problems, such as computer assisted diagnosis, biomedical image retrieval, image-user interaction and medical image navigation, which require solutions involving image understanding. Image understanding, thought of as the strategy to associate semantic meaning to the image visual contents, is a difficult problem that opens up many research challenges. In the context of actual biomedical problems, this is probably an invaluable tool for improving the amount of knowledge that medical doctors are currently extracting from their day-to-day work. Finally, the chapter explores some general ideas that may guide the future research in the field.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Techniques used for the Histopathological Image Analysis of Oral Cancer-A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Santisudha Panigrahi ◽  
Tripti Swarnkar
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Histopathological Image ◽  
Histopathological Images ◽  
Histopathological Image Analysis

Oral diseases are the 6th most revealed malignancy happening in head and neck regions found mainly in south Asian countries. It is the most common cancer with fourteen deaths in an hour on a yearly basis, as per the WHO oral cancer incidence in India. Due to the cost of tests, mistakes in the recognition procedure, and the enormous remaining task at hand of the cytopathologist, oral growths cannot be diagnosed promptly. This area is open to be looked into by biomedical analysts to identify it at an early stage. At present, with the advent of entire slide computerized scanners and tissue histopathology, there is a gigantic aggregation of advanced digital histopathological images, which has prompted the necessity for their analysis. A lot of computer aided analysis techniques have been developed by utilizing machine learning strategies for prediction and prognosis of cancer. In this review paper, first various steps of obtaining histopathological images, followed by the visualization and classification done by the doctors are discussed. As machine learning techniques are well known, in the second part of this review, the works done for histopathological image analysis as well as other oral datasets using these strategies for growth prognosis and anticipation are discussed. Comparing the pitfalls of machine learning and how it has overcome by deep learning mostly for image recognition tasks are also discussed subsequently. The third part of the manuscript describes how deep learning is beneficial and widely used in different cancer domains. Due to the remarkable growth of deep learning and wide applicability, it is best suited for the prognosis of oral disease. The aim of this review is to provide insight to the researchers opting to work for oral cancer by implementing deep learning and artificial neural networks.

Deep learning in biomedical image analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjeong Kim ◽  
Chenggang Yan ◽  
Defu Yang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Junbo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Biomedical Image Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Image

scholarly journals Survey of Machine Learning Applications of Convolutional Neural Networks to Medical Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1186-1196
Author(s):  
Dr. K. Naveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Recently, a machine learning (ML) area called deep learning emerged in the computer-vision field and became very popular in many fields. It started from an event in late 2012, when a deep-learning approach based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) won an overwhelming victory in the best-known worldwide computer vision competition, ImageNet Classification. Since then, researchers in many fields, including medical image analysis, have started actively participating in the explosively growing field of deep learning. In this paper, deep learning techniques and their applications to medical image analysis are surveyed. This survey overviewed 1) standard ML techniques in the computer-vision field, 2) what has changed in ML before and after the introduction of deep learning, 3) ML models in deep learning, and 4) applications of deep learning to medical image analysis. The comparisons between MLs before and after deep learning revealed that ML with feature input (or feature-based ML) was dominant before the introduction of deep learning, and that the major and essential difference between ML before and after deep learning is learning image data directly without object segmentation or feature extraction; thus, it is the source of the power of deep learning, although the depth of the model is an important attribute. The survey of deep learningalso revealed that there is a long history of deep-learning techniques in the class of ML with image input, except a new term, “deep learning”. “Deep learning” even before the term existed, namely, the class of ML with image input was applied to various problems in medical image analysis including classification between lesions and nonlesions, classification between lesion types, segmentation of lesions or organs, and detection of lesions. ML with image input including deep learning is a verypowerful, versatile technology with higher performance, which can bring the current state-ofthe-art performance level of medical image analysis to the next level, and it is expected that deep learning will be the mainstream technology in medical image analysis in the next few decades. “Deep learning”, or ML with image input, in medical image analysis is an explosively growing, promising field. It is expected that ML with image input will be the mainstream area in the field of medical image analysis in the next few decades. Keywords: Deep learning, Convolutional neural network, Massive-training artificial neural network, Computer-aided diagnosis, Medical image analysis, Classification (key words)

scholarly journals A Tour of Unsupervised Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Nripendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Deep Boltzmann Machine ◽  
Unsupervised Deep Learning

Background: Interpretation of medical images for the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases from high-dimensional and heterogeneous data remains a key challenge in transforming healthcare. In the last few years, both supervised and unsupervised deep learning achieved promising results in the area of medical image analysis. Several reviews on supervised deep learning are published, but hardly any rigorous review on unsupervised deep learning for medical image analysis is available. Objectives: The objective of this review is to systematically present various unsupervised deep learning models, tools, and benchmark datasets applied to medical image analysis. Some of the discussed models are autoencoders and its other variants, Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM), Deep belief networks (DBN), Deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), and Generative adversarial network (GAN). Further, future research opportunities and challenges of unsupervised deep learning techniques for medical image analysis are also discussed. Conclusion: Currently, interpretation of medical images for diagnostic purposes is usually performed by human experts that may be replaced by computer-aided diagnosis due to advancement in machine learning techniques, including deep learning, and the availability of cheap computing infrastructure through cloud computing. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches are widely applied in medical image analysis, each of them having certain pros and cons. Since human supervisions are not always available or inadequate or biased, therefore, unsupervised learning algorithms give a big hope with lots of advantages for biomedical image analysis.

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