Computer Simulation and Analysis on Fire Verification and Smoke Distribution of the Entertainment Areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 716-719
Author(s):  
Te Chi Chen ◽  
Chia Chun Yu ◽  
Cherng Shing Lin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Fire Accident

Along with the economic growth, more crowded entertainment places are growing dramatically and the safety concerns are no longer contained as usual. The huge property damage and heavy casualties of fire caused by the owner ignorance of safety management or the fall short of the fire resistance specifications. These factors caused serious casualties after fire occurred. This research utilizes Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software to analyze and simulate the fire accident that occurred in a public entertainment places on Po-Li bar, KeeLung City, Taiwan. The computer simulation calculates the fire spread and smoke distribution at the fire scene, and is in reasonable agreement with the post report provided by the fire department and photos. Simulation results of the various important parameters - such as temperature, CO concentration and smoke layer height during the fire time domain are obtained. This study will provide the improvement of fire parameters and suggestions to avoid future unfortunate events.

A Case Study on a Fire Disaster in a Textile Factory

2015 ◽  
Vol 763 ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Min Gen Wu ◽  
Sheng Min Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Fire Scene ◽  
Textile Factory

A large number of factories have been sequentially established in Taiwan following the economic take-off several decades ago. However, this growth in number has led to the prevalence of fire hazards. Factory fires typically cause substantial casualties and property losses, and have therefore become a focal point for research. In the present study, the researchers employed the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to simulate and evaluate a factory fire scene in Taiwan. The fire continued for approximately 74 h, rendering this outbreak the single longest building fire and rescue in Taiwan. By analyzing relevant data, the researchers established a numerical model of the fire scene to simulate, evaluate, and analyze the influences that temperature, smoke conditions, and smoke layer height parameters had on the fire scene. The findings enabled the researchers to better understand the damage conditions that occur during fire outbreaks. The results of this case study can serve as a reference for designing and improving future fire prevention and safety plans.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigations on the Propagation of Fire in a Railway Carriage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4999
Author(s):  
Matthew Craig ◽  
Taimoor Asim
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Ignition Energy ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Propagation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Safety Guidelines

In this study, advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based numerical simulations have been performed in order to analyse fire propagation in a standard railway compartment. A Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) has been employed to mimic real world scenarios associated with fire propagation within railway carriages in order to develop safety guidelines for railway passengers. Comprehensive parametric investigations on the effects of ignition location, intensity and cabin upholstery have been carried out. It has been observed that a fire occurring near the exits of the carriage results in a lower smoke layer height, due to the local carriage geometry, than an identical fire igniting at the center of the carriage. This in turn causes the smoke density along the aisleway to vary by around 30%. Reducing the ignition energy by half has been found to restrict combustion, thus reducing smoke density and carbon exhaust gases, reducing the average temperature from 170 °C to 110 °C. Changing the material lining of the seating has been found to cause the most significant change in output parameters, despite its relative insignificance in bulk mass. A polyester sample produces a peak carbon monoxide concentration of 7500 ppm, which is 27× greater compared with nylon. This difference has been found to be due to the fire spread and propagation between fuels, signifying the polyester’s unsuitability for use in railway carriages.

scholarly journals A Numerical Analysis of the Fire Characteristics after Sprinkler Activation in the Compartment Fire

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Trong Khoat ◽  
Ji Tea Kim ◽  
Tran Dang Quoc ◽  
Ji Hyun Kwark ◽  
Hong Sun Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Compartment Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Safety Design ◽  
Smoke Layer ◽  
Fire Characteristics ◽  
Sprinkler Spray

Understanding fire characteristics under sprinkler spray is valuable for performance-based safety design. However, fire characteristics during fire suppression by sprinkler spray has seldom been studied in detail. In order to present a fire suppression model by sprinkler spray and determine the fire characteristics after sprinkler activation in a compartment, a numerical analysis was conducted using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). A simple fire suppression model by sprinkler spray was calibrated by comparing ceiling temperatures from experimental data. An extinguishing coefficient of 3.0 was shown to be suitable for the fire suppression model. The effect of sprinkler spray on the smoke layer during fire suppression was explained, revealing a smoke logging phenomenon. In addition, the smoke, which spread under the influence of the sprinkler spray, was also investigated. The temperature, velocity, and mass flow rate of the smoke layer through the doorway was significantly reduced during fire suppression compared to a free burn case.

