Open Source Adoption Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Saini ◽  
C. N. Krishnan ◽  
L. N. Rajaram
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Free Open Source ◽  
Do So

This paper reports the preliminary results of a study conducted to assess and quantify the adoption of Free/Open Source Software (FOSS) by organisations and enterprises. While almost all organisations use FOSS in some form today, there is a wide variation in the manner and extent to which they do so, and presently no quantitative measure exists that can capture the true picture. The present work has built a model with two sets of parameters that, when fed with relevant data about an organisation, generates a single number, the FOSS Adoption Index (FAI), for that organisation. The index is so defined that the higher its value for an organisation, the greater is the extent of FOSS adoption in that organisation. Beyond the single measure FAI that gives a coarse assessment, the model also allows drilling down to finer levels of granularity that provides deeper insights into the status and role of FOSS within a given organisation. Primary data collected for two classes of organisations through questionnaire based surveys and interviews have been used to demonstrate the working of the model as well as its potential usefulness for real world situations.

Digital Donation Platform for Nonprofit and Charity Organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Fernando Almeida ◽  
Alexandre Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Volunteer Programs ◽  
Political Agents

Social economy has assumed a role of growing importance in these last decades, being seen by several entities and political agents as one of the pillars in a new sustainable economic model. Volunteer programs are multiplying, and greater coordination between the various involved actors is essential to guarantee that society's help reaches the people who need them. In this sense, a digital donation platform based exclusively on open source technologies has been proposed and developed, which simplifies the process of donation of goods to a set of causes created by social solidarity institutions. The application permits anonymous donations and allows the monitoring of the status of each donation by the donors. Additionally, usability was considered as a key element in the design of the application

Fostering a new industry in the Industrial Revolution: Boulton & Watt and gaslight 1800–1812

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE TOMORY
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Industry

AbstractGaslight emerged as a new industry after 1800 in Britain, but not in other countries in Europe where the technology existed as well. Among the many groups trying, it was only the firm of Boulton & Watt that succeeded in commercializing the invention for two important reasons. The first was that they possessed skills and experience related to ironworking and to making scientific instruments, both of which they used as they developed gaslight apparatus. This development involved an extensive series of experiments that ultimately had its root in James Watt's own work with pneumatic chemistry. The second reason was that they possessed many resources such as access to capital, their existing network of industrial customers, and their abilities to publicize their work. As with the steam engine, the firm proved adept at advertising. Boulton & Watt did not give their full attention to gaslight except in two spurts between 1805 and 1809, and by around 1812 they had lost almost all interest in the technology. By this time, however, they had solved many problems associated with scaling up gaslight apparatus for industrial use, they had trained many people who would go on to do further important work in the early years of the industry, and they had drawn extensive public attention to the new invention. Finally, their advertising involved elevating the status of William Murdoch as an inventor while minimizing the role of the firm.

Phylogeography and morphological variation of the northernmost distributed species of the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section (Liolaemini) from Patagonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Florencia Breitman ◽  
Ramiro Jesús Neyro Martinez ◽  
Luciano Javier Avila ◽  
Jack Walter Sites ◽  
Mariana Morando
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eleven Species

Lizards from the Liolaemus lineomaculatus section are endemic to Patagonia, southern South America. Three main groups are recognized within this section, one of which, the L. kingii group includes eleven species. The two northernmost distributed species of this group, L. somuncurae and L. uptoni, are endemic to a small area that partly overlaps with the Provincial Protected Area Somuncurá Plateau (within the Somuncurá massif). Knowledge available for these species is based on limited sample sizes, and mostly limited to their original descriptions; also a recent molecular phylogenetic study showed evidence for a closely related candidate species (Liolaemus sp. 4). In this paper we morphologically and genetically characterize the species L. somuncurae, L. uptoni, and L. sp. 4, and present past demographic hypotheses. We studied eighty lizards, and collected morphological and genetic data for almost all of them. The specific status of L. somuncurae and L. uptoni is supported by molecular, morphological, and distributional evidence, as well as the status of L. sp. 4; for which we recommend further morphological comparisons with other species of the L. kingii group. We also identified two novel lineages from restricted areas south of the Chubut River that we propose as candidate species. We extend previously published evidence (from plants and rodents) supporting the role of the Chubut River as an allopatric barrier. Also, in agreement with previous results based on plants, we found evidence for two refugia in northwestern Chubut, for which we encourage conservation efforts.

scholarly journals Community Perception of the Development of Productive Landscape in Yogyakarta City

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Alia Bihrajihant Raya ◽  
Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan ◽  
Retno Nur Utami ◽  
Ahmad Sarwadi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Landscape Development ◽  
Cultural Perceptions ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Status ◽  
Yogyakarta City

This research seeks to identify the potential of local community to support the development of productive landscape in Yogyakarta City. It hypothesizes the important roles of ecological perception, aesthetical perception, economics perception of productive plant, social-cultural perception, the role of social organization and the status of house ownership that would assist productive landscape development. This paper contributes to the importance of productive landscape development through community participation. The road/street location was chosen with purposive sampling by considering the characteristics of the arterial roads and local streets. Five arterial roads and five local streets were determined as the locations. The field survey method, with semi-structured questionnaires, was employed to obtain the primary data. The residences in arterial roads and local streets were selected by the linear systematic random sampling and the respondents participating in this study were 160 persons.  The results have shown that the perception of residents depends on the experiences of their situation. The majority of residents have disclosed the low response on economical perception of productive landscape development in the greenery. The development of productive landscape is influenced by the ecological, aesthetical and socio-cultural perceptions of the residents living nearby the arterial roads. Meanwhile, the residents of local streets have a different perception of productive landscape development, which is influenced by ecological and aesthetical perceptions. The collaboration between government and community should be made to develop the efforts to grow and manage the vegetations along the roadsides of the city.

