Case Studies on Applying Knowledge Economy Principles for Economic Growth in Developing Nations

2022 ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
David E. Pines ◽  
Natalia Bernal Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Robust Learning ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
The People ◽  
Full Participation

The authors demonstrate through specific case studies, representative of Civil Society in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), how user-acquired knowledge has the potential to impact both economic growth and economic development. In the interconnected, interdependent 21st century world of full participation as envisioned in UN Agenda 2030, it is essential to equip the people of developing nations with the tools to participate, grow, and develop themselves. This chapter both illustrates the importance of education and lifelong learning as well as highlighting the potential of a robust learning experience platform in geographies in which issues of infrastructure, connectivity, and access are some of the greatest challenges to overcome.

scholarly journals Performances of the Least Developed Countries under Neo-liberal Regimes: Implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Melake Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

<p><em>The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have implemented neoliberal policies such as trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises, and currency devaluation with the expectation to promote their economic growth and development by capturing the gains from international trade through a more efficient allocation of resources and increased private investment. Twenty one countries (constituting 44%) have been designated LDCs since 1971, the introduction of the category for the first time by the United Nations (UN). Development experiences of the LDCs indicate that neoliberal policies are not adequately addressing their development challenges. The LDCs  are still locked into a low equilibrium trap characterized by fragile economic growths, distorted  structural transformation,  low domestic resource, high dependence on external financing , high dependence on primary commodity exports, high external debt burden  and debt services  and  low human development. The LDCs must thus shift to a developmental state approach to strategically integrate into the world economy and to build their productive capacities and to enhance their structural transformation which could lead the countries along the path of sustained economic growth to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>The implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development are that: </em></p><p><em>(i) The LDCs have  to extensively tap their domestic savings potentials and investments to reach 25% or more of their Gross Domestic Product(GDP) to  sustain 7% -8% growth rates per annum that will have a great impact on  poverty reduction in line with the  sustainable development goal 1 (SDG1) . (ii) The LDCs have to select a few SDGs which are of high national priorities and  synchronize them  with their respective national development plans  and determine  the financing needs for the implementation  of the selected SDGs. (iii)  cancellation of external debt of the LDCs  by the creditors in order to release resources needed for their  investments to achieve the SDGs (iv) replacement of foreign aid  by market access for  the LDCs products to  increase their foreign exchange earnings needed for  building their  productive capacities. (v) Maintaining peace and stability and resolving conflicts to release resources needed for their productive investment.<br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Bringing the Military Back in: Military Expenditures and Economic Growth 1990 to 2003

2008 ◽  
pp. 142-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kentor ◽  
Edward Kick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
The Military

After the “peace bonus” era, global military expenditures have escalated sharply despite some worldwide declines in military personnel. Theories on the economic impacts of the military institution and escalated military spending greatly differ and include arguments that they either improve domestic economic performance or crowd out growth-inducing processes. Empirical findings on this matter are inconclusive, in part due to a failure to disentangle the various dimensions of military expenditures. We further suggest that modern sociology's relative inattention to such issues has contributed to these shortcomings. We explore a new dimension of military spending that clarifies this issue—military expenditures per soldier —which captures the capital intensiveness of a country’s military organization. Our cross-national panel regression and causal analyses of developed and less developed countries from 1990 to 2003 show that military expenditures per soldier inhibit the growth of per capita GDP, net of control variables, with the most pronounced effects in least developed countries. These expenditures inhibit national development in part by slowing the expansion of the labor force. Labor-intensive militaries may provide a pathway for upward mobility, but comparatively capital-intensive military organizations limit entry opportunities for unskilled and under- or unemployed people. Deep investments in military hardware also reduce the investment capital available for more economically productive opportunities. We also find that arms imports have a positive effect on economic growth, but only in less developed countries.

