Determination the Heat Price of a Combined Heat and Power Plant with the Energy Grade Theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1227-1230
Author(s):  
Zhong Min Li ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
High Price ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Practice Condition ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Theory Foundation

The combined heat and power plant furnish heat and electric, which are two different quality energy. And benefit returns to electric, benefit returns to heat and their trade off compose three methods to share the cost of the combined heat and power plant. Theory of energy grade is the thermodynamic viewpoint, which is not only considering the energy conservation, but also the energy matching. It takes into account all the quality and quantity of the utilized energy. In the present article, theory of energy grade is applied to analyze the heat usage of heat consumer. That takes the price of electric as basis. This method simplifies the calculation, has the reasonable theory foundation and meets the practice condition. It also reflects the idea of using energy according to the quality and high quality, high price

scholarly journals Synchronizing vigilance or taking turns as sentinels? The importance of testing coordination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie van der Marel ◽  
Jane M. Waterman ◽  
Marta López-Darias
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Structure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Alarm Signal ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Diurnal Species

AbstractDiurnal species can reduce the cost of the trade-off between feeding and predation risk by 1) performing low-quality (vigilance while performing another behavior) instead of high-quality vigilance (only performing vigilance) or 2) by vigilance coordination either by taking turns acting as sentinels or by synchronizing vigilance bouts. A sentinel system assumes that sentinels are located at raised positions, alarm signal, and alternate vigilance bouts. However, many species with a described sentinel system have not been tested yet for coordination. We set out to study coordinated behavior and the reasons for this behavior in the invasive Barbary ground squirrel, Atlantoxerus getulus, using behavioral observations and genetic analyses. This species performs a type of vigilance (‘perch behavior’) seemingly similar to sentinel behavior as individuals performed high-quality vigilance at raised locations for over 30 s, but alternating coordination is unknown. Perch behavior was coordinated but synchronized instead of taking turns (sentinel). Both sexes performed perch behavior and individuals performed perch behavior in the absence and presence of kin and offspring. We found that survival or time spent foraging did not decrease for perched individuals, nor that individual survival increased. Perch behavior in the invasive population of A. getulus may be synchronized 1) to perform an optimal activity when satiated (low costs), and, 2) may be an adaptation to habitat structure (large benefits). Our study demonstrates that the cost of the vigilance/foraging trade-off may not be high for invasive species and argued the importance of testing for coordination in species with described sentinel systems.

scholarly journals Integrated Periodic Timetabling and Vehicle Circulation Scheduling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf N. Van Lieshout
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Valid Inequalities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Average Travel Time ◽  
Periodic Timetabling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Periodic timetabling is one of the most well-researched problems in the public transport optimization literature. However, the impact that timetabling has on the number of required vehicles, which directly translates to operator costs, is rarely considered. Therefore, in this paper, we consider the problem of jointly optimizing the timetable and the vehicle circulation schedule, which specifies the cyclic sequences of trips that vehicles perform. In order to obtain high-quality solutions to realistic instances, we improve an earlier proposed formulation by contraction techniques, three new valid inequalities, and symmetry-breaking constraints. Ultimately, this allows us to explore the trade-off between the number of vehicles and the attractiveness of the timetable from the passengers’ perspective. An extensive computational study demonstrates the effectiveness of the improved formulation. Moreover, using this approach, we are able to find timetables requiring substantially fewer vehicles at the cost of minimal increases of the average travel time of passengers.

