Components of Consumer Factor and Its Influence on Attitude of the Student Online Shopping Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
R.Rajendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Actual Relationship

This research article analyzed the impact of Consumer factors like privacy, security, time saving and convenience and its impact on the attitude of consumers of online shopping. Further, the difference between the variables such as frequency of online shopping, time spent for shopping online, products often purchased during online shopping, value of money spent during shopping, mode of payment preferred and the consumer factors were also identified to ascertain the actual relationship. The research has focused on the student's community as the data set and their views on online shopping were collected through Questionnaire.

Components of Consumer Factor and Its Influence on Attitude of the Student Online Shopping Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 1530-1547
Author(s):  
R.Rajendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Actual Relationship

This research article analyzed the impact of Consumer factors like privacy, security, time saving and convenience and its impact on the attitude of consumers of online shopping. Further, the difference between the variables such as frequency of online shopping, time spent for shopping online, products often purchased during online shopping, value of money spent during shopping, mode of payment preferred and the consumer factors were also identified to ascertain the actual relationship. The research has focused on the student's community as the data set and their views on online shopping were collected through Questionnaire.

scholarly journals The Impact of Teachers Unions on Teachers’ Well-Being Under Various Legal Institutions: Evidence From District–Teacher Matched Data

AERA Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 233285841986729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice S. Han
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Teachers Unions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Impact

This article examines how teachers unions affect teachers’ well-being under various legal institutions. Using a district–teacher matched data set, this study identifies the union effects by three approaches. First, I contrast teacher outcomes across different state laws toward unions. Second, I compare the union–nonunion differentials within the same legal environment, using multilevel models and propensity score matching. Finally, unexpected legal changes restricting the collective bargaining of teachers in four states form a natural experiment, allowing me to use the difference-in-difference estimation to identify the causal effect of weakening unionism on teacher outcomes. I find that (a) many teachers join unions even when bargaining is rarely or never available, and meet-and-confer or union membership rate affects teachers’ lives in the absence of a bargaining contract; (b) how unions influence teacher outcomes vary greatly by different legal environment; and (c) the changes in public policy limiting teachers’ bargaining rights significantly decrease teacher compensation.

The Impact of Click and Mortar on Consumers Intention to Purchase Online

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Rasha Abdulkhalek
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shopping Motivation ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to clarify the impact of click and mortar business model on Lebanese consumers’ intention to purchase online. Also to compare the hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivation towards the online option of click and mortar business model. The research methodology is based on Saunders research onion, positivism philosophy, deductive approach, a quantitative method based on a survey distributed to 1365 Lebanese respondents. Using regression analysis and correlation test, the author found that utilitarian and hedonic motivation have a different effect on consumers’ intention to purchase online from click and mortar companies. It also shows the moderator variables have different effects on consumers’ motivation to purchase online. This paper is unique for its palpation in addressing an important topic in the Lebanese market. Actually, the findings of this study create the floor for marketers and academics to generalize the difference between hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivation towards online shopping from click and mortar business model. The findings reveal that consumers are shifting towards shopping online. So click and mortar business model is a must.

The Impact of Cause Portfolio Focus and Contribution Amount on Stakeholder Evaluations

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Eilert ◽  
Stefanie Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Philanthropy ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fortune 500 Companies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

When companies engage in corporate philanthropy, they can donate to a number of causes supporting a variety of issues, thus establishing cause portfolios. This research examines how the focus of a cause portfolio affects company evaluations. Results from an experiment show that when a company donates a small amount of money, consumers have lower evaluations of a company when the cause portfolio is focused (i.e., supports one issue) versus diverse (i.e., supports many issues). This is because the focused (vs. diverse) portfolio is perceived to have a weaker impact to society. We provide additional evidence of this effect using a data set of Fortune 500 companies’ foundations, showing that cause portfolios are more likely to result in lower stakeholder evaluations when focused (vs. diverse). Again, we find that donation amount alleviates the difference between focused and diverse portfolios. The findings hold important implications for the company’s management of cause portfolios.