Countries Progress in Solar PV in Support of NDC Implementation and Contribution to Achieving SDG7

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Dereje Azemraw Senshaw ◽  
Alexander Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Solar Photovoltaics ◽  
Taking Action

This case study examines the progress being made by 12 least developed countries (LDCs) in their effort to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) – access to clean and sustainable energy for all. Focusing on solar photovoltaics (PV), the authors look at what can be done to further the spread of renewable energy, and the role various actors have to playing in helping these countries to meet SDG7. Furthermore, with countries on the cusp of submitting their revised contributions under the Paris Agreement, they look at the role solar PV can play in helping LDCs to participate in taking action against climate change. After outlining the current policy landscape, and efforts being made within these countries, they look at the obstacles, opportunities, and the role of solar PV going forward. They also look at the steps that policymakers, both national and international, can take to encourage the rapid uptake of renewable energy in developing nations.

The Generalized System of Preferences of the United States: Does It Promote Industrialization and Economic Growth in Least Developed Countries?

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caf Dowlah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Generalized System ◽  
Generalized System Of Preferences

The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP)—a system of differential and favorable trade arrangements toward less developed countries, adopted by the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT)—has been around since the early 1970s. A primary objective of these schemes has been to promote industrialization and economic growth in less developed countries through trade rather than aid. The outcome of such programs has, however, been mixed. This paper identifies some of the underlying political and economic dynamics which led to the dismal performance of the GSP schemes of the United States in respect to the industrialization and economic growth of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The paper suggests that the effectiveness of GSP schemes could be significantly improved if they were brought under the binding WTO rules, if greater resources were directed to removing supply constraints in the LDCs, and if developed countries granted unwavering market access to LDC exports.

Argentina, Chile, and Mexico: Contrasts in Economic Policy and Performance

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N. Baklanoff
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The People ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
And Performance

For more than a decade, enormous attention has been given by academic economists, researchers, and policy makers to the problem of economic growth of the less-developed countries. The aspirations of leaders and the people of these countries for accelerated economic progress which has been characterized by the apt phrases the “revolution of rising expectations,” and the “New Awakening,” have played a major role in this new orientation in economic thought and action. Another interesting fact is that governments have emerged as consciously active “agents of change” carrying a heavy responsibüity for the success or failure of development programs.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN ACCESS TO WATER AND SANITATION IN MALAWI: PROGRESS AND INEQUALITIES (1992-2017)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cassivi ◽  
Elizabeth Tilley ◽  
E.O.D. Waygood ◽  
Caetano Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractBillions of people globally gained access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation in the last decades, following effort towards the Millennium Development Goals. Global progress remains a general indicator as it is unclear if access is equitable across groups of the population. Agenda 2030 calling for “leaving no one behind”, there is a need to focus on the variations of access in different groups of the population, especially in the context of least developed countries including Malawi. We analyzed data from Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) to describe emerging trends on progress and inequalities in water supply and sanitation services over a 25-year period (1992 - 2017) and to identify the most vulnerable population in Malawi. Data were disaggregated with geographic and socio-economic characteristics including regions, urban and rural areas, wealth and education level. Analysis of available data revealed progress in access to water and sanitation among all groups of the population. The largest progress is generally observed in the groups that were further behind at the baseline year, which likely reflects good targeting in interventions/improvements to reduce the gap in the population. Overall, results demonstrated that some segments of the population - foremost poorest Southern rural populations - still have limited access to water and are forced to practise open defecation. Finally, we suggest to include standardized indicators that address safely managed drinking water and sanitation services in future surveys and studies to increase accuracy of national estimates.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Major Agricultural Crops: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Ghulam Samad ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Hafiz Hanzla Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Impact

It is necessary for a country to make its agriculture sector efficient to enhance food security, quality of life and to promote rapid economic growth. The evidence from least developed countries (LDCs) indicates that agriculture sector accounts for a large share in their gross domestic product (GDP). Thus the development of the economy cannot be achieved without improving the agriculture sector. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12) its main natural resource is arable land and agriculture sector’s contribution to the GDP is 21 percent. The agricultural sector absorbs 45 percent of labour force and its share in exports is 18 percent. Given the role of agricultural sector in economic growth and its sensitivity to change in temperature and precipitation it is important to study the impact of climate change on major crops in Pakistan. There are two crops seasons in Pakistan namely, Rabi and Kharif. Rabi crops are grown normally in the months of November to April and Kharif crops are grown from May to October. These two seasons make Pakistan an agricultural economy and its performance depends on the climate during the whole year. Climate change generally affects agriculture through changes in temperature, precipitation.

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