An Automatic Measurement for Pipeline Thickness Detection Using Ultrasonic Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 1427-1436
Author(s):  
Bo Dai ◽  
Ming Lu Ma
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Decision Error ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

The measurement of wall thickness of pipelines is an important procedure of pipeline corrosion inspection. This procedure can be done automatically in a computer by processing data acquired from ultrasound probe, forming C-scan image, and running thickness detection algorithms. This paper presents in detail the comparison of three ways of processing, which are FFT algorithm, twice FFT algorithm, and improved twice FFT algorithm. The final results show that improved twice FFT algorithm has the best precision compared with the other two algorithms. It has higher accuracy than FFT algorithm and less decision error than twice FFT algorithm. Using this method, defects of a pipeline can be identified and measured effectively using ultrasonic wave.

A Practical Ultrasonic Inspection Method for Detecting and Characterising Defects Found Within Composite Repairs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Downing ◽  
A Hook
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Inspection ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Ultrasonic Technique ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Composite Repairs ◽  
Layered Matrix

Two steel substrate test panels were developed to represent common plate thicknesses found on naval vessels and scanned using the Babcock developed ultrasonic technique. One sample comprised of a series of slotted surface breaking flaws of varying widths and through thicknesses to represent fracturing/cracking. The inspection method detected simulated cracking to a depth of 2mm and 0.5mm in width. The second sample included numerous loss of wall thickness areas of varying diameters and through thicknesses, with the smallest detectable loss of wall thickness being 0.1mm at a 15mm diameter. After proving confidence in detection, there was a need to characterise flaws to provide support and ascertain a repair action. Samples were produced that were subjected to either impact or heat exposure to induce realistic representative damage. The practical ultrasonic method was successfully used to independently characterise between the samples, with induced de-laminations caused by blisters, and multi layered matrix cracking caused by varying levels of projectile impacts, due to their unique morphology.

Table II : Quantitative determination of carbonyl compounds at different odour sources (concentrations in ppb) Rendering plant Gelatine plant neighbourhood neighbourhood Formaldehyde 40 16 Acetaldehyde 39 24 Acetone 36 73 Prcpanal 10 -Isobutyraldehyde 10 30 Pentanal 15 19 Hexanal 3.52 Heptanal 12.5 Octanal 10.5 Nonanal 1 2 acids (figure 7). However extractions always involve a serious decrease in sensitivity, while evaporation of the extract produces a solution in 0.1-0.5 ml of solvent, and only 1 pi of it can be brought in the gas chromatograph. Therefore work is in progress to enhance sensitivity by converting acids in­ to halogenated derivatives, which can be GC-analysed with the more sensitive electron-capture detector. For thiols a similar procedure is investigated as with aldehydes. One possibility is absorption of thiols in an alkaline solution and reaction with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, yielding 2,4-dinitrofenylsulfides, which are analysed by HPLC (9). Sane improvements on removal of reagents at the one hand and on separation of sane by-products on the other hand have to be achieved in order to in­ crease the sensitivity with another factor of ten. 5. CONCLUSION The actual scope and limitations of chemical analysis of odour show that all problems can be tackled as far as emission is concerned. For iititiission measurements seme progress is necessary, but there is no essential reason why chemical analysis would be unable to attain the desired sensitivity for all types of odorants. There is no doubt that in a few years the last dif­ ficulties will be solved. In order to achieve real control of odour nui­ sance, automatic measurement is necessary on a long time basis. There again seme technical development is to be expected. Does this mean that machines are going to decide if an odour is pre­ sent or not? By no means, while the population will always be the reference, and psychophysical measurements will be necessary to make chemical analysis possible.

