Trends in Terminology

2022 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Concepts

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze and review trends in digital terminology. The chapter begins by examining the origins of computerization in the United States during the 19th and 20th centuries. Next, the chapter examines the key concepts punch cards and computer science. The chapter then discusses how the term computer science is misleading. This is followed by a discussion of how information technology became the most popular term in the US. The chapter then switches focus to Europe and discusses France's promotion of informatique as well as Europe's switch from informatics to ICT. Next, the chapter considers how the internet has given rise to terms like e-commerce. The chapter concludes by considering the transition from ICT to digital informing and informing technology.

Information Technology and Administrative Reform

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Kraemer ◽  
John Leslie King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Mainframe Computer

This article examines the theoretical ideal of information technology as an instrument of administrative reform and examines the extent to which that ideal has been achieved in the United States. It takes a look at the findings from research about the use and impacts of information technology from the time of the mainframe computer through the PC revolution to the current era of the Internet and e-government. It then concludes that information technology has never been an instrument of administrative reform; rather, it has been used to reinforce existing administrative and political arrangements. It assesses why this is the case and draws conclusions about what should be expected with future applications of information technologies—in the time after e-government. It concludes with a discussion of the early evidence about newer applications for automated service delivery, 24/7 e-government, and e-democracy.

Gender, Race, Social Class and Information Technology

2009 ◽  
pp. 1729-1735
Author(s):  
Myungsook Klassen ◽  
Russell Stockard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Technology Positions

The issue of the underrepresentation of women in the information technology workforce has been the subject of a number of studies and the gender gap was an issue when the digital divide dominated discourse about women’s and minority groups’ use of the Internet However, a broader view is needed. That perspective would include the relation of women and IT in the communities in which they live as well as the larger society. The information society that has emerged includes the United States and the globalized economy of which it is an integral part. Women and minorities such as African Americans and Latinos are underrepresented in computer science (CS) and other information technology positions in the United States. In addition, while they areno longer numerically underrepresented in access to computers and the Internet – as of 2000, (Gorski, 2001) - they continue to enjoy fewer benefits available through the medium than white boys and men. The following article explores the diversity within women from the perspectives of race, ethnicity and social class in North America, mainly United States. The technology gender and racial gap persists in education and in the IT workforce. A broader and deeper look at women’s position in relation to the increasingly techno-centric society reveals that women may have reached equality in access, but not equity in academic study and job opportunities.

Bioinformatics Patents - The Challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujita Ravindra Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
European Union ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technology Research ◽  
The Us ◽  
Software Patents ◽  
Research Tools

This paper examines the problems and complexities created by the patent regime as well as challenges posed by accommodating new technologies like bioinformatics in its traditional patent framework. It examines and analyses the standards of biotechnology and software patents followed in the US, EU and India based on judicial precedents and its implications on bioinformatics patents, analyses bioinformatics patents granted in the United States and European Union and examines the  Indian Patent Manual and the patentability standards followed in India.Keywords: Bioinformatics, Patents, Information Technology, research tools, biotechnology and software patents, Intellectual Property Rights. 

scholarly journals Anomalies in the US Cyberbullying Jurisprudence

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Pongó
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

This article focused on US case law and analyzed the evolution of students’ freedom of speech from 1969 to this date in the US. Therefore, it briefly introduced the tests and doctrines, which were created in the landmark cases of the Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS), noting that these cases were dealing with offline, on-campus situations and their determinations are not necessarily fully applicable to situations we might experience today. Nevertheless, the tests and doctrines, which were created in SCOTUS landmark decisions, are still in force and every cyberbullying judgment is still based on them even in the era of the Internet. Taking into consideration that the world has changed since these tests were established, I examined some more recent cyberbullying cases in the US, where these above tests were applied.Based on the analysis of SCOTUS and some Circuit Court jurisprudence, Certain anomalies were revealed, which serve as a basis to clearly state that the US system suffers from severe deficiencies, like handling the off-campus origin of the speech, or defining the substantial disruption or the sufficient nexus. However, the US courts have worked out tests and doctrines as a basis for their cyberbullying jurisprudence, so they are on the right track, but the jurisprudence will remain ambiguous and unpredictable without a SCOTUS landmark decision regarding cyberbullying.

