Improving the Decision-Making Process in a Hospital Environment With New Interactive Visualization Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Cristiana Neto ◽  
Diana Ferreira ◽  
António Abelha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Visualization Process

A large number of medical errors occurring in hospitals happen in the diagnostic process, such as the use of outmoded tests and the failure to perform on test results, leading to delays in the diagnosis. Thus, fast and efficient access to the patients' exams and test results is essential to provide them adequate treatment. This need demands solving problems that exist during this process of consulting the results in order to reduce clinical risk. Therefore, an analysis of the problems in the visualization process of the exams in Centro Hospitalar do Porto was carried out, leading to the development of a new platform - AIDA-MCDT, whose main objective was to fill the gaps verified, making the access to exams' results more efficient and intuitive. This platform has significantly improved the system's usability, including several features designed to help healthcare professionals make decisions more quickly and securely.

Improving the Decision-Making Process in a Hospital Environment With New Interactive Visualization Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Cristiana Neto ◽  
Diana Ferreira ◽  
António Abelha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Efficient Access ◽  
Visualization Process

A large number of medical errors occurring in hospitals happen in the diagnostic process, such as the use of outmoded tests and the failure to perform on test results, leading to delays in the diagnosis. Thus, fast and efficient access to the patients' exams and test results is essential to provide them adequate treatment. This need demands solving problems that exist during this process of consulting the results in order to reduce clinical risk. Therefore, an analysis of the problems in the visualization process of the exams in Centro Hospitalar do Porto was carried out, leading to the development of a new platform - AIDA-MCDT, whose main objective was to fill the gaps verified, making the access to exams' results more efficient and intuitive. This platform has significantly improved the system's usability, including several features designed to help healthcare professionals make decisions more quickly and securely.

Augmenting Medical Diagnosis Decisions? An Investigation into Physicians’ Decision-Making Process with Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Jussupow ◽  
Kai Spohrer ◽  
Armin Heinzl ◽  
Joshua Gawlitza
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Errors ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Human Actors

Systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly support physicians in diagnostic decisions, but they are not without errors and biases. Failure to detect those may result in wrong diagnoses and medical errors. Compared with rule-based systems, however, these systems are less transparent and their errors less predictable. Thus, it is difficult, yet critical, for physicians to carefully evaluate AI advice. This study uncovers the cognitive challenges that medical decision makers face when they receive potentially incorrect advice from AI-based diagnosis systems and must decide whether to follow or reject it. In experiments with 68 novice and 12 experienced physicians, novice physicians with and without clinical experience as well as experienced radiologists made more inaccurate diagnosis decisions when provided with incorrect AI advice than without advice at all. We elicit five decision-making patterns and show that wrong diagnostic decisions often result from shortcomings in utilizing metacognitions related to decision makers’ own reasoning (self-monitoring) and metacognitions related to the AI-based system (system monitoring). As a result, physicians fall for decisions based on beliefs rather than actual data or engage in unsuitably superficial evaluation of the AI advice. Our study has implications for the training of physicians and spotlights the crucial role of human actors in compensating for AI errors.

Clinical decision-making and its place in paramedic practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Samantha Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Clinical Decisions ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

In the pre-hospital environment, paramedics are required to make clinical decisions, often rapidly to ensure correct treatment and care is provided. Decisions made by paramedics majorly impacts on the life, clinical outcome, safety, health and wellbeing of their patients. With the introduction of the Newly Qualified Paramedic Framework, it potentially has never been more pertinent to examine the decision-making process-an integral part of paramedicine. The implementation of the NQP framework has prompted an exploration into clinical decision making and its place in an ever-evolving profession. Through examination of theories and frameworks, this article aims to identify the underpinning evidence that enables a paramedic to reach a competent decision and the barriers experienced in the process.

scholarly journals Real-Time Decision Making for Autonomous City Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Furda ◽  
◽  
Ljubo Vlacic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
World Model ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Control System Architecture

This paper addresses the topic of real-time decision making by autonomous city vehicles. Beginning with an overview of the state of research, the paper presents the vehicle decision making & control system architecture, explains the subcomponents which are relevant for decision making (World Model and Driving Maneuver subsystem), and presents the decision making process. Experimental test results confirmthe suitability of the developed approach to deal with the complex real-world urban traffic.

