A Spatial Analysis of Commuting Patterns of Electric Vehicle Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
Amirreza Nickkar ◽  
Hyeon-Shic Shin ◽  
Z. Andrew Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Commuting Patterns

This article explores the possible socio-demographic characteristics and factors that contribute to electric vehicle (EV) owner commuting patterns and travel behavior. The objective of the study is to inform decision makers of EV policies by identifying these influencing attributes. In total, 1,257 EV owners in Maryland completed usable surveys. Researchers employed a set of statistical analysis methods to analyze the data. They constructed a multinomial logistic regression to examine the associations between EV owner characteristics and their commuting patterns and compared the results to the spatial travel patterns of drivers of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in Maryland. The results of this study showed that socio-demographic factors including age, education, income, household size, the number of vehicles in the house, and political affiliation played a significant role in the commuting behavior and patterns of EV drivers. Moreover, about 60% of EV commuting trips originated from suburban areas, and 30% of all of EV commutes were suburban to suburban.

Impact of Neighborhood Built Environments on Shopping Travel Modes in Shanghai, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 669-681
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Junfeng Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Travel ◽  
Shopping Travel

Walking is one of the most widely used means of transport. Neighborhood built environments have a direct influence on individuals’ daily commuting, recreational travel patterns, and shopping travel behavior. In Chinese cities, shopping activities are among the most frequent reasons for daily travel. Yet, research on the impact of neighborhood built environments on people’s shopping travel activities in high-density cities is limited. To fill this research gap, this study investigates how neighborhood built environments might affect pedestrians’ shopping travel activities in Shanghai, China. The data, which includes shopping travel patterns, perceived environmental characteristics, and individual socioeconomic status, were collected from a survey of 21 randomly selected neighborhoods in Shanghai in 2011. In total, data from 2,838 samples (participants) were collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate how neighborhood built environments affect residents’ choice of travel mode for shopping, that is, the likelihood of taking transit, driving, or biking vs. walking. Results showed that nearly half of people surveyed (43.3%) used walking as their primary shopping mode. Road network density, presence of primary schools, and average sidewalk width were positively correlated with the likelihood of using walking as the primary shopping mode. Gender, age, and car ownership were also significant in the model.

CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gryshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Hladchenko ◽  
Uriy Overchenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Sales Forecasts ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Near Future

This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.

scholarly journals The Risk of Dissolution of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems in Times of Crisis: The Electric Vehicle during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Manel Arribas-Ibar ◽  
Petra Nylund ◽  
Alexander Brem
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Innovation Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Innovation ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

Innovation ecosystems evolve and adapt to crises, but what are the factors that stimulate ecosystem growth in spite of dire circumstances? We study the arduous path forward of the electric vehicle (EV) ecosystem and analyse in depth those factors that influence ecosystem growth in general and during the pandemic in particular. For the EV ecosystem, growth implies outcompeting the less sustainable internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, thus achieving a transition towards sustainable transportation. New mobility patterns provide a strategic opportunity for such a shift to green mobility and for EV ecosystem growth. For innovation ecosystems in general, we suggest that a crisis can serve as an opportunity for new innovations to break through by disrupting prior behavioural patterns. For the EV ecosystem in particular, it remains to be seen if the ecosystem will be able to capitalize on the opportunity provided by the unfortunate disruption generated by the pandemic.

scholarly journals Recent progress in battery electric vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 003685042110052
Author(s):  
Xia Hua ◽  
Alan Thomas ◽  
Kurt Shultis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Battery Electric Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Noise ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Transfer Case ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Noise Vibration

As battery electric vehicle (BEV) market share grows so must our understanding of the noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) phenomenon found inside the BEVs which makes this technological revolution possible. Similar to the conventional vehicle having encountered numerous NVH issues until today, BEV has to face many new and tough NVH issues. For example, conventional vehicles are powered by the internal combustion engine (ICE) which is the dominant noise source. The noises from other sources were generally masked by the combustion engine, thus the research focus was on the reduction of combustion engine while less attention was paid to noises from other sources. A BEV does not have ICE, automatic transmission, transfer case, fuel tank, air intake, or exhaust systems. In their place, there is more than enough space to accommodate the electric drive unit and battery pack. BEV is quieter without a combustion engine, however, the research on vehicle NVH is even more significant since the elimination of the combustion engine would expose many noise behaviors of BEV that were previously ignored but would now seem clearly audible and annoying. Researches have recently been conducted on the NVH of BEV mainly emphasis on the reduction of noise induced by powertrain, tire, wind and ancillary system and the improvement of sound quality. This review paper will focus on recent progress in BEV NVH research to advance the BEV systems in the future. It is a review for theoretical, computational, and experimental work conducted by both academia and industry in the past few years.