scholarly journals Comparative performance of PPPs and traditional procurement projects in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gigih Udi Atmo ◽  
Colin Duffield ◽  
Lihai Zhang ◽  
David Ian Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcomes of Indonesian power projects as representative projects of Asian emerging economies that were procured via public-private partnerships (PPPs) and traditional public sector procurement. Power generation infrastructure delivery in emerging economies frequently seeks private participation via PPPs as one of the key mechanisms to attract private finance. Undertaking a comparative benchmark study of the outcomes of Indonesian power projects provides an opportunity to explore the historic evidence as to whether PPPs deliver better outcomes than traditional public procurement in emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach This paper reports on a study of the performance of 56 Indonesian power projects procured via either PPPs or traditional procurement. First, it focusses on project time and cost outcomes of power plant facility during construction and commissioning and then extends this comparison to consider the operating availability of power plants during their first two years of operation. Findings The results indicate that PPP projects had superior time and operating availability to those procured traditionally whereas no significant differences were identified in the cost performance between PPPs and traditionally procured projects. These findings highlight the importance of adopting policies that are supported by broader sources of international financiers and high quality power plant developers. Research limitations/implications The quality performance analyses of projects (based on equivalent available factor indices) were limited to the power plants in the Java-Bali region where the majority of projects are large scale power plants. Practical implications This study provides an empirical basis for governments of emerging economies to select the most beneficial procurement strategy for power plant projects. It highlights the importance of selecting experienced providers and to adopt policies that attract high quality international project financiers and power plant developers. This includes the need to ensure the commercial viability of projects and to seriously consider the use of cleaner power technologies. Originality/value This study is the first to compare the outcomes of power projects in Asian emerging economies delivered via PPPs against those delivered by traditional public procurement that includes consideration of the quality of the delivered product.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of a Combined Heat and Power Plant Integrated with Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology: A Case Study for Central Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Gładysz ◽  
Anna Sowiżdżał ◽  
Maciej Miecznik ◽  
Maciej Hacaga ◽  
Leszek Pająk
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study is to assess the techno-economic potential of the proposed novel energy system, which allows for negative emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). The analyzed system comprises four main subsystems: a biomass-fired combined heat and power plant integrated with a CO2 capture and compression unit, a CO2 transport pipeline, a CO2-enhanced geothermal system, and a supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle. For the purpose of the comprehensive techno-economic assessment, the results for the reference biomass-fired combined heat and power plant without CO2 capture are also presented. Based on the proposed framework for energy and economic assessment, the energy efficiencies, the specific primary energy consumption of CO2 avoidance, the cost of CO2 avoidance, and negative CO2 emissions are evaluated based on the results of process simulations. In addition, an overview of the relevant elements of the whole system is provided, taking into account technological progress and technology readiness levels. The specific primary energy consumption per unit of CO2 avoided in the analyzed system is equal to 2.17 MJLHV/kg CO2 for biomass only (and 6.22 MJLHV/kg CO2 when geothermal energy is included) and 3.41 MJLHV/kg CO2 excluding the CO2 utilization in the enhanced geothermal system. Regarding the economic performance of the analyzed system, the levelized cost of electricity and heat are almost two times higher than those of the reference system (239.0 to 127.5 EUR/MWh and 9.4 to 5.0 EUR/GJ), which leads to negative values of the Net Present Value in all analyzed scenarios. The CO2 avoided cost and CO2 negative cost in the business as usual economic scenario are equal to 63.0 and 48.2 EUR/t CO2, respectively, and drop to 27.3 and 20 EUR/t CO2 in the technological development scenario. The analysis proves the economic feasibility of the proposed CO2 utilization and storage option in the enhanced geothermal system integrated with the sCO2 cycle when the cost of CO2 transport and storage is above 10 EUR/t CO2 (at a transport distance of 50 km). The technology readiness level of the proposed technology was assessed as TRL4 (technological development), mainly due to the early stage of the CO2-enhanced geothermal systems development.

Sky Segmentation for Enhanced Depth Reconstruction and Bokeh Rendering with Efficient Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 378-1-378-7
Author(s):  
Tyler Nuanes ◽  
Matt Elsey ◽  
Radek Grzeszczuk ◽  
John Paul Shen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Depth Reconstruction ◽  
Binary Classifiers

We present a high-quality sky segmentation model for depth refinement and investigate residual architecture performance to inform optimally shrinking the network. We describe a model that runs in near real-time on mobile device, present a new, highquality dataset, and detail a unique weighing to trade off false positives and false negatives in binary classifiers. We show how the optimizations improve bokeh rendering by correcting stereo depth misprediction in sky regions. We detail techniques used to preserve edges, reject false positives, and ensure generalization to the diversity of sky scenes. Finally, we present a compact model and compare performance of four popular residual architectures (ShuffleNet, MobileNetV2, Resnet-101, and Resnet-34-like) at constant computational cost.

Improving the Energy Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of a Combined Heat and Power Plant through the Use of Heat Absorption Transformers

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Yuriy V. Yavorovsky ◽  
◽  
I′ldar A. Sultanguzin ◽  
Aleksey I. Bartenev ◽  
Stanislava A. Prishchepova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Developing Schedule With Linear Programming (Case Study: STTF II Project Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Naufal Dzikri Afifi ◽  
Ika Arum Puspita ◽  
Mohammad Deni Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Minimum Time ◽  
Service Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
The Cost

Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran Project is one of the projects implemented by one of the companies engaged in telecommunications. In its implementation, each project including Shift to The Front II Komplek Sukamukti Banjaran has a time limit specified in the contract. Project scheduling is an important role in predicting both the cost and time in a project. Every project should be able to complete the project before or just in the time specified in the contract. Delay in a project can be anticipated by accelerating the duration of completion by using the crashing method with the application of linear programming. Linear programming will help iteration in the calculation of crashing because if linear programming not used, iteration will be repeated. The objective function in this scheduling is to minimize the cost. This study aims to find a trade-off between the costs and the minimum time expected to complete this project. The acceleration of the duration of this study was carried out using the addition of 4 hours of overtime work, 3 hours of overtime work, 2 hours of overtime work, and 1 hour of overtime work. The normal time for this project is 35 days with a service fee of Rp. 52,335,690. From the results of the crashing analysis, the alternative chosen is to add 1 hour of overtime to 34 days with a total service cost of Rp. 52,375,492. This acceleration will affect the entire project because there are 33 different locations worked on Shift to The Front II and if all these locations can be accelerated then the duration of completion of the entire project will be effective

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document