Biodegradation of Styrene Vapor in a Biofilter

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2329-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Sheng Huang ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
New Class ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Styrene Removal

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a new class of air pollutants posing threat to the environment. Newer technologies are being developed for their control among which biofiltration seem to be most attractive. Biofiltration of styrene vapor from air stream was discussed in this study. Experimental investigations were conducted on a laboratory scale biofilter, containing mixture of compost and polystyrene inert particles as the filter materials. Mixed consortium of activated sludge was used as an inoculum. The continuous performance of biofilter for styrene removal was monitored for different concentrations and flow rates. The removal efficiencies decreased at higher concentrations and higher gas flow rates. A maximum elimination capacity of 85g/(m3•h) was achieved. The response of biofilter to upset loading operation showed that the biofilm in the biofilters was quite stable and quickly adapted to adverse operational conditions.

Biodegradation of DCM Vapor in a Biofilter

2013 ◽  
Vol 395-396 ◽  
pp. 561-564
Author(s):  
Hong Tao Sun ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Xin Gang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Inert Particles ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Biofiltration of DCM vapor from air stream was discussed in this study. Experimental investigations were conducted on a laboratory scale biofilter, containing mixture of compost and polystyrene inert particles as the filter materials. Activated sludge was used as an inoculum. The continuous performance of biofilter for DCM removal was monitored for different concentrations and flow rates. The removal efficiencies decreased at higher concentrations and higher gas flow rates. A maximum elimination capacity of 8g/(m3·h) was achieved. The response of biofilter to upset loading operation showed that the biofilm in the biofilters was quite stable and quickly adapted to adverse operational conditions.

Biodegradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane Vapor in a Biofilter

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Xin Gang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Inert Particles ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Biofiltration of 1,2-dichloroethane vapor from air stream was discussed in this study. Experimental investigations were conducted on a laboratory scale biofilter, containing mixture of compost and polystyrene inert particles as the filter materials. Mixed consortium of activated sludge was used as an inoculum. The continuous performance of biofilter for 1,2-dichloroethane removal was monitored for different concentrations and flow rates. The removal efficiencies decreased at higher concentrations and higher gas flow rates. The response of biofilter to upset loading operation showed that the biofilm in the biofilters was quite stable and quickly adapted to adverse operational conditions.

Results of the Study Rotor Wheels Supersonic Microturbines with a Large Angle of Rotation of the Flow

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 884-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Fershalov ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Fershalov ◽  
Yuriy Ya. Fershalov ◽  
Timofey V. Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Large Angle ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Ratio Speed ◽  
Supersonic Gas Flow ◽  
Angle Of Rotation

The article presents the results of experimental investigations of rotor wheels supersonic microturbines with a large angle of rotation of the flow. The characteristics of the studied rotor wheels. The analysis of the results of the study ratio speed of rotor wheels, depending on the Mach number. Recommendations for the design working wheels microturbines operating at high supersonic gas flow rates.

Experimental Determination of Kinetic Parameters for the Removal of Ethylacetate and Xylene in a Biofilter

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saravanan Viswanathan ◽  
Manivasagan Rajasimman ◽  
Rajamohan Natarajan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Operating Regimes ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Abstract The biofilter packed with pressmud and inoculated with activated sludge obtained from pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment plant was employed for the removal of ethyl acetate and xylene in this study. The effect of process variables like gas flow rates (0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 m3 h-1), inlet concentration of ethyl acetate (1.75, 3.0, 7.0 and 10.5 g.m-3) and xylene (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.2. g.m-3) on the performance of biofilters was validated. The removal efficiency exceeded 97% for ethyl acetate at inlet concentrations up to 3.0 g.m-3 and 95% for xylene at inlet concentrations up to 0.4 g m-3. The maximum elimination capacity of 165 g m-3 h-1 and 66 g m-3 h-1 for the mixture of ethyl acetate and xylene were obtained. A steady state mathematical model was tested and proved to adequately describe the experimental results at the two operating regimes for both ethyl acetate and xylene.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Humidified Nasal High-Flow Oxygen System, Using Oxygraphy, Capnography and Measurement of Upper Airway Pressures

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Ritchie ◽  
A. B. Williams ◽  
C. Gerard ◽  
H. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Mean Airway Pressure ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Airway Pressures