The Role of Modularity in Free/Open Source Software Development

2008 ◽  
pp. 449-464
Author(s):  
Alessandro Narduzzo ◽  
Alessandro Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Modular Systems ◽  
Free Open Source Software ◽  
Modular Software ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Modular Architectures ◽  
Free Open Source

Software design and development in Free/Open Source projects are analyzed through the lens of the theory of modularity applied to complex systems. We show that both the architecture of the artifacts (software) and the organization of the projects benefited from the paradigm of modularity in an original and effective manner. In particular, our analysis on empirical evidence suggests that three main shortcuts to modular design have been introduced and effectively applied. First, some successful projects inherited previously existing modular architecture, rather than designing new modular systems from scratch. Second, popular modular systems, like GNU/Linux kernel, evolved from an initial integrated structure through a process of evolutionary adaptation. Third, the development of modular software took advantage of the violation of one fundamental rule of modularity, that is, information hiding. Through these three routines, the projects can exploit the benefits of modularity, such as concurrent engineering, division of labor, decentralized and parallel development; at the same time, these routines lessen some of the problems posed by the design of modular architectures, namely imperfect decompositions of interdependent components. Implications and extensions of Free/Open Source projects experience are discussed in the conclusions.

On the Role of Public Policies Supporting Free/Open Source Software

2009 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Stefano Comino ◽  
Fabio M. Manenti ◽  
Alessandro Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Free Open Source Software ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Software Markets ◽  
Free Open Source

Governments’ interest in free/open source software is steadily increasing. Several policies aimed at supporting free/open source software have been taken or are currently under discussion all around the world. In this chapter, we review the basic (economic) rationales for such policy interventions and we present some summary statistics on policies taken within the European countries. We claim that in order to evaluate correctly the consequences of such interventions one has to consider both the role and the administrative level at which such decisions are taken as well as the typology of software that is involved. Moreover, we argue that the level playing field cannot be taken for granted in software markets. Therefore, non-intrusive public policies that currently prevail at the European level in terms, for instance, of the promotion of open standards or in terms of campaigns aimed at informing IT decision-makers, are likely to be welfare enhancing.

On the Role of Public Policies Supporting Free/Open Source Software

2011 ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Comino ◽  
Fabio M. Manenti
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Level Playing Field ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Free Open Source Software ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Software Markets ◽  
Free Open Source

Governments’ interest in free/open source software is steadily increasing. Several policies aimed at supporting free/open source software have been taken or are currently under discussion all around the world. In this chapter, we review the basic (economic) rationales for such policy interventions and we present some summary statistics on policies taken within the European countries. We claim that in order to evaluate correctly the consequences of such interventions one has to consider both the role and the administrative level at which such decisions are taken as well as the typology of software that is involved. Moreover, we argue that the level playing field cannot be taken for granted in software markets. Therefore, non-intrusive public policies that currently prevail at the European level in terms, for instance, of the promotion of open standards or in terms of campaigns aimed at informing IT decision-makers, are likely to be welfare enhancing.

The Role of Firm Status in Appointments of Accounting Financial Experts to Audit Committees

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Erkens ◽  
Sarah E. Bonner
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Elite Education ◽  
Social Club ◽  
Financial Expertise ◽  
The Status ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT: Since 1999 regulators have attempted to improve the monitoring of financial reporting by exerting significant pressure on firms to appoint accounting financial experts (AFEs) to their audit committees. Yet, many firms have been reluctant to do so, which has made these firms more prone to financial reporting problems. We examine appointments of AFEs to the audit committees of S&P 1500 firms during the period 1999–2008 to explore whether concerns about the status of these experts discouraged firms from appointing them. We find that typical AFEs (CFOs and retired audit partners) have lower director status (board seats, trusteeships, social club memberships, and elite education) than other types of directors, and that this status gap is greater for higher status firms (larger, better connected, and more admired firms). Moreover, we find that higher status firms are less likely to appoint AFEs, suggesting that status-related concerns reduce the demand for accounting financial expertise on audit committees. Data Availability: All data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.

scholarly journals Free & Open Source Software (FOSS) in Website Designing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Secure Environment ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Social Networking Website ◽  
Free Open Source ◽  
The Way

People want website to be fast, user-friendly, secure & free to use. Web sites have become a critical part of business, and the tools to create and deploy Web sites are becoming more flexible and easier to use. This paper talks about the role of FOSS in Website Designing. FOSS proves to be a boon for website developers in the way that they are secure, robust and free to use & modify. The open source tools available in the market facilitate the tool -box of a website developer. The use of FOSS increases the productivity, provide a secure Environment & also save a website developer of getting screwed under the copyright act. This paper talks about the technologies which FOSS world currently offers to the website developers and also the revolution which is awaiting to flourish the market. It also incorporates a study of the recent developments & the way market is becoming more dependent on FOSS. For example, PHP is the basic element of the most famous social networking website today, the Facebook. Also, GMAIL is entirely based on the open source language, Python.

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