An Overview of the Determination of Biodiversity of Wetlands

2022 ◽  
pp. 150-170
Author(s):  
Moumit Roy Goswami ◽  
Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Wetland Biodiversity ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Water Birds

Wetland ecosystems support rich and unique biodiversity. Biodiversity of a given ecosystem in general and wetlands in particular provide important insights to the ecological health of an area. The Ramsar Convention 1971 identified nine criteria for identifying wetlands of international importance. Out of the nine criteria, eight are linked to biodiversity of which three are based on sites of international importance for conserving biological diversity, two are specific for water birds, two are specific for fish, and one criterion for other taxa. Hence, determination of biodiversity of wetlands is of utmost importance. In order to understand that birds, fishes, amphibians, odonates, mammals, and aquatic plants were particularly selected as indicators of wetland biodiversity, the chapter discusses the different methodologies about determination of each of these taxa under different criteria as mentioned above. These methodologies will help various stakeholders in appropriate determination of biodiversity of wetlands of a particular area.

scholarly journals Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) from Akyatan Lagoon in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIGE GULMEN KILERCIOGLU ◽  
IBRAHIM CENGIZLER ◽  
NEBILE DAGLIOGLU ◽  
SERDAR KILERCIOGLU
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Blue Crabs ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Waterfowl Habitat ◽  
International Importance

The aim of this study is to determine the levels of organochlorine-based pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the edible muscle tissue of blue crabs Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun, 1896) that are harvested from Akyatan Lagoon in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. The crabs were harvested in October 2010, January 2011 and March 2011. A total of fifty crabs were studied. A quantitative determination of residue levels was carried out through a Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD), and compared with acceptable contaminant levels. PCBs were the greatest source of contamination.. The predominant compounds were α-HCH, o,p’-DDE, PCB 28 (2,2',4,4'-PCB) and PCB 52 (2,2’,5,5’-PCB), with mean concentrations of 22.39, 59.45, 347.31 and 362.86  ng/gwet weights, respectively. The present work is highly significant and points out a chronic exposure to pollutants in Akyatan Lagoon. This ecosystem is protected under the Ramsar Convention (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat).

scholarly journals Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs): their impact on conservation policy, advocacy and action

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOLTAN WALICZKY ◽  
LINCOLN D. C. FISHPOOL ◽  
STUART H. M. BUTCHART ◽  
DAVID THOMAS ◽  
MELANIE F. HEATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Birds Directive ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Marine Realm

SummaryBirdLife International´s Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA) Programme has identified, documented and mapped over 13,000 sites of international importance for birds. IBAs have been influential with governments, multilateral agreements, businesses and others in: (1) informing governments’ efforts to expand protected area networks (in particular to meet their commitments through the Convention on Biological Diversity); (2) supporting the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) in the marine realm, (3) identifying Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention; (4) identifying sites of importance for species under the Convention on Migratory Species and its sister agreements; (5) identifying Special Protected Areas under the EU Birds Directive; (6) applying the environmental safeguards of international finance institutions such as the International Finance Corporation; (7) supporting the private sector to manage environmental risk in its operations; and (8) helping donor organisations like the Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund (CEPF) to prioritise investment in site-based conservation. The identification of IBAs (and IBAs in Danger: the most threatened of these) has also triggered conservation and management actions at site level, most notably by civil society organisations and local conservation groups. IBA data have therefore been widely used by stakeholders at different levels to help conserve a network of sites essential to maintaining the populations and habitats of birds as well as other biodiversity. The experience of IBA identification and conservation is shaping the design and implementation of the recently launched Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) Partnership and programme, as IBAs form a core part of the KBA network.

BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF WETLANDS AND RAMSAR PLACES IN THE CROSS-BORDER REGION OF BULGARIA, NORTHERN MACEDONIA, ALBANIA AND GREECE AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Georgiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Running Water ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Deep Conviction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study

According to the definition of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), wetlands on Earth are areas that are flooded or saturated with water, artificial or natural, permanently or temporarily flooded with standing, sitting or running water. These areas include areas where water is the predominant element, such as swamps, wetlands, peatlands, estuaries, sea branches and lagoons, lakes, rivers and artificial reservoirs with a depth of more than six meters. Considering the importance of these territories and with the deep conviction that the preservation of their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining long-term national policy with coordinated international action, the scientific community reacted to the encroachments and unreasonable attitude to them by concluding 02.02. 1971 of the Convention on wetlands of international importance, especially as waterfowl habitats, known to the general public as the Ramsar Convention. The main objectives of this document are to manage wetlands as sites of great economic, cultural, scientific and conservation value, to avoid damage and loss and to preserve them through prudent use, i.e. through their continuous development. The object of study in the present work is the biological diversity, in particular the avifauna of some of the internationally important wetlands in the border areas between Bulgaria, Greece, the Republic of North Macedonia and Albania in view of the opportunities they offer for the development of some forms of alternative types of tourism.

