The “Slavic issue” and academic archaeology in the Crimea in the aftermath of World War II. To the 120th anniversary of Pavel Nikolaevich Shultz (1901–1983)

The actualization of the "Slavic issue" in the post-war Crimea took place at the background of the rise of patriotic sentiments in society. This contributed to the establishment of the Sector of History and Archaeology in the Crimean Research Base at the USSR Academy of Sciences under P.N. Shultz in 1947. The issue in question was developed based on the “Scythian” ethnogenetic myth and autochthonous theories of N.Ya. Marr. The applied task of the studies was to popularize the history of Crimea in close connection with the fate of the Slavs and the Russian people among the settlers who came to the peninsula after the eviction of the Crimean Tatars. These views are most succinctly expressed in the book by P.N. Nadinsky “Studies on the history of the Crimea” (part 1, 1951). During the anti-Marr campaign, the point of Scythian-Slavic kinship in Crimea was rejected. Following the transfer of the peninsula to the Ukrainian SSR, the issue gradually lost its relevance.

Lonomia obliqua Envenoming and Innovative Research

As a tribute to Butantan Institute in its 120th anniversary, this review describes some of the scientific research efforts carried out in the study of Lonomia envenoming in Brazil, a country where accidents with caterpillars reach over 42,000 individuals per year (especially in South and Southeast Brazil). Thus, the promising data regarding the studies with Lonomia’s toxins contributed to the creation of new research centers specialized in toxinology based at Butantan Institute, as well as to the production of the antilonomic serum (ALS), actions which are in line with the Butantan Institute mission “to research, develop, manufacture, and provide products and services for the health of the population”. In addition, the study of the components of the Lonomia obliqua bristle extract led to the discovery of new molecules with peculiar properties, opening a field of knowledge that could lead to the development and innovation of new drugs aimed at cell regeneration and inflammatory diseases.

Gold Buckle of the Steel Belt of Russia. To the 120th Anniversary of the Circum- Baikal Railway

120 years ago, on June 22 (June 9 old style), 1901 the Committee on construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway approved final decision on the location of the route of Circum-Baikal Railway (CBR).This railway is a monument to the heroic construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. At the beginning of 20th century, the whole world followed its construction: someone with a shudder, someone with curiosity. The main goal was defined by the urgent need to connect the Central part of Russia and the Far East. Hence, there was an insurmountable natural obstacle on the way: the largest lake in the world. Today the CBR is an architectural reserve, englobing a huge number of engineering structures. Many of them are still unique. Prospecting work on Lake Baikal lasted for 13 years. The lake is surrounded by mountains, 300 tributaries from different rivers flow into it. So laying a railway track was an extremely difficult task, Russian engineers have brilliantly coped with.

To the 120th anniversary of the birth of academician M.M. Gryshko – an outstanding scientist-genetician, builder of the National botanical garden of the NAS of Ukraine

The article covers the life and scientific achievements of an outstanding scientist – geneticist, breeder, botanist, academician, director of the Institute of Botany in 1939–1944, director of the Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1944–1958 Mykola Mykolayovych Gryshko (6.01.1901–3.01.1964). Currently, the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a leading scientific institution, which includes eight scientific departments and two laboratories with more than 170 researchers. The Botanical Garden on an area of 129.8 hectares has a collection of plants numbering more than 16 thousand taxa. Botanical Garden scientists have developed theoretical and applied principles of introduction, acclimatization, selection, conservation and enrichment of biodiversity. The selection work initiated by M.M. Gryshko successfully continues. About 400 plant cultivars created in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Keywords: anniversary, M. M. Gryshko, academician, geneticist, breeder, director, Botanical Garden.

