scholarly journals Extra and intracellular laccase titers of xylophagic bacteria isolated from adult termite

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51805
Author(s):  
Luciana Furlaneto Maia ◽  
Sérgio Luis Mendes Hoyos ◽  
Alex Kiyomassa Watanabe ◽  
Alane Tatiana Pereira Moralez ◽  
Marcia Cristina Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Extracellular Laccase ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
Important Enzyme

Laccase is an important enzyme in terms of its versatile applicability, but its commercial use is limited by factors such as high production cost, low activity and/or stability under given conditions. The objective of this study was to screen xylophagic bacteria isolated from termites for the production of extracellular and intracellular laccases. Six laccase-positive strains were isolated, namely CA, A3, A5, A6, A7 and A8. They were molecularly identified by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and classified under the genera Bacillus (A7, A8, CA) and Pseudomonas (A3, A5, A6). Laccase was produced by these bacterial isolates by submerged fermentation and was optimized at 37°C, pH 5.5, 6.2 and 7.0, with agitation and 0.5 mM guaiacol (as carbon source). Laccase activity was determined by measuring the oxidation of guaiacol and ABTS (2,21-azino bis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate]). Strain A5 produced extracellular laccase titers ranging from 123 to 168 U ml-1. Guaiacol was identified as a better substrate for the quantification of laccase. In conclusion, bacteria harboring the gut of termites can produce extracellular laccase with activity at medium to moderate acidity.

scholarly journals Upaya Pengembangan Agribisnis Sapi Perah dan Peningkatan Produksi Susu Melalui Pemberdayaan Koperasi Susu

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
Wahyuning Kusuma Sejati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

<strong>English</strong><br />Recently national milk production has not met the domestic consumption due to slow development of dairy cattle agribusiness. That is why the dairy cattle agribusiness needs to be developed to fulfill national milk consumption. Limited milk production is due to small dairy cattle agribusiness scale, low milk production capacity, and cheap selling price that is not equal to the relatively high production cost leading to low farmers’ low income. In dairy cattle agribusiness the farmers are integrated with the milk-oriented cooperatives that play important role in the development of dairy cattle agribusiness.   To encourage the development of dairy cattle agribusiness it is necessary to empower the cooperatives in order to improve agribusiness scale, to enhance milk production capacity, and to lower the production cost. Cooperatives empowerment is conducted through provision of improved female dairy cattle, high quality of concentrate at affordable price, and better management of the cooperatives. <br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsumsi susu nasional Indonesia sampai saat ini belum dapat dipenuhi melalui produksi dalam negeri, sebagai akibat lambannya perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah. Oleh karena itu pengembangan agribisnis sapi perah dipandang perlu dipacu agar produksi susu memenuhi kebutuhan susu nasional. Faktor utama penyebab ketidakmampuan produksi susu nasional dalam memenuhi permintaan konsumsi susu nasional adalah karena skala usaha yang kecil, kemampuan produksi susu rendah, harga jual susu yang tidak memadai dan biaya produksi yang relatif tinggi. Hal ini menjadikan pendapatan peternak menjadi rendah. Dalam agribisnis sapi perah, peternak tidak bisa lepas dari keberadaan koperasi. Untuk memacu perkembangan agribisnis sapi perah, perlu adanya pemberdayaan koperasi untuk meningkatkan skala usaha, meningkatan kemampuan produksi susu dan menekan biaya produksi. Pemberdayaan dilakukan melalui penyediaan sumber bibit sapi perah betina, penyediaan pakan konsentrat yang berkualitas dengan harga yang terjangkau, maupun bisnis KPS.

scholarly journals Isolation of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Producing Bacteria, Optimization of Culture Conditions for PHB production, Extraction and Characterization of PHB

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Thapa ◽  
Pallavi Shakya ◽  
Rabina Shrestha ◽  
Sushovita Pal ◽  
Prakash Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Culture Condition ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Bacillus Pasteurii ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Micro Organisms

Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) are energy reserves synthesized by different micro-organisms such as Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Algae, in excess of carbon and limitation of nutrients like nitrogen. These biopolymers are suitable alternate to synthetic carbon-based polymers. However, the high production cost limits their commercialization. The aim of this study was thus, focused on optimization of culture condition for maximum PHB production in an attempt to reduce the production cost. The micro-organisms for this purpose were isolated from 4 different soil samples and screened for PHB production. Culture conditions for these organisms were optimized by changing the parameters, viz., incubation time, pH, carbon source and NaCl concentration. Thus, optimized culture condition was used to culture the isolates for extraction of PHB and its analysis. The extracted compounds on FTIR-analysis gave characteristic C=O peak of PHB, thus, confirming the seven isolates to be PHB producers. Results for optimized parameters for the isolated PHB positive species showed that synthesis of PHB was maximum at 48 hours i.e. during the early stages of stationary phase. However, different isolates favored different culture conditions. Highest PHB accumulation and growth of isolates were seen at pH 7 and 9. Similarly, it was observed that glucose was favored by 4 isolates and sucrose was favored by 3 isolates. Interestingly, NaCl concentration did not cause significant effect on neither the bacterial growth nor the PHB production. During the extraction of PHB from the optimized culture conditions, extraction of PHB from broth gave significant yield than that from agar. A good PHB yield from broth amounting to 36.41% and 34.59% was observed for Bacillus pasteurii and Micrococcus luteus respectively, showing a potential for their exploitation in industrial PHB production. At optimized conditions, 7 isolates exhibited significant PHB yields, thus showing a potential for further exploitation.

scholarly journals Comparative study of sucrose plasticised bioplastic derivatives with selected petro-plastics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 386-394
Author(s):  
E.C. Agwamba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Production ◽  
Bulk Matrix ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Hcl Concentration

The major setback with most bioplastics is their inherent inability to compete with Petro-plastics in terms of high production cost, and there poor mechanical properties like low tensile strength and percentage extension. This study explore the availability and affordability of mango starch as raw material for bioplastic production and compared some of its mechanical properties with High density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Polyurethane (PU). Mango starch was used to synthesize bioplastic derivatives, with variable levels of sucrose as plasticiser, aqueous HCl concentration and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as additive and the mechanical properties of the derived biofilms was measured and compared with the selected Petro-plastics films. It was observed that B1 thermoplastic derivatives have the higher young modulus of 5.658 GPa than that obtained for PVC (4.682 GPa), and PU (3.771 GPa) but show no significant difference and significantly higher than that of HDPE (0.049 GPa), and LDPE (0.063 GPa) (p < 0.05). B2 and B3 indicated a young modulus that is significantly lower than PU and PVC, but showed a young modulus that is higher than LDPE and HDPE with no significant difference (p < 0.05). The FTIR spectra indicate that hydrogen bond was formed in the bulk matrix of the bioplastic derivatives at a band region of 3600 -600 cm-1 wavenumber with broad discrete peaks. Keywords: Petro-plastics; Bioplastics; Mechanical Properties; Plasticization; Mango Starch

Profitability of Sugar Beet Crop in 2018/2019 Campaign on the Example of Lubelskie Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krzysiak
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop

AbstractThe work presents a complex analysis and cost accounting of beet sugar cultivation in 2018/2019 campaign for individual farms of Lublin region. The economic results obtained by producers are mainly affected by indirect costs accounting for 60.11% of the revenue from the total production. Within this group of costs, the major components are sowing service, harvest and soil liming operations reaching 39.38%. Sugar beet production in the analyzed campaign was profitable, with the profitability index of 1.24 and unit production cost 14.33 PLN∙dt−1 is considered one of the profit-making activities in agricultural production, yet it is characterized by a high production cost that gobbled up to 80.39% of the total revenue in the analyzed 2018/19 campaign. The main factor influencing the income from sugar beet cultivation was the price for the raw material, which in the considered business year in relation to the previous season increased by only 0.77 PLN∙t−1.

scholarly journals Using Unnatural Protein Fusions to Engineer a Coenzyme Self-Sufficiency System for D-Phenyllactic Acid Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Qin ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Ruoshi Luo ◽  
Tinglan Li ◽  
Xiaochao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Glycerol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