Fast method for the simultaneous determination of monomethylmercury and inorganic mercury in rice and aquatic plants

Talanta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Jiménez-Moreno ◽  
Miguel Ángel Lominchar ◽  
María José Sierra ◽  
Rocío Millán ◽  
Rosa Carmen Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Fast Method

Surface-groundwater interactions in karst: overview, concept and mapping

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Ravbar ◽  
Cyril Mayaud ◽  
Matej Blatnik ◽  
Metka Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Ecohydrological Processes

<p>Under special meteorological and hydrological circumstances, shallow karst areas and karst poljes may experience surface water overflow. As a result, surface- groundwater interaction occurs usually creating intermittent lakes. Although human settlements and activities have traditionally adapted to these natural conditions, extensive temporary floods are classified among the most common natural disasters in karst. On the other hand, intermittent lakes are considered as natural reservoirs of excess recharge and good flood regulators in the lower parts of river basins. Due to specific ecohydrological processes and environmental conditions, these areas host unique wetland ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity and provide various ecosystem services, such as ecological productivity, photosynthesis and carbon storage. Given the dynamic nature of hydrological processes in karst aquifers, a distinctive feature of the phenomena described is its high variability of occurrence and duration. Therefore, the identification, characterization as well as the determination of the spatial dimension of flood levels is a challenging task. Focusing on the Slovenian karst, a literature review and analysis of topographical and hydrological data of the selected study areas was conducted. The hydrological analyses were based on long-term monitoring data from Slovenian Environmental Agency and partly on the authors' own database of field measurements and knowledge of the areas concerned. Consequently, the conceptual framework and the key criterion for the determination and recording of areas subject to temporary flooding were developed. A systematic survey reveals the significance of the extent, duration and frequency of flooding. Evaluation results are useful to designers of various water policies and management mechanisms for flood mitigation and protection of special habitats. Observing trends in the spatial and temporal dynamics of flood levels is also valuable for understanding how and to what extent karst aquifers are vulnerable to environmental changes. Finally, the analyses also enable prediction of the effects of these changes on other parts of the environment (e.g., hydrophilic habitats).</p>

Determination of Retention Efficiency of Kimondi Wetland in North Nandi District in Kenya

2010 ◽  
pp. 419-430
Author(s):  
Shadrack. M. Mule ◽  
Charles. M. Nguta
Keyword(s):  
Common Source ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Field Drainage

Wetland buffers may play an important role in the retention of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) which are released in large quantities from agricultural, municipal and industrial sources with run-off from agricultural lands being a common source of such nutrients to wetland ecosystems. Wetlands receiving crop field drainage are shown to lower nitrogen and phosphorus in water of such ecosystems. The main objective of the study was to determine the retention efficiency of Kimondi wetland in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Results of the study show that it the wetland has mean retention efficiency of 90% and 95% for nitrogen during rainy and dry seasons respectively and mean retention efficiency of phosphorus of 80% and 93% during rainy and dry seasons respectively an indication that the wetland has high retention efficiency and its buffering ability has not been exceeded in both seasons.

Inland Saline Wetlandscapes

2020 ◽  
pp. 242-268
Author(s):  
Laxmikant Sharma ◽  
Rajashree Naik ◽  
Alok Raj
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The World ◽  
Normalized Difference Water Index

Wetland ecosystems are one of the highly productive ecosystems in the world. These ecosystems have been deteriorating at a faster rate. Ramsar Convention is putting enormous effort to protect, maintain, and restore these ecosystems. Currently, the fourth phase of Strategic Plans of Ramsar Convention is going on, in which saline wetlandscapes can play vital role to attain 19 targets of this plan. In India there are 27 Ramsar sites in all the biogeographic zones; however, research work has been carried out in the past five years in only eight Ramsar sites. Currently, four years are available for the strategic plans to encourage more wetland researches. The chapter presents a case study of Sambhar Salt Lake, a Ramsar site of India that is on the verge of extinction. Normalized Difference Water Index has been calculated for three decades in 1992, 2009, and 2019, revealing the declining phases of the lake.