1986 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Time Basis ◽  
The One ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Relationship between Maxillary Arch Shape and Maxillary Labial Bone Dimensions: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Assari ◽  
Shereen Shokry ◽  
Dana Al-Senan ◽  
Tasnim Alsbaih ◽  
Mada Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Facial Bone ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Dimensions ◽  
Maxillary Arch ◽  
Arch Shape

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any relationship between the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall in the anterior portion of the maxilla and arch shape.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients (age, 12–53 years) were selected from archived cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) cases. All maxillary front teeth were present in all the cases. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial bone crest and the thickness of the labial alveolar bone wall at distances of 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the facial bone crest were measured.RESULTS: The distance between the CEJ and the facial bone crest ranged from 2.24 mm and 3.08 mm. No significant differences were found between the thickness of the bone wall at 1, 3, and 5 mm apical to the crest. A significant difference was found between the U-shaped arch on one side and the V-shaped and square-shaped arches on the other side. The U-shaped arch and labial bone wall thickness were correlated at the 1-mm distance (F = (8, 276) = 3.24, p = 0.002). U-shaped and V-shaped arches were common in women, whereas square-shaped arches were common in men (χ2 = 105.5, p = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Our study is the first to associate arch shape and labial alveolar bone wall thickness.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between the U-shaped arch and bone wall thickness may constitute a new indicator for the tendency of the labial alveolar bone to resorb after extraction and placement of endo-osseous implants.

Layer-specific strain analysis: investigation of regional deformations in a rat model of acute versus chronic myocardial infarction

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. H549-H558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Bachner-Hinenzon ◽  
Offir Ertracht ◽  
Assaf Malka ◽  
Marina Leitman ◽  
Zvi Vered ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Myocardial infarction (MI) injury extends from the endocardium toward the epicardium. This phenomenon should be taken into consideration in the detection of MI. To study the extent of damage at different stages of MI, we hypothesized that measurement of layer-specific strain will allow better delineation of the MI extent than total wall thickness strain at acute stages but not at chronic stages, when fibrosis and remodeling have already occurred. After baseline echocardiography scans had been obtained, 24 rats underwent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion. Thirteen rats were rescanned at 24 h post-MI and eleven rats at 2 wk post-MI. Next, rats were euthanized, and histological analysis for MI size was performed. Echocardiographic scans were postprocessed by a layer-specific speckle tracking program to measure the peak circumferential strain (SCpeak) at the endocardium, midlayer, and epicardium as well as total wall thickness SCpeak. Linear regression for MI size versus SCpeak showed that the slope was steeper for the endocardium compared with the other layers ( P < 0.001), meaning that the endocardium was more sensitive to MI size than the other layers. Moreover, receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded better sensitivity and specificity in the detection of MI using endocardial SCpeak instead of total wall thickness SCpeak at 24 h post-MI ( P < 0.05) but not 2 wk later. In conclusion, at acute stages of MI, before collagen deposition, scar tissue formation, and remodeling have occurred, damage may be nontransmural, and thus the use of endocardial SCpeak is advantageous over total wall thickness SCpeak.

Methodology for assessing the uncertainty of measurements of mechanical stresses by the ultrasonic method with the help of an optical-acoustic separate-combined transducer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2127 (1) ◽  
pp. 012036
Author(s):  
A V Fedorov ◽  
V A Bychenok ◽  
I V Berkutov ◽  
I E Alifanova ◽  
A E Khoshev
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Wave ◽  
Propagation Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Acoustic Transducer ◽  
Head Waves ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurements ◽  
Coupling Parameters ◽  
Object Of Control ◽  
Thermoacoustic Coupling

Abstract The work is devoted to the ultrasonic method of controlling mechanical stresses using ultrasonic head waves. The factors that contribute to the result of measurements of mechanical stresses include: the propagation velocity of the head ultrasonic wave, the temperature of the environment and the object of control, the coefficients of acoustoelastic and thermoacoustic coupling, parameters of the optical-acoustic transducer. The contribution of each of these factors to the results of measurements of mechanical stresses is assessed. A technique for assessing the uncertainty of measurements of mechanical stresses by the ultrasonic method using head waves has been developed.