scholarly journals An Intrinsic Entropy Model for Exchange-Traded Securities

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiu Vințe ◽  
Ion Smeureanu ◽  
Titus-Felix Furtună ◽  
Marcel Ausloos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Exogenous Factor ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Stock Portfolio ◽  
Individual Security

This paper introduces an intrinsic entropy model which can be employed as an indicator for gauging investors’ interest in a given exchange-traded security, along with the state of the overall market corroborated by individual security trading data. Although the syntagma of intrinsic entropy might sound somehow pleonastic, since entropy itself characterizes the fundamentals of a system, we would like to make a clear distinction between entropy models based on the values that a random variable may take, and the model that we propose, which employs actual stock exchange trading data. The model that we propose for the intrinsic entropy does not include any exogenous factor that could influence the level of entropy. The intrinsic entropy signals if the market is either inclined to buy the security or rather to sell it. We further explore the usage of the intrinsic entropy model for algorithmic trading, in order to demonstrate the value of our model in assisting investors’ intraday stock portfolio selection, along with timely generated signals for supporting the buy/sell decision-making process. The test results provide empirical evidence that the proposed intrinsic entropy model can be used as an indicator for evaluating the direction and the intensity of intraday trading activity of an exchange-traded security. The data employed for testing consisted of historical intraday transactions executed on The Bucharest Stock Exchange (BVB).

scholarly journals Indicating spinal joint mobilisations or manipulations in patients with neck or low-back pain: protocol of an inter-examiner reliability study among manual therapists

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiel van Trijffel ◽  
Robert Lindeboom ◽  
Patrick MM Bossuyt ◽  
Maarten A Schmitt ◽  
Cees Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Intervertebral Motion ◽  
Motion Assessment

Abstract Background Manual spinal joint mobilisations and manipulations are widely used treatments in patients with neck and low-back pain. Inter-examiner reliability of passive intervertebral motion assessment of the cervical and lumbar spine, perceived as important for indicating these interventions, is poor within a univariable approach. The diagnostic process as a whole in daily practice in manual therapy has a multivariable character, however, in which the use and interpretation of passive intervertebral motion assessment depend on earlier results from the diagnostic process. To date, the inter-examiner reliability among manual therapists of a multivariable diagnostic decision-making process in patients with neck or low-back pain is unknown. Methods This study will be conducted as a repeated-measures design in which 14 pairs of manual therapists independently examine a consecutive series of a planned total of 165 patients with neck or low-back pain presenting in primary care physiotherapy. Primary outcome measure is therapists’ decision about whether or not manual spinal joint mobilisations or manipulations, or both, are indicated in each patient, alone or as part of a multimodal treatment. Therapists will largely be free to conduct the full diagnostic process based on their formulated examination objectives. For each pair of therapists, 2×2 tables will be constructed and reliability for the dichotomous decision will be expressed using Cohen’s kappa. In addition, observed agreement, prevalence of positive decisions, prevalence index, bias index, and specific agreement in positive and negative decisions will be calculated. Univariable logistic regression analysis of concordant decisions will be performed to explore which demographic, professional, or clinical factors contributed to reliability. Discussion This study will provide an estimate of the inter-examiner reliability among manual therapists of indicating spinal joint mobilisations or manipulations in patients with neck or low-back pain based on a multivariable diagnostic reasoning and decision-making process, as opposed to reliability of individual tests. As such, it is proposed as an initial step toward the development of an alternative approach to current classification systems and prediction rules for identifying those patients with spinal disorders that may show a better response to manual therapy which can be incorporated in randomised clinical trials. Potential methodological limitations of this study are discussed.

scholarly journals Karl Popper 120th anniversary; Some reflections on the decision-making process in medicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha Krasin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Relative Truth ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
120Th Anniversary

Rereading Popper’s “The Logic of scientific discovery”, at his 120th anniversary, brings some thoughts regarding the diagnostic process and decision making in medicine from the viewpoint of the classical scientific method. In recent years physicians are increasingly becoming technical experts who base their decision-making on uniform criteria, guidelines and classifications but unfortunately have moved away from understanding the basic concepts in the philosophy of science. This raises an ethically and philosophically important issue; what does a medical diagnosis mean? Is this an absolute or a relative truth? The implications of this question are enormous in terms of prognosis and treatment. Both patients and physicians should be educated about the nature of the diagnostic process.

