Investigating the effect of bruxism on maxillary arch length and width in children using three-dimensional digital model analysis

Background Bruxism is defined as repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by the grinding and clenching of teeth. The prevalence of bruxism in children is extensive, and it can cause irregularities in dental arches. The study aimed to investigate the presence of any effects of bruxism on maxillary arch length and width in children using three-dimensional (3D) digital model analysis. Method This study evaluated 30 children with bruxism. For every child with bruxism, a case control without bruxism was selected and matched for gender, age, and dentition. Digital models of the patients’ maxilla were obtained with a 3D intraoral scanner, and width and length measurements between the reference points on the maxilla were obtained on the digital models. Results The mean age of the study group was 9.13 ± 1.27. Insıgnificance differences were found between females and males within and between groups in terms of maxillary width and length. Insignificant difference was found between the control and study groups when the lengths of 3R-3L, 4R-4L, 5R-5L, 6R-6L, and IP-M were compared (p > 0.05). Conclusion Based on the study results, there were no differences in the maxillary arch length and width in patients with bruxism and patients without bruxism.

Anterior teeth selection in edentulous patients and its relationship with interhamular distance, maxillary arch width and maxillary central incisors: A study in North East Indian Population

: In prosthodontics, esthetics a combination of the art and science. Patients requiring complete dentures usually expect comfort first, followed by harmonious appearance, and lastly efficiency. Therefore, the correct selection of the artificial teeth is essential for achieving a pleasant esthetic outcome. A number of soft tissue landmarks have been purported as useful for anterior tooth selection; but these are easily affected by several factors such as aging and the weight and build of the person. In the present study hard tissue landmarks like pterygomaxillary notches and maxillary arch width was presented as alternative anatomical landmark for anterior teeth selection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the hamular width and inter maxillary arch width which could be the guide for the selection ofartificial teeth for complete maxillary denture in the North-East Indian population.The study was conducted on 100 dentate individuals from the North Eastern Indian population, between the age group of 18- 30 years. All measurements were done with digital calliper on cast obtained after impression with irreversible hydrocolloid impression material.Pearson correlation analysis showed, statistically significant correlation between maxillary archwidth and central incisor width. The result was significant at p<0.05 but not high enough to be practically used. Correlation between hamular width and central incisor width was found to be insignificant. The value of R was 0.05435. The result was significant at p < 0.05. The maxillary arch width was in direct proportion to the maxillary central incisor width which meant that the increase of maxillary arch width,there was a corresponding increase of maxillary central incisor width. Significant correlation was found between maxillary arch width and central incisor width with p value=0132. The result was significant at p<0.05 but not high enough to be practically used. But In this study statistically insignificant correlation was found between hamular width and central incisor width.

Smart distalization of the upper arch with an easy, efficient and no-compliance procedure

In conventional Class II treatment, distalisation of the maxillary arch usually requires multiple phases of tooth movement during which anchorage loss can occur. In order to solve this issue, a rational and simple technique has been developed. Instead of using intraoral distalisers along with palatal mini-implants, Ni-Ti superelastic loops are used to obtain molar distalisation while buccal interradicular miniscrews (BIM), preferably placed between the roots of upper premolars, supply the necessary anchorage. Once the distalisation of molars and second premolars is performed, miniscrews are placed between the roots of first molars and second premolars after removing the previous miniscrews. Elastic chains or tie-backs, which go from the new miniscrews to the hooks of a 0.019×0.025-inch stainless-steel archwire, produce the retraction of incisors, canines and first premolars with optimal control of anchorage. Clinical cases are shown to illustrate the technique.

The Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Cortical Bone Plate after Piezocision-Assisted Orthodontic Upper Arch Expansion: A Case Series

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) after piezocision-assisted orthodontic maxillary arch expansion. Methods: Forty CBCT images of 20 patients taken before and after treatment were included in the study. The following radiographic parameters were measured: buccal/palatal bone plate thickness measured in three locations, 0.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and 5 mm from the margin of alveolar process; cemento-enamel junction-crest distance (CEJ-C) measured at buccal (CEJ-B) and palatal/lingual (CEJ-P) aspects. Results: After treatment there were insignificant changes in CEJ-C and thickness of buccal/palatal plates for all the dental groups except for incisors and premolars. CEJ-B increased by 1.43 mm on premolars and CEJ-P by 1.65 mm on incisors and by 0.31 mm on premolars. On the incisors, the buccal plate width increased significantly, by 0.2 mm and 0.44 mm at 3.5-mm and 5-mm measurement points. On premolars, the buccal plate width decreased in three measuring points by 0.27 mm, 0.37 mm, and 0.25 mm. Conclusions: Piezocision-assisted orthodontic maxillary arch expansion does not cause evident negative changes of cortical plates except for the premolar region. Therefore, premolars may be at greater risk of buccal plate loss than other teeth.

