A New Kind of Catalyst for Enhancing the Conversion Rate of Fe2+ to Fe3+

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Xiao Qing Niu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Pyrite Cinder ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sulfate Production

In poly ferric sulfate production process with pyrite cinder as the main raw material, the sodium nitrite as catalyst is too toxic to be used largely. By orthogonal experiment and single factor experiments, the best reaction conditions were studied for the sodium nitrite as the catalyst, the amount of catalyst is 0.8%, the reaction temperature is 50°C and the reaction time is 60 minutes. According these conditions, the catalyst (CH-2) was used to promote the oxidation-polymerization reaction. Results showed that the use of this non-sodium nitrite catalyst could not eliminate the product toxicity that would be caused by using sodium nitrite catalyst but also make the toxicity of PFS was eliminated and the performance was better.

Preparation of Na2S from Na2SO4 Using CO

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 703-706
Author(s):  
Xiao Yi Shen ◽  
Hong Mei Shao ◽  
Zhi Meng Wang ◽  
Yu Chun Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Material Thickness

Na2SO4 solution that was obtained from ZnSO4 solution after Zn2+ precipitation using Na2CO3 was used as raw material. The Na2SO4·7H2O crystallization was obtained through cooling the Na2SO4 solution, and then the solution was cycled. The Na2SO4·7H2O was dried and then put into a porcelain boat located in a roaster. When the reaction between Na2SO4 and CO ended, the Na2S was obtained. The influences of reaction temperature, reaction time and material thickness on the conversion rate were discussed. The appropriate reaction conditions were reaction temperature 675°C, reaction time 120min and material thickness less than 4cm.

Research on Polymerization Processes of Cationic Polyacrylate Emulsion and its Optimization

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1190-1194
Author(s):  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu Bin Lv ◽  
Jin Li Li ◽  
Wen Cai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Drop Time ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Emulsification Process

Cationic polyacrylate emulsion was prepared in lab by semi-continuous seed pre-emulsification process. After the single factor experiments, the orthogonal experiments were made to get the optimal polymerization processes. Through the single factor experiment and further the orthogonal experiment optimization, it shows that the sequence of the effect of these factors on the viscosity of emulsion is drop time > reaction time > reaction temperature. The sequence of the effect of these factors on the solid content of emulsion is drop time > reaction time > reaction temperature. The sequence of the effect of these factors on the conversion rate of emulsion is drop time > reaction time > reaction temperature. The obtained best polymerization processes are the drop time is 1.5h, the reaction time is 5h, the reaction temperature is 85 °C. Under the best polymerization processes, the properties of the emulsion are the solid content is 35.40%, the conversion rate is 96.33%, the viscosity is 456.67mPa.s, the particle size is 490.20nm, the Zeta potential is 30.50 mV and pH is 2.50.

scholarly journals Formation of conjugated double bonds in soybean oil with iodine as a catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Jinlan Yang ◽  
Rifu Yang ◽  
Haifen He ◽  
Qihai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
High Conversion Rate

A method for the iodine-catalyzed conjugation of soybean oil was developed, and the conjugated product was analyzed by UV, IR, and 1H NMR. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for conjugation included a temperature of 180?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.% and a reaction time of 3 h, at which the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid was 1.51 mol L-1, with 92 % conversion, the CLNA reached 0.225 mol L-1 when the temperature was 130?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.%, and a reaction time of 3 h with a conversion rate of 99.9 %. The reaction predominantly produced trans-trans, trans-cis and cis-trans isomers. It was also revealed that the conjugation of linolenic acid was much faster than that of linoleic acid. The method possessed the advantages of a short procedure, a high conversion rate, and no methyl esterification of the raw material, and it was an environmentally friendly technology that does not use solvents.

Optimization of Processing Technology of Acetylated Corn Starch Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhou Chen ◽  
Guo Ping Yin
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Starch Films

Abstract. In this experiment acetylated corn starch was taken as the raw material and its filming property was studied through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the different concentrations of acetylated corn starch, glycerol, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde had significant effects on the properties of the acetylated corn starch/PVA films. And the optimum film-forming conditions were 4.5% acetylated corn starch, 4.5% PVA, 4.0% glycerol and 0.4% glutaraldehyde for the coating liquid of film-forming, among which the most important factor was the glycerol concentration; the following factors were the acetylated corn starch concentration, the polyvinyl alcohol concentration and the glutaraldehyde concentration.

