What Made Them Leave?

Author(s):  
Madalina Armie

Almost coinciding with the prosperity of the Celtic Tiger economic story of success, recent decades have witnessed how politicians, scholars, and writers started to vindicate the contributions of the Irish diaspora and, by extension, those of Irish emigrant women in the construction of Mother Ireland. The chapter attempts to illustrate how the contemporary Irish short story written during these years was depicting disheartening or happy-ending stories about emigration, exile, and return, being at times regressive in its outlooks, and at times setting the stories of their heroines in the here and now. Here, due to the readings of these creative works, a more nuanced picture of Irish women's emigration is offered and this goes beyond the conceptualizations of those women who left the Irish shores as vulnerable, ignorant, poor, pregnant, or sexually deviant, while the phenomenon of immigration itself is understood in relation to variables such as class, age, education, nationality, and religion.

Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Kulakevych ◽  

In the present paper a short story written by I. Dniprovsky's is analyzed. In accordance with the action canon, the main character has to find his beloved in the shortest possible time so that they could catch the train and escape from the enemy. In the twists and turns of the story the archetypal plot of lovers’ escape / rescue from the monster can be traced. It descends from folk tales and legends where a young man sacrifices himself for the sake of his beloved. By analogy with receptions in tense feature films (thrillers, horror films, catastrophes), the single-line plot «For Her sake» consists of annoyingly insidious concourse of circumstances. They create the feeling as if the whole world, even the closest people and character’s personal belongings, want to thwart his rescue. It is emphasized that, similar to the techniques in the action movies, a linear storyline in the short story consists of the treacherously irritating coincidences. However, while an action-adventure meta-genre normally has a happy ending, in the present short story the ending is more appropriate for a novella: the Bolsheviks shoot the hero as a deserter. It is established that the defining feature of the story is the lack of description of the characters’ appearances and their speech is reduced to minimum, which was a general feature of silent film scripts. A tense atmosphere of anxiety and fear is created through the acoustic and visual micro-images with the semantics of panic and horror. The gloomy urban landscapes, the hostility of the world and the sense of the fatal doom of the heroes refer to the German expressionist cinema of the early XX century. It is revealed that the story never mentions the struggle of ideologies or the enemy who seeks to seize Petro's native land. The enemy appears as an invisible and terrifying force, an element that creates chaos and makes it difficult to maintain human dignity. The key to understanding of this on border crazy motivation of the main character is the archetypal theory of C. G. Jung. In the story of I. Dniprovsky, a brave soldier (Persona Petra) in attempt to save himself together with Hanka (Anima), subconsciously seeks to save his Self-Identity. Moreover, a Wise Old Man (Hanka's father) and a Big Mother with a Child are present in the story as well. However, none of them is helpful to Petro and does not encourage the latter to make any attempts for escape. According to the artistic concept of the short story, when escaping from death, a person experiences tremendous stress, which breaks his psyche, so in a borderline situation collective experience fails, everyone tries to save himself. It is emphasized that the story's ending is unexpected: the hero finds himself in the city again, however, he is now in the status of unidentified enemy, whom he tried to escape and now he dies at the hands of the redhead leader.


1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377
Author(s):  
Johanna Shapiro ◽  
David Kim
Keyword(s):  

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Howard ◽  
A. Chaiwutikornwanich

This study combined an individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility (IS) with ERP recordings to examine two alternative hypotheses regarding the source of individual differences in IS: (1) differences in attention to task-relevant vis-à-vis task-irrelevant stimuli, and (2) differences in one or more memory processes, indexed by ERP old/new effects. Sixty-five female participants underwent an ERP recording during the 50 min interval between immediate and delayed recall of a short story. ERPs elicited by pictures that either related to the story (“old”), or did not relate to the story (“new”), were recorded using a three-stimulus visual oddball paradigm. ERP old/new effects were examined at selected scalp regions of interest at three post-stimulus intervals: early (250-350 ms), middle (350-700 ms), and late (700-1100 ms). In addition, attention-related ERP components (N1, P2, N2, and P3) evoked by story-relevant pictures, story-irrelevant pictures, and irrelevant distractors were measured from midline electrodes. Late (700-1100 ms) frontal ERP old/new differences reflected individual differences in IS, while early (250-350 ms) and middle latency (350-700 ms) ERP old/new differences distinguished good from poor performers in memory and oddball tasks, respectively. Differences in IS were not reflected in ERP indices of attention. Results supported an account of IS as reflecting individual differences in postretrieval memory processes.