Evaluating the Impact of E-government on Citizens

2010 ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong-yi Huang ◽  
Chung-pin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Administrative Service ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Since the early 1990s, the trend of e-government has attracted scholarly attention to the issue of how governments apply the information and communication technologies (the ICTs) in different services. While most studies focus on “what” and “how” questions of e-government, relatively little literature addresses the issue of “to what effect” it has on citizens. To fill this void, from user-centric perspective, this study examines Taiwan’s e-government performance, which has been ranked by international institutions as one of the top performers worldwide. The authors use a telephone interview data set from a survey conducted in 2007 with a random sample of 2000 respondents to analyze what impact the ICTs applications in administrative service and democracy improvement have on citizens in terms of cost and benefit. The authors’ findings show that e-government has had a significant, positive impact on citizens regarding their time saving, perception of information credibility, and satisfaction with the government. The results also suggest that the ICTs facilitate broader distribution of political information, a key to the success of e-democracy. The authors conclude this chapter by proposing suggestions for further strategic planning and critical research issues.

scholarly journals Effects of Selective Availability on GPS Positioning Accuracy

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Small Region ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Gps Positioning ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Satellite Geometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gps Accuracy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gps Observations

Abstract Deactivation of selective availability (SA) is expected to provide improvement in Global Positioning System (GPS) accuracy, and recent reports showed such improvements were realized immediately. However, most forestry GPS observations are made in subcanopy environments in which a GPS receiver's antenna can only receive GPS signals from a small region of the sky due to obstructions. Consequently, the satellite geometry will be poor, and position accuracy will suffer. Thus, there is a need to understand the impact of SA removal on positioning accuracy in high-PDOP subcanopy observations. This study found that it is difficult to approach the destination when GPS navigation is adversely influenced by SA accuracy degradation. When GPS positioning is performed after SA deactivation, a GPS observer can walk directly to the intended destination under thick tree canopies. Results also indicated that the horizontal accuracy is 73.3 m at the 95% probability level in the SA-degraded data set and 8.3 m in the SA-free data set. Further data analysis indicated that HDOPs (Langley 1999) recorded in the SA-on and the SA-off periods are not statistically significantly different. This suggests that a major portion of the difference in horizontal accuracies between SA-degraded and SA-free GPS observations can be attributed to difficulties in approaching the destination when SA is active. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):140–145.

scholarly journals Impact of Microcredit on Second Generation Borrowers in Bangladesh: Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Laila Arjuman Ara ◽  
Mohammad Masudur Rahman ◽  
Chanwahn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This article investigates the economic impact of continuing borrowers’ participation in the microcredit programme on poverty eradication in Bangladesh. A panel data set was collected through a field survey for the years 2013–2016 to identify the impact of a microcredit programme on continuous participation borrowers. The propensity score matching (PSM) method is used to eliminate selection bias and the difference-in-difference (DID) model is applied for the empirical analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate that more benefits are realized from continued participants compared to discontinued participants. JEL: C83, D14, G21, O12

Framework for Estimating the Impact of Camera-Based Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Technology on Incident Duration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (19) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Moylan ◽  
Sai Chand ◽  
S. Travis Waller
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Detection Delay ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Incident Duration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Safety is a major motivator of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) projects, and most efforts have addressed the potential to avoid incidents. Managing and reducing the duration of incidents is another key application for ITS despite challenges in distinguishing the true versus the reported duration of an incident. This paper presents a framework for modeling the impact of camera-based (closed-circuit television or CCTV) ITS technology on incident duration including an increase in the reported duration and a reduction in the true duration. The framework is validated against a data set of 121,793 accidents in New South Wales, Australia, covering 4.5 years. The results demonstrate that the use of CCTVs for incident duration contributes a 4.5 min reduction in average duration (as earlier detection can lead to more efficient clearance) and a 9% reduction in variance in the duration (as a uniform detection method supports standardized response procedures). These impacts are only visible when the 8.5 min median detection delay (the difference between the recorded duration and the true duration) is modeled and accounted for. These results offer a quantitative support tool for decision makers wishing to assess the value of incident-detection ITS projects.