Safe Evacuation from Subway Station under Platform Train Fire

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 2023-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zeng ◽  
Xiao Xiong Zha ◽  
Yi Yan Chen ◽  
Rui Juan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Subway Station ◽  
Concentration Change ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Temperature ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
Time Calculation

The environmental deterioration of the subway station and the safety of the personnel evacuation under platform train fire are researched. The critical fire danger condition is proposed and the time calculation method of evacuation is determined. A platform train fire in a subway station is simulated by the Fire Dynamics Simulator software. Then the available egress time can be got by analyzing the fire temperature and smoke concentration change with time. At the same time, the required egress time is studied through theoretical analysis and computer simulation by software Building Exodus. The results showed that smoke exhaust rate is very important to the smoke control under platform train fire. And the stair evacuation ability is the key to the whole evacuation.

Balcony Effect on the External Fire Spread into Upper Floors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto J. L. Morgado ◽  
João P. C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Constructive Solution ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
The One ◽  
Simplified Calculation

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the balcony effect of the fire spread, via external windows, into upper floors. Several natural fire tests were carried out in a compartment that intended to represent a small office and the fire development inside and its spread to the upper floors was analysed. They were tested three configurations of balcony above the exterior window of the compartment; no balcony, a balcony of the same width of the window and a balcony one meter wider for each side of the window. These natural fire tests were also numerically simulated with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software and analytically simulated with the simplified calculation methods of annex A and B of EN1991-1.2. The results of the experimental, numerical and analytical tests were compared with each other. The constructive solution for limiting fire spread into upper floors that proved to be more effective was the one with the balcony one meter wider than the window.

Firefighting Tactics during a Fire Event at a Textile Factory

2014 ◽  
Vol 533 ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Cherng Shing Lin ◽  
Chih Chung Lai ◽  
Ming En Wu ◽  
Chia Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Fire Department ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Textile Factory

Many factories contain chemical substances, raw materials, and finished and semi-finished products; thus, a factory fire can cause substantial property losses and endanger lives. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used in this study to simulate a fire event at a textile factory in Taiwan. The circumstances of a 2010 fire event in Zhubei City were recreated using data from the fire department and print media, exploring changes in temperature, smoke, and the concentrations of harmful gases (i.e., carbon monoxide; CO). Criteria were established for judging the firefighting techniques used during the fire event. In other words, simulated results of the FDS were used to analyze and assess the planning and use of firefighting tactics to enhance the efficiency of firefighting and rescue techniques, decrease casualties and property losses, and increase the reference value of this study in its application to fighting future factory fires.

A comparison of level set and marker methods for the simulation of wildland fire front propagation

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Bova ◽  
William E. Mell ◽  
Chad M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Level Set ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Front Propagation ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Fire Dynamics ◽  
Surface Fire ◽  
Fire Dynamics Simulator ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Moving Front

Simulating an advancing fire front may be achieved within a Lagrangian or Eulerian framework. In the former, independently moving markers are connected to form a fire front, whereas in the latter, values representing the moving front are calculated at points within a fixed grid. Despite a mathematical equivalence between the two methods, it is not clear that both will produce the same results when implemented numerically. Here, we describe simulations of fire spread created using a level set Eulerian approach (as implemented in the wildland–urban interface fire dynamics simulator, WFDS) and a marker method (as implemented in FARSITE). Simulations of surface fire spread, in two different fuels and over domains of increasing topographical complexity, are compared to evaluate the difference in outcomes between the two models. The differences between the results of the two models are minor, especially compared with the uncertainties inherent in the modelling of fire spread.

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