Peaceful Coexistence

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Kieron O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Peaceful Coexistence ◽  
The Us

The visions and spoiler outlined in earlier chapters coexist. The binary US/China view of the Internet is not tenable; the picture is more nuanced. Other Internets could also emerge, if a vision could be combined with technical implementation and geopolitical backing; examples raised include a green Internet, an Islamic Internet, and a caring Internet. Different kinds of democracy could be digitally constructed. The proposal of a postcolonial Internet is critiqued. However, pressures are building. Within the United States itself, splits are evident between supporters of the DC Commercial Internet and the Silicon Valley Open Internet, while the US tech giants are trying to woo EU governments.

Challenges to Audit Education for the 21st Century: A Survey of Curricula, Course Content, and Delivery Methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-263 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Course Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Team Projects ◽  
Assurance Services ◽  
The U.S

This paper reports the results of a survey of auditing and assurance courses in the U.S. and several other countries conducted during 2000–2001. The survey, commissioned by the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association, yielded data on a total of 285 auditing and assurance courses taught at 188 colleges and universities in the United States, Canada, and several other countries. The syllabi data were analyzed on a number of dimensions and the results compared to two prior surveys of auditing courses (Frakes 1987; Groomer and Heintz 1994). Our findings document substantial changes in content (e.g., new or expanded coverage of fraud, information technology, and assurance services) and pedagogy (e.g., increased use of team projects, student presentations, cases, and the Internet) in both introductory and advanced auditing courses over the past several years. These changes are discussed in the context of events that significantly impacted auditing education and practice from the late 1980s through the end of the 1990s.

Learning from the Tea Party: The US Indivisible Movement as Countermovement in the Era of Trump

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benita Roth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tea Party ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Movement Mobilization

In this article, I chart the origins of the Indivisible movement in the United States, which began online as a response to the election of Donald Trump to the presidency in November of 2016. The Indivisible movement’s founders explicitly modeled their countermovement structurally after the Republican Tea Party that arose to obstruct Obama’s agenda, consciously using the Tea Party’s combination of decentralized organizing made possible by the Internet, its focus on local political races, and its general willingness to work with an established political party. I consider what the case of Indivisible has to tell us about some of the dynamics that movements in the Internet age will likely encounter, namely, the importance of virality and branding for mobilization and social media’s capacity for aggregating the like-minded. I conclude that while it is hard to predict whether Indivisible will be successful in obstructing the conservative Trump agenda, the movement bears watching as an example of movement mobilization in the Internet age.

scholarly journals Panel on: The Creation and Distortion of Communication through Information Technology Misinformation published on the Internet: It's time to update the Sullivan Rule

10.28945/2734 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New York Times ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Public Figures

The United States Supreme Court has ruled on several cases concerning the publication of misinformation, either intentional or unintentional. In the leading case, New York Times v. Sullivan, the Court ruled that public figures can recover damages for misinformation by proving "actual malice" from the publisher. As "publication" on the Internet provides the ability to quickly and anonymously modify text, this presentation will suggest that the Court should review Sullivan in light of the new technology

Constantly on the move Chinese engineers’ job-hopping strategies in information technology work

2021 ◽  
pp. 103530462110413
Author(s):  
Tongyu Wu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Immigrant ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Us

This article examines Chinese immigrant engineers’ navigation in the highly flexible information technology (IT) industry in the United States and their strategies of utilizing the high-velocity labour market to their advantage. Flexible employment has grown both in prevalence and prominence in the study of the American IT industry. What flexibility theorists fail to attend to, however, is the ethnicised demission of the high-velocity labour market in the IT sector. To address this vacancy, the researcher conducted a 13-month ethnography at a leading internet-services firm in the United States and 66 additional interviews with engineers from eight leading tech companies. The ethnographic work showed that inequality that emerged within the tech firms (e.g. ‘bamboo ceilings’) disadvantaged Chinese engineers’ career development. The ‘bamboo ceiling’ stimulated Chinese immigrants to use the high-velocity labour market to normalize their job-hopping practices, in order to circumvent their career disadvantage. To facilitate their job-hopping, Chinese engineers developed university-based networks. This study concludes that, with help of their university network, Chinese immigrants became the most mobile group in the US tech industry, which further preserved the industry’s flexibility. JELcodes D23, L16

scholarly journals The Image of China and Russia in the US Press During the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Mikhail Rybalko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political System ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Us

The United States press negatively portrays both Russia and China. During the current pandemic the image of these authoritarian states has become even more negative. The coronavirus situation works as interaction effects when more radical attitudes are reflected in the internet messengers and internet media. Previous media topics of US criticism have given the way to a dominant topic – the Chinese responsibility for a virus. Any success story coming either from China or Russia is doubted or silenced. No positive news can be found in the authoritarian political system. The data based on New York Times publications are used for the content analysis of the image of Russia and China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document