scholarly journals Precipitation frequency in MED and EURO-CORDEX ensembles from 0.44° to convective permitting resolution: what explains the differences?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Ha-Truong ◽  
Sophie Bastin ◽  
Philippe Drobinski ◽  
Lluís Fita ◽  
Marjolaine Chiriaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Convection ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

<p>Dynamical models are a major tool for studying climate variability and its evolution. But despite the refinements in resolution and efforts to revise the dynamical and physical processes, rainfall extremes are still poorly represented, even at regional scales. Recent studies using convection-permitting simulations have demonstrated the improvement in representing heavy rainfall. In this study, we investigate the impacts of different model resolutions and convection representations (parameterized vs. explicit) in simulating precipitation frequency over Europe and the Mediterranean and try to explain the difference between model ensembles by focusing on triggering processes. For this purpose, we used a multi-model data-set with three different resolutions (0.44°, 0.11° and 0.0275°) produced in the context of the MED and EURO-CORDEX and the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Study on convection (FPSCONV). At 0.0275°, deep convection is explicitly represented while at 0.44° and 0.11°, it is parameterized with different schemes. In addition, to partially separate the impact of the higher resolution and convective schemes, we remapped the outputs of resolution 0.0275° to the 0.11° grid. To explain the difference in simulating precipitation frequency, a multi-variate approach is applied, in which precipitation is considered in the statistical relationship with tropospheric temperature and humidity - derived from colocated observations at the supersite SIRTA near Paris and some GPS stations. The results show that precipitation frequency in the higher resolution simulations is reduced because of a lower probability to exceed the critical value of integrated water vapor (IWVcv) over which precipitation picks up for different temperature bins. At low temperature, the probability decreases mostly due to a different humidity distribution in high resolution simulations, but for the temperature bins where the dominant precipitation type changes to convective precipitation, the decrease of probability to exceed IWVcv is mainly explained by a higher value of IWVcv. In these bins, the differences between 0.0275° and 0.44°, 0.11° resolutions become larger over southern Europe and the Mediterranean. This is not clear over mountain areas, where processes of triggering are more linked to orography than convection. Our results also suggest a decrease of model spread at higher temperature, and a stronger impact of switching off convective schemes than increasing resolution.</p>

scholarly journals Uncertainty in the Number of Calibration Repetitions of a Hydrologic Model in Varying Climatic Conditions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2362
Author(s):  
Patrik Sleziak ◽  
Ladislav Holko ◽  
Michal Danko ◽  
Juraj Parajka
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the number of calibration repetitions on hydrologic model performance and parameter uncertainty in varying climatic conditions. The study is performed in a pristine alpine catchment in the Western Tatra Mountains (the Jalovecký Creek catchment, Slovakia) using daily data from the period 1989–2018. The entire data set has been divided into five 6-years long periods; the division was based on the wavelet analysis of precipitation, air temperature and runoff data. A lumped conceptual hydrologic model TUW (“Technische Universität Wien”) was calibrated by an automatic optimisation using the differential evolution algorithm approach. To test the effect of the number of calibrations in the optimisation procedure, we have conducted 10, 50, 100, 300, 500 repetitions of calibrations in each period and validated them against selected runoff and snow-related model efficiency criteria. The results showed that while the medians of different groups of calibration repetitions were similar, the ranges (max–min) of model efficiency criteria and parameter values differed. An increasing number of calibration repetitions tend to increase the ranges of model efficiency criteria during model validation, particularly for the runoff volume error and snow error, which were not directly used in model calibration. Comparison of model efficiencies in climate conditions that varied among the five periods documented changes in model performance in different periods but the difference between 10 and 500 calibration repetitions did not change much between the selected time periods. The results suggest that ten repetitions of model calibrations provided the same median of model efficiency criteria as a greater number of calibration repetitions and model parameter variability and uncertainty were smaller.

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