Powertrain Matching Based on Driving Cycle for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2013 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shang An Gao ◽  
Xi Ming Wang ◽  
Hong Wen He ◽  
Hong Qiang Guo ◽  
Heng Lu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cell Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Fuel Cell Hybrid

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is one of the most efficient technologies to solve the problems of the energy shortage and the air pollution caused by the internal-combustion engine vehicles, and its performance strongly depends on the powertrains’ matching and its energy control strategy. The theoretic matching method only based on the theoretical equation of kinetic equilibrium, which is a traditional method, could not take fully use of the advantages of FCHEV under a certain driving cycle because it doesn’t consider the target driving cycle. In order to match the powertrain that operates more efficiently under the target driving cycle, the matching method based on driving cycle is studied. The powertrain of a fuel cell hybrid electric bus (FCHEB) is matched, modeled and simulated on the AVL CRUISE. The simulation results show that the FCHEB has remarkable power performance and fuel economy.

A Methodological Approach for Supporting the Thermal Design of Li-Ion Battery for Customized Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Landi ◽  
Paolo Cicconi ◽  
Michele Germani
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Li Ion

An important issue in the mechanical industry is the reduction of the time to market, in order to meet quickly the customer needs. This goal is very important for SMEs that produce small lots of customized products. In the context of greenhouse gas emissions reduction, vehicles powered by electric motors seem to be the most suitable alternative to the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The market of customized electric vehicles is a niche market suitable for SMEs. Nowadays, the energy storage system of an electric vehicle powertrain consists of several Li-ion cells arranged in a container called battery pack. Particularly, the battery unit is considered as the most critical component in electric vehicle, because it impacts on performance and life cycle cost. Currently, the design of a battery pack mostly depends on the related market size. A longer design time is expected in the case of a large scale production. While a small customized production requires more agility and velocity in the design process. The proposed research focuses on a design methodology to support the designer in the evaluation of the battery thermal behavior. This work has been applied in the context of a customized small production. As test case, an urban electric light commercial vehicle has been analyzed. The designed battery layout has been evaluated and simulated using virtual prototyping tools. A cooling configuration has been analyzed and then prototyped in a physical vehicle. The virtual thermal behavior of a Li-ion battery has been validated at the test bench. The real operational conditions have been analyzed reproducing several ECE-15 driving cycles and many acceleration runs at different load values. Thermocouples have measured the temperature values during the physical experiments, in order to validate the analytical thermal profile evaluated with the proposed design approach.

SIMULATION OF HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE BASED ON A SERIES DRIVE TRAIN LAYOUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Sabirin Rahmat ◽  
Fauzi Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Kamal Mat Yamin ◽  
Noreffendy Tamaldin ◽  
Vimal Rau Aparow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This paper provided a validated modeling and a simulation of a 6 degree freedom vehicle longitudinal model and drive-train component in a series hybrid electric vehicle. The 6-DOF vehicle dynamics model consisted of tire subsystems, permanent magnet synchronous motor which acted as the prime mover coupled with an automatic transmission, hydraulic brake subsystem, battery subsystem, alternator subsystem and internal combustion engine to supply the rotational input to the alternator. A speed and torque tracking control systems of the electric power train were developed to make sure that the power train was able to produce the desired throttle torque in accelerating the vehicle. A human-in-the-loop-simulation was utilized as a mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid electric vehicle. The proposed simulation was used as the preliminary result in identifying the capability of the vehicle in terms of the maximum speed produced by the vehicle and the capability of the alternator to recharge the battery. Several tests had been done during the simulation, namely sudden acceleration, acceleration and braking test and unbounded motion. The results of the simulation showed that the proposed hybrid electric vehicle can produce a speed of up to 70 km/h with a reasonable charging rate to the battery. The findings from this study can be considered in terms of design, optimization and implementation in a real vehicle.

Artificial Intelligence-based Approach For Electric Vehicle Travel Behavior Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Jahangir ◽  
Masoud Aliakbar Golkar ◽  
Ali Ahmadian ◽  
Ali Elkamel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
Travel Behavior Modeling

How would you change your travel patterns if you used an electric vehicle? A stated adaptation approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 144-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joram H.M. Langbroek ◽  
Joel P. Franklin ◽  
Yusak O. Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Travel Patterns

scholarly journals Community Perceptions about Participating in Urban Park Establishment in Ulaanbaatar City, Mongolia

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268
Author(s):  
Bayarmaa Enkhbold ◽  
Kenichi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Land Size

Urban parks are essential for communities to maintain and improve health, culture, and quality of life. However, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, faces a shortage of urban parks due to overpopulation and unplanned land use. A good community-based strategy can help urban park planners and decision-makers understand residents’ needs. It can also improve livability and the urban environmental conditions at large. This paper attempts to understand residents’ perceptions about participating in urban park establishment and maintenance. As the past studies showed a lack of community participation in urban planning in Ulaanbaatar, it attempts to determine the extent to which residents perceive urban park benefits, the importance of community participation, preferred types of contribution, and willingness to contribution land in establishing urban parks in their neighborhood. In doing so, it identifies socio-demographic factors that influence their willingness to participate and contribute. A total of 600 paper-based questionnaires were randomly distributed among ger and apartment residents, and only 535 were analyzed. The result shows that approximately 73% of the respondents considered community participation very important for establishing urban parks in their neighborhood. Most respondents perceived urban park benefits as playgrounds for children, and relaxation and recreation. Respondents’ education and housing type were found significant in overall willingness to participate in park establishment and maintenance, whereas marital status and land size were observed statistically significant in the willingness of sharing some portions of their lands for park establishment in the ger area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document