TO THE 120-TH ANNIVERSARY OF N. R. ERDMANN

Введение. Представлены доклады, прозвучавшие 14 ноября 2020 г. в Томском государственном педагогическом университете на VI Международной научной конференции «Проблемы трансформации и функционирования культурных моделей в русской литературе», посвященной 120-летию со дня рождения Н. Р. Эрдмана. Среди докладчиков отмечены авторы первых монографий о нем на английском языке Джон Фридман и на русском языке Е. С. Шевченко, исследователи драмы В. Е. Головчинер, О. Н. Юрченкова (Русанова), О. К. Страшкова, Е. Н. Пенская, Л. Г. Тютелова, И. Л. Багратион-Мухранели, О. А. Кравченко, Е. В. Киричук, а также искусствоведы и театроведы К. А. Учитель, М. Палушева, А. О. Ковалова, Ванхонг Бао, Лян Вейци и другие. Это участники второй, посвященной Эрдману конференции в стенах Томского государственного педагогического университета (ТГПУ), которая показала возрастающее внимание исследователей к личности и творческому наследию незаслуженно забытого отечественного драматурга, расширила круг обсуждаемых в контексте его творчества произведений литературы и театра, а также дала представление о переводах и постановках пьес Эрдмана в европейских странах. Цель. Представленный обзор докладов позволяет обозначить направления современного эрдмановедения, увидеть масштабность научных контактов, объединение единомышленников разных стран, познакомить специалистов и всех заинтересованных в исследовании творчества Эрдмана с содержанием докладов участников конференции. Материал и методы. Использован комплексный подход с опорой на описательно-аналитический, сравнительно-типологический, биографический, историко-литературный, историко-функциональный методы. Результаты и обсуждение. Кратко изложены основные положения докладов, представлены намеченные аспекты исследования произведений Эрдмана. Заключение. Обзор научных докладов юбилейной конференции, посвященной творчеству Эрдмана в аспектах трансформации и функционирования в нем культурных моделей драмы, может быть использован в научно-исследовательской, образовательной и культурно-просветительской деятельности для расширения представления о личности и творчестве Эрдмана, о его вкладе в русскую и мировую драматургию. Introduction. This information review presents papers presented on November 14, 2020 at Tomsk State Pedagogical University at the VI International Scientific Conference «Problems of Transformation and Functioning of Cultural Models in Russian Literature». It was dedicated to the 120th anniversary of N. R. Erdmann. John Friedman and Ekaterina Shevchenko, the authors of the first monographs on Erdmann, were among the speakers at the second conference held at TSPU. Drama researchers Valentina Golovchiner, Oksana Yurchenkova (Rusanova), Olga Strashkova, Elena Penskaya, Larisa Tyutelova, Irina Bagration-Mukhranneli, Oksana Kravchenko, Elena Kirichuk, and art historians and theater scholars Konstantin Uchitel, Martina Palusheva, Anna Kovalova, Vanhong Bao, Liang Weiqi, and others. Objective: to outline the directions of contemporary studies of the Erdmann’s work by; to see the scale of scientific contacts, to unite like-minded people from different countries, to acquaint specialists and everyone interested in researching Erdmann’s work with the contents of the conference participants’ reports. Material and methods. The article is based on a complex approach including biographical, cultural-historical, comparative-typological, historical-literary, historical-functional methods. Results and discussion. The main points of the reports were briefly presented, the topical aspects of Erdmann’s work were pointed out, the range of works of literature and theater discussed in the context of his work was outlined, and an idea of translations and productions of Erdmann’s plays in European countries was formed. Conclusion. The material from the review of the conference reports can be used in scientific research, educational and cultural-educational activities in order to broaden the idea of Erdman’s personality and creativity, the scope of his talent, his contribution to Russian and world playwrights.

120th Anniversary of the opening of the Ufa Eye Hospital

The article is devoted to the history of the Ufa Eye Hospital of the Ufa department for the blind people, which provided the necessary free ophthalmological and surgical care to patients with eye diseases. The lack of a special institution before the opening of the Hospital led to a large need for ophthalmic care. In view of the lack of proper attention to the problems of the blind and visually impaired on the part of the authorities and the public, there were difficulties in the work of the Hospital, which prevented its consistent development. However, by the mid- 20s of XX century the Ufa Eye Hospital was able to increase the number of people who got ophthalmological care. Key words: Ufa Eye Hospital, Ufa department of the Guardianship for blind people of Empress Maria Aleksandrovna, ophthalmological care, A. A. Belskiy.

Karl Popper 120th anniversary; Some reflections on the decision-making process in medicine

Rereading Popper’s “The Logic of scientific discovery”, at his 120th anniversary, brings some thoughts regarding the diagnostic process and decision making in medicine from the viewpoint of the classical scientific method. In recent years physicians are increasingly becoming technical experts who base their decision-making on uniform criteria, guidelines and classifications but unfortunately have moved away from understanding the basic concepts in the philosophy of science. This raises an ethically and philosophically important issue; what does a medical diagnosis mean? Is this an absolute or a relative truth? The implications of this question are enormous in terms of prognosis and treatment. Both patients and physicians should be educated about the nature of the diagnostic process.