Traversable wormhole in logarithmic f(R) gravity by various shape and redshift functions

In this paper, we study the traversable wormhole solutions for a logarithmic corrected [Formula: see text] model by considering two different statements of shape [Formula: see text] and redshift [Formula: see text] functions. We calculate the parameters of the model including energy density [Formula: see text], tangential pressure [Formula: see text] and radial pressure [Formula: see text] for the corresponding forms of the functions. Then, we investigate different energy conditions such as null energy condition, weak energy condition, dominant energy condition and strong energy condition for our considered cases. Finally, we explain the satisfactory conditions of energy of the models by related plots.

Constraining the number of horizons with energy conditions

We show that the number of horizons of static black holes can be strongly constrained by energy conditions of matter fields. After a careful clarification on the ``interior'' of a black hole, we prove that if the interior of a static black hole satisfies strong energy condition or null energy condition, there is at most one non-degenerated inner Killing horizon behind the non-degenerated event horizon. Our result offers some universal restrictions on the number of horizons. Interestingly and importantly, it also suggests that matter not only promotes the formation of event horizon but also prevents the appearance of multiple horizons inside black holes. Furthermore, using the geometrical construction, we obtain a radially conserved quantity which is valid for general static spacetimes.

First-order formalism for thick branes in $$f(T,{\mathscr {T}})$$ gravity

In this paper we study the thick brane scenario constructed in the recently proposed $$f(T,{\mathscr {T}})$$ f ( T , T ) theories of gravity, where T is called the torsion scalar and $${\mathscr {T}}$$ T is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor. We use the first-order formalism to find analytical solutions for models that include a scalar field as a source. In particular, we describe two interesting case in which in the first we obtain a double-kink solution, which generates a splitting in the brane. In the second case, proper management of a kink solution obtained generates a splitting in the brane intensified by the torsion parameter, evinced by the energy density components satisfying the weak and strong energy conditions. In addition, we investigate the behavior of the gravitational perturbations in this scenario. The parameters that control the torsion and the trace of the energy–momentum tensor tend to shift the massive modes to the core of the brane, keeping a gapless non-localizable and stable tower of massive modes and producing more localized massless modes.

Observational Evidence of Magnetic Reconnection in the Terrestrial Foreshock Region

Electron heating/acceleration in the foreshock, by which electrons may be energized beyond thermal energies prior to encountering the bow shock, is very important for the bow shock dynamics. And then these electrons would be more easily injected into a process like diffusive shock acceleration. Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain electrons heating/acceleration in the foreshock. Magnetic reconnection is one possible candidate. Taking advantage of the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, we present two magnetic reconnection events in the dawnside and duskside ion foreshock region, respectively. Super-Alfvénic electron outflow, demagnetization of the electrons and the ions, and crescent electron distributions in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field are observed in the sub-ion-scale current sheets. Moreover, strong energy conversion from the fields to the plasmas and significant electron temperature enhancement are observed. Our observations provide direct evidence that magnetic reconnection could occur in the foreshock region and heat/accelerate the electrons therein.

Comparative Proteome Analysis Revealed the Differences in Response to both M.tb and Mb Infection of Bovine Alveolar Macrophages

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and MB (Mycobacterium bovis) infection, is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in the world. During MTB and MB infection, they interact closely with the host alveolar macrophages. However, the mechanisms of MTB/MB and infection of macrophages are still unknown. At Present, in our study, MTB/MB-infected macrophages were analyzed by in-depth comparative proteome analysis. We identified that macrophages were more easily infected with MB than MTB. Both pathogens could induce strong energy metabolism of macrophages. A bunch of proteins and signaling pathways, which involved in autophagy-or inflammatory-related progress, were significantly activated following MB-infected macrophages. In addition, proteins relative with energy metabolisms were highly expressed following MTB-infected macrophages. In summary, we proposed that macrophages could employ autophagy- and inflammatory-related signal pathway to avoid the MB infection. Our study provided a novel insight into the different mechanisms between the MTB and MB during the infected process.

The folk-art center as a phenomenon of ethnic artistic tradition

The research of folk-art centers is based on the materials of the ethnic artistic tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor. The folk-art center is presented as a unique place with a strong energy field. In such places, several artistic traditions are often born and developed. The birth of each new artistic tradition is always associated with the need for works of art as in the means for the realization of socially significant functions. In particular, the artistic practices within the tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor have always been an effective means of ethnic self-identification. During the 1950s–1970s, the tradition of the Ukrainian folk costume beaded decor had been in the phase of extinction (reverberation), thus a significant part of knowledge had been lost. Nowadays, in the context of globalization, this tradition faces new challenges, such as the danger of cultural unification. The joint annual meetings of amateur and professional folk artists, organized on the basis of the traditional folk-art centers could become an effective means for the preservation and revival of the unique nature of such centers. An important condition for the success of such measures must be the participation as curators of the professional researchers of folk art, knowledgeable of local traditions.

A new shape function and some specific wormhole solutions in braneworld scenario

Considering an energy density of the form [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary positive constant with dimension of energy density and [Formula: see text]), a shape function is obtained by using field equations of braneworld gravity theory in this paper. Under isotropic scenario wormhole solutions are obtained considering six different redshift functions along with the obtained new shape function. For anisotropic case, wormhole solutions are obtained under the consideration of five different shape functions along with the redshift function [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary constant. In each case all energy conditions are examined and it is found that for some cases all energy conditions are satisfied in the vicinity of the wormhole throat and for the rest of the cases all energy conditions are satisfied except strong energy condition.

Comparative proteome analysis revealed the differences in responses of bovine alveolar macrophages to both M.tb and Mb infection

Bovine tuberculosis, caused by both MTB(Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and MB(Mycobacterium bovis), is one of the most serious zoonotic diseases in the world. Both pathogenic MTB and MB interact closely with the host alveolar macrophages. However, the mechanisms of defense response of macrophages to MTB or MB still need further researches. Presently, in-depth comparative proteome analysis was performed on the MB- and MTB- infected macrophage. We identified that macrophages was more sensitive to the MB infection. Both pathogens could induce strong energy metabolism of macrophages. To eliminate MB and protect the host, a bunch of proteins and signaling which involved in autophagy- and inflammatory-related progresses were highly activated in macrophages following MB infection. In contrast, only proteins relevant to energy metabolisms were highly expressed in macrophages following MTB infection. In summary, we proposed that macrophages were more sensitive to MB attacks and could deployed proteins functioned in autophagy- and inflammatory-related progresses to protect the host. Our research provide a novel insight into the different mechanisms of defense responses of macrophages to both MTB and MB infection.