Role of Bacterial Chromate Reductase in Bioremediation of Chromium-Containing Wastes

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-96
Author(s):  
Satarupa Dey
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Flavin Reductase ◽  
Chromate Reductase ◽  
Iron Reductase

Chromium toxicity is a major environmental concern as it is the chief environmental pollutant released by paint, stainless steel, and mining industries. In nature, chromium exists in two stable valance states: Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Cr(VI) is highly toxic and soluble at neutral pH, whereas Cr(III) is insoluble at normal pH and is less toxic. Thus, it is essential to draw strategies for mitigation of Cr(VI), and microbial reduction of toxic Cr(VI) has been identified as a bioremediation technique not only to detoxify chromium but also to recover the non-toxic Cr(III) by physical means. Chromate reductase, the central enzyme involved in bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) may be both intracellular as well as extracellular in nature. Most of the chromate reductase enzyme belongs to the oxidoreductase group such as nitroreductase, iron reductase, quinone reductase, hydrogenase, flavin reductase, as well as NAD(P)H-dependent reductase. Detailed analysis of the structure of the enzymes will help us in the suitable application of these enzymes in bioremediation of metal-contaminated wastes.

Everyday Products

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Segal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hard Candy

Chapter 12 describes material aspects of everyday products. For example, the role of nanoparticles in sunscreens. It also covers surfactants and their role in micelles in washing-up liquids. The role of nanotechnology in cosmetics is stressed. The surprising use of hydrogels in disposable nappies (diapers) and the role of microstructure in sweets such as hard candy (boiled sweets) are described. Other everyday products include breathable garments, stainless steel and acrylic textiles.

scholarly journals Contradictory Conservation: The Role of Leadership in Shaping Energy Efficiency Culture in Urban Residential Cooperative Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 648
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Board Member ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Strong Energy ◽  
Informal Leaders

In addition to formalized leadership roles within organizations, leadership can also influence members through informal channels. This work argues that multifamily residential buildings can be viewed as organizations and, as such, explores the influence that informal leaders can wield in shaping culture around the motivation for conserving energy. This work draws on qualitative fieldwork conducted in a Brooklyn cooperative building. Findings indicate that the study building benefitted from the leadership of a long-standing board member, which contributed to the implementation of a number of energy efficiency initiatives. Interestingly, this leadership also led to a culture of cost efficiency over environmental concern as the motivating force behind these initiatives. This narrative was well disseminated, with most residents reporting that the building does not have a culture of conservation, despite a strong energy efficiency leaning. Thus, this work posits that leadership can greatly shape perception and culture around energy but can also be leveraged to craft a more environmentally-motivated conservation culture. It also argues that leadership can be complementary to decentralized organizational structures, and that creative mechanisms in residential buildings can capitalize on both, allowing members at all levels of the organization more influence in shaping the building’s culture.

The role of deformation mechanisms in flow localization of 316L stainless steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 356 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianglin Wu ◽  
Xiao Pan ◽  
James C. Mabon ◽  
Meimei Li ◽  
James F. Stubbins
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Flow Localization

Factors that Impede or Facilitate Post-Conflict Justice Mechanisms?

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn L. Rothe ◽  
Scott Maggard
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Testing ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Post Conflict

This article provides an overview of post-conflict justice (PCJ) as well as a detailed analysis of factors that impede or facilitate the implementation of mechanisms to address the atrocities of a conflict. Grounded in an extensive new dataset, developed over the past three years, covering all conflicts in Africa between 1946 and 2009, we extend previous research by including empirical testing of previously untested assumptions and variables impacting PCJ, most notably, the role of power, politics, economics, and geo-strategic interests at the state and international political levels as well as combining previously tested variables amongst and between each other. Further, the aspects of PCJ, including conflicts where mechanisms were not deployed are included in the analysis along with those coded as symbolic in nature. We conclude by discussing the pragmatic issues associated with testing the concept of realpolitik and policy implications based on our analysis.

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