This research article highlights the temperament, inference, scope, and motives of code-mixing in Pakistani English works. One novel from Pakistani English novels namely, An American Brat by Bapsi Sidhwa, and one short story namely, The Escape by Qaisra Shehraz are being selected as an illustration of this reading. In this novel and short story, the writers have already dealt with the characteristics of postcolonialism. English language and literature pierced into the privileged civilizations of the sub-continent, after the end of British Imperialism. Pakistani writers in English are the best interpreter of the post-colonial communal language. In this study, I have hit upon code-mixing in English works written by Pakistani authors to a bigger echelon. These works are paragons of arts and the unbelievable mixture of rhetorical and fictitious study. In these works, the writers have not abased the confined diversities. They have tinted the value of Pakistani English in order to achieve the chatty desires of native people. These borrowings from the native languages are used to fill the lexical fissures of ideological thoughts. The reason of these borrowings is not to represent the English as a substandard assortment. Through the utilization of native words, we conclude that the significance of native languages has been tinted to question mark the dialect as well. The words of daily use also have an area of research for English people without having any substitute in English. That’s why in English literature innovative practices and ideas of code-mixing have been employed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125
Author(s):  
Omama Tanvir ◽  
Nazish Amir

The aim of this research is to apply deconstructive approach to a short story. For this purpose Daniyal Mueenuddin’s short story “Saleema” is selected and analyzed. Through deconstruction the feminist reading of the story is dismantled and the power dynamics of the patriarchal Pakistani society are subverted. The research is anchored in Derrida’s concept of unreliability of language and Cuddon’s idea of reversal of binary oppositions. The paper finds that the protagonist Saleema is not as weak and oppressed as she is perceived to be, rather she is a resilient, independent woman who uses any means possible to get what she wants. The power and authority reside with her and not with any male character. The study is purely qualitative and exploratory in nature.


This research article highlights the temperament, inference, scope, and motives of code-mixing in Pakistani English works. One novel from Pakistani English novels namely, An American Brat by Bapsi Sidhwa, and one short story namely, The Escape by Qaisra Shehraz are being selected as an illustration of this reading. In this novel and short story, the writers have already dealt with the characteristics of postcolonialism. English language and literature pierced into the privileged civilizations of the sub-continent, after the end of British Imperialism. Pakistani writers in English are the best interpreter of the post-colonial communal language. In this study, I have hit upon code-mixing in English works written by Pakistani authors to a bigger echelon. These works are paragons of arts and the unbelievable mixture of rhetorical and fictitious study. In these works, the writers have not abased the confined diversities. They have tinted the value of Pakistani English in order to achieve the chatty desires of native people. These borrowings from the native languages are used to fill the lexical fissures of ideological thoughts. The reason for these borrowings is not to represent the English as a substandard assortment. Through the utilization of native words, we conclude that the significance of native languages has been tinted to question mark the dialect as well. The words of daily use also have an area of research for English people without having any substitute in English. That’s why in English literature innovative practices and ideas of code-mixing have been employed.


The aim of this research is to apply a deconstructive approach to a short story. For this purpose, Daniyal Mueenuddin’s short story “Saleema” is selected and analyzed. Through deconstruction, the feminist reading of the story is dismantled and the power dynamics of the patriarchal Pakistani society are subverted. The research is anchored in Derrida’s concept of the unreliability of language and Cuddon’s idea of reversal of binary oppositions. The paper finds that the protagonist Saleema is not as weak and oppressed as she is perceived to be, rather she is a resilient, independent woman who uses any means possible to get what she wants. The power and authority reside with her and not with any male character. The study is purely qualitative and exploratory in nature. Keywords: Deconstruction, Post-structuralism, Feminism, Daniyal Mueenuddin, In Other Rooms, Other Wonders, Saleema


2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Williams

This paper sets out a series of critical contrasts between Alain Badiou and Gilles Deleuze's philosophies of the event. It does so in the context of some likely objections to their positions from a broadly analytic position. These objections concern problems of individuation and location in space-time. The paper also explains Deleuze and Badiou's views on the event through a literary application on a short story by John Cheever. In conclusion it is argued that both thinkers have good answers to the objections, but that they diverge on the ontological commitments of their definitions of the event.


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