scholarly journals Simulation of Abnormal Physiological Signals in a Phantom for Bioengineering Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Hélder Vieira ◽  
Nelson Costa ◽  
Joaquim Fernando Almeida Alves ◽  
Luís Pinto Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Physiological Signals ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

In clinical practice and in particular in the diagnostic process, the assessment of cardiac and respiratory functions is supported by electrocardiogram and auscultation. These exams are non-invasive, quick and inexpensive to perform and easy to interpret. For these reasons, this type of assessment is a constant in the daily life of a clinician and the information obtained is central to the decision making process. Therefore, it is essential that during their training, students of health-related subjects acquire skills in the acquisition and evaluation of the referred physiological signals. Simulation, considering the technological possibilities of today, is an excellent preparation tool since it exposes trainees to near real contexts but without the associated risks. Hence, the simulation of physiological signals plays an important role in the education of healthcare professionals, bioengineering professionals and also in the development and calibration of medical devices. This paper describes a project to develop synchronized electrocardiogram (ECG), phonocardiogram (PCG) and breathing sounds simulators that aims to improve an existing phantom simulator. The developed system allows, in an integrated way, to generate normal and pathological signals, being contemplated several distinct pathologies. For engineering education, it is also possible to simulate the introduction of signal disturbances or hardware malfunctions.

scholarly journals Intelligent Association Classification Technique for Phishing Website Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
Mustafa Al-Fayoumi ◽  
Jaber Alwidian ◽  
Mohammad Abusaif
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Confidence Measure ◽  
Classification Technique ◽  
Visualization Process ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
New Association ◽  
Automated Tools ◽  
Automated Tool

Many critical applications need more accuracy and speed in the decision making process. Data mining scholars developed set of artificial automated tools to enhance the entire decisions based on type of application. Phishing is one of the most critical application needs for high accuracy and speed in decision making when a malicious webpage impersonates as legitimate webpage to acquire secret information from the user. In this paper, we proposed a new Association Classification (AC) algorithm as an artificial automated tool to increase the accuracy level of the classification process that aims to discover any malicious webpage. An Intelligent Association Classification (IAC) algorithm developed in this article by employing the Harmonic Mean measure instead of the support and confidence measure to solve the estimation problem in these measures and discovering hidden pattern not generated by the existing AC algorithms. Our algorithm compared with four well-known AC algorithm in terms of accuracy, F1, Precision, Recall and execution time. The experiments and the visualization process show that the IAC algorithm outperformed the others in all cases and emphasize on the importance of the general and specific rules in the classification process

Assessment of Moral Judgment and Empathy in Young Sex Offenders

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 986-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline van Vugt ◽  
Jessica Asscher ◽  
Jan Hendriks ◽  
Geert Jan Stams ◽  
Catrien Bijleveld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Juvenile Sex Offenders ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Victim Empathy ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Empathy Scale

Professional decision making in forensic clinical practice may have lifelong consequences for offenders. Although information on moral development is important for prediction of reoffending and referral to adequate treatment, conclusions regarding moral development are still largely based on unstructured clinical judgment instead of assessment instruments. For this study, the authors examined to what extent unstructured clinical judgment of both moral judgment and victim empathy concurred with test results in a group of young sex offenders. Moral judgment was measured with the Sociomoral Reflection Measure–Short Form (SRM-SF), whereas victim empathy was measured with an extended version of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES). No significant associations were found between clinical judgment of moral judgment and the mean scores on the SRM-SF. However, clinical judgment of victim empathy was significantly associated with victim empathy on the Victim Empathy Scale but not consistently in the expected direction. Juvenile sex offenders, who were judged by clinicians to show little victim empathy, displayed lower mean scores on the Victim Empathy Scale than juvenile sex offenders who were evaluated to lack victim empathy or to have intact victim empathy. This study showed unstructured clinical judgment of moral development not to concur with test results. To improve decision-making processes regarding moral development, clinicians are advised to rely on instruments that assess moral development to inform clinical judgment. Further research is needed to examine which predictions are more accurate and to establish the predictive validity of moral development evaluations.

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