Community Detection in Large-Scale Social Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rao Chintalapudi ◽  
M. H. M. Krishna Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edge Density ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Overlapping Community Detection ◽  
Clustering Problem ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Overlapping Community

Community Structure is one of the most important properties of social networks. Detecting such structures is a challenging problem in the area of social network analysis. Community is a collection of nodes with dense connections than with the rest of the network. It is similar to clustering problem in which intra cluster edge density is more than the inter cluster edge density. Community detection algorithms are of two categories, one is disjoint community detection, in which a node can be a member of only one community at most, and the other is overlapping community detection, in which a node can be a member of more than one community. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art disjoint and overlapping community detection algorithms. Also, the measures needed to evaluate a disjoint and overlapping community detection algorithms are discussed in detail.

Plagiarism Detection Algorithm for Source Code in Computer Science Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Chan Xu ◽  
Boyu Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Hash Function ◽  
Source Code ◽  
College Education ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Longest Common Subsequence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Common Subsequence ◽  
Basic Concepts

Nowadays, computer programming is getting more necessary in the course of program design in college education. However, the trick of plagiarizing plus a little modification exists among some students' home works. It's not easy for teachers to judge if there's plagiarizing in source code or not. Traditional detection algorithms cannot fit this condition. The author designed an effective and complete method to detect source code plagiarizing according to the popular way of students' plagiarizing. There are two basic concepts of the algorithm. One is to standardize the source code via filtration against to remove the majority noises intentionally blended by plagiarists. The other one is an improved Longest Common Subsequence algorithm for text matching, using statement as the unit for matching. The authors also designed an appropriate HASH function to increase the efficiency of matching. Based on the algorithm, a system was designed and proved to be practical and sufficient, which runs well and meet the practical requirement in application.

The Proposal of Wall Thickness Management Criteria of T-Pipes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoharu Tsunokawa ◽  
Taku Ohira ◽  
Naoki Miura ◽  
Yasumi Kitajima ◽  
Daisuke Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Thinning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Design Construction

Although the reinforcement for openings is checked in accordance with design / construction standard when thinning was observed in T-pipes, this evaluation becomes too conservative or requires much time and effort. This paper describes additional parametric study results and proposes a guideline for thickness management of wall thinning T-pipes. On the other papers related to this project, the experiment and numerical simulation results are reported. This paper referred these results and performed further investigation.

scholarly journals Tracking of Brain Tumors using Vision and Neurosonography

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Rubén Machucho Cadena ◽  
Sergio de la Cruz Rodríguez ◽  
Eduardo Bayro-Corrochano
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Hough Transform ◽  
Geometric Algebra ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ultrasound Probe ◽  
Geometric Transformations ◽  
Magnetic Tracking

We have developed a method to render brain tumours from endoneurosonography. We propose to track an ultrasound probe in successive endoscopic images without relying on an external optic or magnetic tracking system. The probe is tracked using two different methods: one of them based on a generalised Hough transform and the other one based on particle filters. By estimating the pose of the ultrasound probe in several contiguous images, we use conformal geometric algebra to compute the geometric transformations that yield the 3D position of the tumour, which was segmented in the ultrasound image using morphological operators. We use images from brain phantoms to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, and our results show that they are robust.

Researches on Diameter Automatic Measurement Device of Artillery Gun Tube

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 1655-1659
Author(s):  
Wei Shi ◽  
Xiao Juan Wang ◽  
Shao Qing Ren ◽  
Jian Guo Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automatic Measuring ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Automatic Measuring Device

The powder chamber of cannon gun tube was an important indicator which affected gun performance. The accuracy of fire, precision and the other technical indexes were inevitably affected by the chamber geometry parameters directly or indirectly. So the detection of cannon gun tube was an important part in the whole gun detection technology. This paper introduced the structure and the measuring principle about diameter automatic measurement device of cannon gun tube and made a prototype. Then the experimental verification was carried out. The experimental results showed that the automatic measuring device had the advantages of simple principle, convenient operation, high precision, and had a certain popularization value in use.

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