scholarly journals Population trends and priority conservation sites for Mexican Duck Anas diazi

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perez-Arteaga ◽  
K. J. Gaston ◽  
M. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Current Minimum ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Northern Highlands

Little is known about Mexican Duck Anas diazi biology and populations. We analyse long-term (1960–2000) trends of Mexican Duck numbers in Mexico and employ contemporary count data (1991–2000) from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service midwinter surveys to identify key sites for conservation using a complementarity approach. The overall Mexican Duck population showed a significant long-term increase of 2.5% per year, with large fluctuations throughout the study period. The Northern highlands population increased at an annual rate of 7.7%, while the Central highlands population showed no significant long-term trend. During the last decade, counts in both the Northern and Central highlands exhibited no significant change. At the site level, significant long-term increases occurred in four localities in the Northern highlands (Laguna Bab�cora +13.9% annually, Laguna Bustillos +25.9%, Laguna Mexicanos +20.4% and Laguna Santiaguillo +16.9%) and in three localities in the Central highlands (Languillo +15.3% annually, Presa Solís +8.9%, Zacapu +13.4%). Two sites in the Central highlands showed significant declines, in the long term (Lago de Chapala, -5.2% per year) and during the last decade (Lerma, -11.8% per year). The Northern highlands held 16% and the Central highlands 84% of the Mexican Duck population in the period 1960–2000; during the last decade, these figures were 31% and 69%, respectively. A set of priority sites for conservation of the Mexican Duck was identified, consisting of 15 sites holding more than 70% of the midwinter Mexican Duck counts in Mexico. Ten sites from the priority set also qualify for designation as wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, by holding ≥ 1% of the estimated population. Four of the priority sites are in the Northern highlands and 11 in the Central highlands, of which eight are distributed along the Rio Lerma drainage. The most urgent actions that need to be undertaken are to estimate the current minimum population size in Mexico; to establish a programme for monitoring populations in the priority sites, especially those located within the highly degraded Rio Lerma drainage; and to determine the most feasible management actions for the species, concentrating efforts around the priority sites.

First record of the spider genus Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 from India with the description of a new species (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4407 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
JOBI J. MALAMEL ◽  
KARUNNAPPILLI SHAMSUDHEEN NAFIN ◽  
PRADEEP M. SANKARAN ◽  
POTHALIL A. SEBASTIAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
First Record ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
A New Species

Zhu et al. (1997) erected the tetragnathid genus Wolongia to accommodate Wolongia guoi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 and Wolongia wangi Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 collected from the Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces in China. In 2009, Ping et al. described Wolongia odontodes from the Gaoligong Mountains and remained with a nominal representation after the erection of the genus. This situation was somewhat rectified by Jin-long Wan & Xian-jin Peng (2013) reporting seven new species from the Gaoligong Mountains (Yunnan Province, southwest China). The genus currently with ten nominal species; three are known only from females, while seven are from both sexes (World Spider Catalog 2017). During our survey in Pathiramanal Island we found an undescribed Wolongia species. This is one of the most diverse areas of the Kerala state of Southern India, situated in the Vembanad Lake, a Ramsar Convention (2013) site (wetland of international importance). In this paper, we describe this new species and provide the first report of Wolongia from India. 

Ecological Integrity: Conceptual Foundations and Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Ecological Sustainability ◽  
Biological Integrity ◽  
Ecological Health ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

As the term suggests, ecological integrity refers to the pristineness, undiminished wholeness, or completeness of an entire ecosystem, whether it be a planet, an ecoregion, a preserve, a pond, or an alpine meadow. The concept of protecting large natural areas from development is the basis for marine and terrestrial national parks, biological reserves, and wilderness areas distributed globally. Nonetheless, how one defines, determines, and assesses ecological integrity remains unclear, if not controversial, to many scientists, managers, politicians, and concerned citizens. Part of this ambiguity arises from the multiplicity of terms associated with ecological integrity, such as ecological health, ecological sustainability, ecosystem services, environmental health, biological integrity, biological diversity, and natural. Therefore, any comprehensive discussion of ecological integrity must incorporate discussion and clarification of those terms as well as a brief history of the use of the concept.

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