Estimation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth Width with Golden Proportion in Undergraduate Students

Aim: To estimate the frequency of coinciding width of maxillary front teeth and golden proportion ratio in undergraduate students. Study design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Prosthodontics, Liaquat Medical University Hospital from June 2019 to January2020. Methodology: Total numbers of 96 students with maxillary anterior teeth were selected in this study. Appropriate size of upper maxillary impression of maxillary arch was made using alginate impression material with manufacturer prescribed instructions. The cast was retrieved between one and three hours of pouring. Digital caliper was used to measure for the spaces in the. The final recordings were entered in proforma. The data was analyzed by SPSS version-20. Results: Among the participants 65% were males and 35% females. The mean age of the participants was 21.02±1.88 years. Rate of coinciding was significantly high in 18 to 20 years of age (p=0.032).Coinciding width of maxillary anterior teeth and golden proportion ratio was significantly high in 1st year student (p=0.038) Conclusion: It was concluded that esthetics in dentistry cannot be justified mathematically and individuals should not be standardized. Whereas the dentists should follow few fundamental guidelines in the planning for esthetic treatment, it should be acknowledged that esthetics alters from person to person. That’s why it is important to consider the dento-facial specificities of every person and the inconstant natural tooth proportion during restoration or replacement of the maxillary front teeth.

Sexual Dimorphism in Maxillary First Molar among Nepalese Population of Eastern Nepal

Introduction: Sexual dimorphism refers to differences in size, stature and appearance between male and female. It is a known fact that tooth crown is formed to full size in childhood even before eruption into oral cavity. The shape and size of the teeth permits an interesting dimension of study for sexual dimorphism, we aimed to delineate the sexual dimorphism by measuring the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) diameters of permanent maxillary first molar in Nepalese population of Eastern Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual dimorphism in maxillary first molar among Nepalese population of eastern Nepal Methodology: 100 participants of either sex (50 males & 50 females) aged between 17 to 25 years were enrolled in the study. After thorough dental examination, impression of the maxillary arch was made and MD diameter and BL diameters were measured with the help of vernier caliper. A P value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Sexual dimorphism was found in MD and BL diameters of maxillary first molar in males measuring higher than females. Right mesiodistal showed the highest sexual dimorphism, whereas right buccolingual showed the least. Conclusions: This study confirms that permanent maxillary first molar shows significant sexual dimorphism, out of which mesiodistal measurement stands out to be the best parameter in Nepalese population of Eastern region.

Comparative evaluation of interrupted and intermittent forces on canine retraction: an in vivo study

Introduction: Various force systems are used in orthodontics to move teeth, such as continuous, intermittent and interrupted. Teeth responds differently to these orthodontic forces. Aims: The aim of the study is to compare the rate of canine retraction with intermittent and interrupted forces. Materials and Methods: A split mouth study was carried among eighteen participants. One side of maxillary arch randomly received interrupted force with elastomeric powerchain while other received intermittent force with elastics with magnitude of 150-170g for canine retraction on each side. For 15 weeks, participants were asked to wear the elastics 8 hours a day whereas the elastomeric powerchains were replaced by operator every 5 weeks. The outcomes were assessed using scanned images of study models collected at the beginning (T0) and 15 weeks later (T3) as well on OPG. Linear and angular measurements were used to measure the distal movement, rotation as well tipping of canines and the results were statistically analysed using Independent t-test. Results: The distal movement of canine on the interrupted force side was 0.98mm/5weeks and on the intermittent force side was 1.06mm/5weeks. The distopalatal rotation on interrupted and intermittent force side was 8.38&deg; and 5.72&deg;. Tipping measured on OPG was 5.72&deg; and 5.27&deg; for interrupted and intermittent force. No statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion: The rate of canine retraction with interrupted force and intermittent force showed no statistically significant differences. Less canine rotation and tipping with intermittent force compared to interrupted force though not statistically significant.

Orthodontic Inclined Plane Application Using a Visible Light Cure Acrylic Material for Treatment of Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth

Malocclusion is a common problem in dogs. Linguoverted canine teeth (class I malocclusion) can cause palatal defects, oronasal fistulae, dental wear, and periodontal disease. Mandibular distoclusion (class II malocclusion), in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch, can further contribute to lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth. Traditionally, a flowable self-curing bisacrylic composite material has been used. The method described here uses a light cure acrylic denture base material utilizing multiple customized segments to construct the appliance to the desired shape and size necessary to achieve a functional incline plane.

Class II correction by maxillary molar distalization with pendulum appliance - A case report

24 year male patient presented with skeletal class II base with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible. Angles class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion with proclined upper and lower anteriors, increase overjet, increased overbite, spacing with upper and lower anteriors, scissor bite with 35, class I molar and canine relation on right side, end on molar and canine relation on left side. Distalization was planned in maxillary arch to correct end on molar relation on left side and upper incisor proclination. Unilateral Pendulum appliance was used to distalize upper left molar. Post treatment Class I molar relationship was achieved bilaterally within 2-4 months with incisor proclination reduced. The total treatment ended in 18 months.

Anthropometric and Physiologic Parameters in Cleft Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study

The oro-facial morphology is greatly affected in neonates with a cleft lip and palate. The initial evaluation of neonate’s body and maxillary arch dimensions is important for treatment planning and predicting growth in cleft patients. The objective of this study was comparative evaluation of the anthropometric and physiologic parameters of cleft and non-cleft neonates in a hospital-based set up. This cross sectional study was conducted on 88 cleft and non-cleft neonates (n = 44 in each group) aged between 0 and 30 days after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and positive written informed consent from their parents. Neonates’ body weight, body length, head length, head circumference, and maxillary arch dimensions were measured. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on dental casts with digital sliding calipers. Statistical analyses performed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA analysis were followed by Bonferroni correction for post-hoc comparison. The results showed statistically significant differences in birth weight (p < 0.0001), head length (p < 0.01), head circumference (p < 0.007), and maxillary arch dimensions (p < 0.0001) between cleft and non-cleft neonates. These findings suggest that cleft neonates had significant anthropometric and physiologic variations than non-cleft neonates.