The biosynthetic production of D-penyllactic acid (D-PLA) is often affected by insufficient supply and regeneration of cofactors, leading to high production cost, and difficulty in industrialization. In this study, a D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-LDH) and glycerol dehydrogenase (GlyDH) co-expression system was constructed to achieve coenzyme NADH self-sufficiency and sustainable production of D-PLA. Using glycerol and sodium phenylpyruvate (PPA) as co-substrate, the E. coli BL21 (DE3) harboring a plasmid to co-express LfD-LDH and BmGlyDH produced 3.95 g/L D-PLA with a yield of 0.78 g/g PPA, similar to previous studies. Then, flexible linkers were used to construct fusion proteins composing of D-LDH and GlyDH. Under the optimal conditions, 5.87 g/L D-PLA was produced by expressing LfD-LDH-l3-BmGlyDH with a yield of 0.97 g/g PPA, which was 59.3% increased compared to expression of LfD-LDH. In a scaled-up reaction, a productivity of 5.83 g/L/h was reached. In this study, improving the bio-catalytic efficiency by artificial redox self-equilibrium system with a bifunctional fusion protein could reduce the bio-production cost of D-PLA, making this bio-production of D-PLA a more promising industrial technology.

Production Costs and Net Energy Balance of Liquid and Gaseous Biofuels

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Filippo Randelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

From the analysis carried out, it emerges that first generation biofuels don’t seem to be the best solution because of high production cost, limited land availability and low net energy balance. Furthermore, only a small quantity of biofuels can be produced as alternative to fossil oil because an incremental production will lead to the rising of agri-food prices. Biogas handling waste products can be a good opportunity in terms of net energy balance, in particular if we consider also targets within the EU on reducing the amounts of biodegradable waste going to landfills and/or incineration. Only second generation biofuels could be a possible solution, although they still require much supplementary research and analysis.

Techno-economic indicators for the thermochemical and biochemical routes for biofuels production using sugarcane bagasse as feedstock

2010 ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Obando ◽  
M.A Gualdrón ◽  
M.L.G. Reno ◽  
E.E.S. Lora
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
High Investment ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
By Products ◽  
Dry Substance

The main goal of this paper is to compare the biochemical and thermochemical routes for second generation biofuels production performance, using efficiency and economic indicators. In both cases, the feedstock used is bagasse. Calculations are carried out for a biofuel plant having a bagasse consumption of 1772 t/d of dry substance, equivalent to 400 MW of thermal energy. By-products utilisation, such as lignin in the biochemical route, and bagasse for steam and electricity self-sufficiency through cogeneration were also considered. The high production cost of bioethanol obtained through the biochemical route (USD21.32 to USD22.7 per GJETOH) is strongly influenced by the enzyme costs. The biomethanol production cost by the thermochemical route (USD15.82 per GJMeOH) is mainly influenced by the high investment cost.

Development of Non-SF6 Strip Casting Process for Mg Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong In Jang ◽  
Shae K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Strip Casting ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Az31 Mg Alloy ◽  
Melt Cleanliness ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

For non-SF6 process and melt cleanliness, CaO added AZ31 Mg alloy has been developed for strip casting. Mg alloys were usually ignited during conventional casting, the continuous casting and strip casting. Protective gases should be used in order to prevent the ignition of Mg alloys during melting and casting processes. However, protective gases have the disadvantages of global warming potential, high production cost and corrosion of steel based equipments. To solve ignition problem and overcome environmental issue, this paper discussed the effects of CaO addition and amount on strip casting process in terms of non-SF6 process and melt cleanliness.

Window Encapsulation in Car Industry by Using the 50 Ω RF Technology

1996 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bernard ◽  
Mr. Barboteau ◽  
L. Collet
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Industrial Installation ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
High Production ◽  
High Production Cost

AbstractThroughout the world car industry has been using window encapsulation for a few years now. This technology is mainly used in production lines and is called RIM for polyurethane reaction injection moulding.This technology, however brings about some problems such as:– glass breaking during mould closure,– high production cost,– systematic rough edges.The PSA Group (Peugeot-Citroën), a pioneer in this field, in collaboration with SAIREM has launched a new innovating process for window encapsulation by using the 50 Ω RF technology for gelling PVC Plastisol.The study was followed by an industrial prototype. Industrial equipment was then installed at WEBASTO HEULIEZ for window encapsulation of the sunshine roof for the Citroën Xantia.The authors describe the principle of window encapsulation and the different existing processes. He describes the 50 ΩRF technology, an industrial installation and the constraints of this technology in order to get maximum efficiency.In the conclusion they present a technical and economical analysis of the different solutions for window encapsulation. They also present the advantages of the 50 Ω RF technology and the new opportunities it offers.In the conclusion they present a technical and economical analysis of the different solutions for window encapsulation. They also present the advantages of the 50 Ω RF technology and the new opportunities it offers.

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