In this study, we evaluated the performance of a humidified nasal high-flow system (Optiflow™, Fisher and Paykel Healthcare) by measuring delivered FiO2 and airway pressures. Oxygraphy, capnography and measurement of airway pressures were performed through a hypopharyngeal catheter in healthy volunteers receiving Optiflow™ humidified nasal high flow therapy at rest and with exercise. The study was conducted in a non-clinical experimental setting. Ten healthy volunteers completed the study after giving informed written consent. Participants received a delivered oxygen fraction of 0.60 with gas flow rates of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 l/minute in random order. FiO2, FEO2, FECO2 and airway pressures were measured. Calculation of FiO2 from FEO2 and FECO2 was later performed. Calculated FiO2 approached 0.60 as gas flow rates increased above 30 l/minute during nose breathing at rest. High peak inspiratory flow rates with exercise were associated with increased air entrainment. Hypopharyngeal pressure increased with increasing delivered gas flow rate. At 50 l/minute the system delivered a mean airway pressure of up to 7.1 cmH2O. We believe that the high gas flow rates delivered by this system enable an accurate inspired oxygen fraction to be delivered. The positive mean airway pressure created by the high flow increases the efficacy of this system and may serve as a bridge to formal positive pressure systems.

Prediction of Growth Parameters of Frost Deposits in Forced Convection

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. White ◽  
C. J. Cremers
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Transient Period ◽  
Approximate Expressions ◽  
Frost Layer

Experimental investigations of frost deposition under forced convection conditions have shown that in most cases heat and mass transfer rates become constant after an initial transient period. It is shown that, in such cases, approximately half of the mass transfer from a humid air stream to a frost layer diffuses inward, condenses and increases the density of the frost. The other half is deposited at the surface and increases the thickness of the layer. Approximate expressions for density and thickness of the frost layer are derived and compared with data from the literature and also with experimental work reported in this paper. The correlations are shown to work well for a broad range of experimental conditions.

Activation of Nanoflows for Fuel Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Insepov ◽  
R. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Atomic Mass ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Selective Filter ◽  
Phase Velocities ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Propagation of Rayleigh traveling waves from a gas on a nanotube surface activates a macroscopic flow of the gas (or gases) that depends critically on the atomic mass of the gas. Our molecular dynamics simulations show that the surface waves are capable of actuating significant macroscopic flows of atomic and molecular hydrogen, helium, and a mixture of both gases both inside and outside carbon nanotubes (CNT). In addition, our simulations predict a new “nanoseparation” effect when a nanotube is filled with a mixture of two gases with different masses or placed inside a volume filled with a mixture of several gases with different masses. The mass selectivity of the nanopumping can be used to develop a highly selective filter for various gases. Gas flow rates, pumping, and separation efficiencies were calculated at various wave frequencies and phase velocities of the surface waves. The nanopumping effect was analyzed for its applicability to actuate nanofluids into fuel cells through carbon nanotubes.

Direct Comparison of Fluidized and Packed Bed Bioreactors for Bioremediation of an Air Pollutant

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla Clarke ◽  
Gordon A Hill ◽  
Todd S. Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Packed Bed ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Fluidized Bed Bioreactor ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Glass Spheres ◽  
Fluidized Bioreactor ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity

A gas-solid fluidized bed bioreactor has been successfully used for the bioremediation of ethanol (a model volatile organic compound, VOC) contaminated air. A key objective of this fluidized bioreactor study was to compare the performance of fluid bed operation to packed bed operation. A fluid bed system increased homogeneity and improved upon operating problems such as plugging and channelling normally associated with packed bed bioreactors. The bioreactor bed was comprised of a mixture of moist sawdust particles and glass spheres. Depending on the superficial velocity of the waste gas stream, the bioreactor could be operated in either packed or fluidized mode. During fluid bed operation, the sawdust and glass sphere mixture was maintained in a bubbling/slugging regime. As expected, fluid bed operation demonstrated significantly higher mass transfer rates but the maximum elimination capacity was 75 g m-3sawdust h-1 as compared to 225 g m-3sawdust h-1 for packed bed operation. In packed bed mode, higher ethanol concentrations were used in order to have comparable ethanol loadings and this may have contributed to faster growth rates and thus faster bioremediation rates.

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