Catalytic Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by (NH4)6[MnMo9O32]•8H2O Supported Activated Carbon with Waugh Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Mei Xu ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Feng Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Isoamyl Alcohol ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

The synthesis of isoamyl acetate with ammonium 9-molybdate manganese heteropolyacid salt supported activated carbon as catalyst was studied. The optimum reaction conditions are obtained as follows: isoamyl alcohol to acetic acid molar ratio = 1.646, the weight of catalyst is 40% of total weigh, m (acidulate catalyst)=0.2g, m (water carrying reagent toluene) = 3ml, reaction time is about 63 minutes. Selectivity is 100% and conversion rate is 89.48%.

scholarly journals A Long-Chain Alkylation of Dialdehyde Starch to Improve Its Thermal Stability and Hydrophobicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Wang ◽  
Haitao Ni ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Hydrophobic dialdehyde starch (HDAS) was synthesized by dialdehyde starch (DAS) and eighteen-alkyl primary amine as the raw material in DMSO. The effect of the reaction conditions on the yield of HDAS was investigated such as catalyst content, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the in-feed molar ratio of -CHO/-NH2. Moreover, the optimized test parameters were obtained by conducting orthogonal experiment. The molecular structure and the morphology of HDAS were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of HDAS were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and the hydrophobic testing. The results indicate that the yield of HDAS is the highest up to 44.21%, with feed composition 1 : 0.9, reaction temperature 40°C, reaction time 8 h, and acetic acid content 3%. And the introduction of the long-chain alkyl groups into the DAS backbones will ameliorate efficaciously the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of DAS, which almost has no effect on the DAS particle size.

Studies on Filming of Corn Starch

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Zhi Zhou Chen ◽  
Jian Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
Starch Films

In this study, corn starch was taken as the raw material and its filming property was studied through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that there were significant effects on properties of the corn starch films under different corn starch concentration, glycerol concentration, CMC-Na concentration and pH value of coating liquid. Referring to the effects on properties of corn starch films, the most important factor was the glycerol concentration, the following factors were the pH value of the coating liquid, the CMC-Na concentration and the corn starch concentration. The optimum filming condition was 5.5% corn starch, 1.0% glycerol, 0.15% CMC-Na and pH 6.0-6.9 for the coating liquid of film-forming.

Study on Preparation of Calcium Sulfate Whisker with Leaching Tailings of Nickel Ore

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2084-2087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Chun Yan Zhuang ◽  
De Qin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Whiskers ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Whisker

Taking leaching tailings of the nickel ore as raw material, calcium sulfate whiskers were prepared. The effects of Mg/Ca mole ratio, concentration of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature and precipitating time on the recovery of calcium were studied in this paper. The preparation method and reaction conditions of fibrous calcium sulfate whisker have been optimized by an orthogonal experiment, in order to obtain a high grade whisker product which could meet industrial requirements on whiteness and size.

Advances Research on Preparation of Magnesium Carbonate Whisker

2013 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Rui Shen ◽  
Gang Chu ◽  
Xin Pu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization

Magnesium carbonate whisker is a single crystal of magnesium carbonate crystal, which has an integral crystal growth, and small defects, furthermore, it is colorless, transparent, and has high-intensity. It has an incomparable property compared to other conventional whiskers. It is a cost-effective whisker; thus has been of great interest due of this characteristic. Reported magnesium carbonate whiskers have been increased gradually since the beginning of this century. The preparation of magnesium carbonate whisker can be done by using chemicals as raw material, as well as by using natural resources, such as: seawater concentrated liquid and magnesite. Although magnesite resources are abundant in China, its low exploitation and utilization had long been the reason for low grade ore problems. The use of magnesium ore to optimize conditions for the preparation of magnesium carbonate whisker by adjusting reaction conditions, not only took advantage of mineral resources, but also helped to achieve industrial production of magnesium carbonate whiskers. We also analyzed how some factors had influenced the morphologies of MgCO3•3H2O, such as: reaction temperature, reaction time, and stirring speed etc.

Research on Synthesis Regularity of Epoxysuccinic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 942-945
Author(s):  
Qing He Gao ◽  
Yi Can Wang ◽  
Zhi Feng Hou ◽  
Hui Juan Qian ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Sodium Hydrate

The yield of epoxysuccinic acid was obtained by determining the content of unreacted maleic anhydride and tartaric acid as a by-product in synthesis system. This method could calculate the yield of epoxysuccinic acid precisely and overcome the disadvantage of obtaining inpure product by recrystallization method. Epoxysuccinic Acid was synthesized using maleic anhydride as raw material, hydrogen peroxide as oxidizer and tungstate as catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ratio of materials, dosage of oxidizer and catalyst on epoxidation and hydrolysis reaction was investigated. The results showed that the yield of epoxysuccinic acid was 88% when the reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 65°C, reaction time 1.5h, catalyst dosage 3%(based on mass of maleic anhydride), molar ratio of sodium hydrate to maleic anhydride 2:1, mass ratio of hydrogen peroxide to maleic anhydride 1:1.

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