Boron Dispersion Layer of Paste Boronized 304 Stainless Steel before and after Shot Blasting Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Syazuan Abdul Latip ◽  
Nik Roseley Nik Roselina ◽  
Norhisyam Jenal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dispersion Layer

Boronizing had been extensively used in enhancing the properties of metallic material such as steel by formation of hard casing on the surface of the substrate. This study highlighted the effect of applying surface deformation process which is shot blasting on the dispersion layer of paste boronized 304 stainless steel. Boronizing treatment was conducted using two different temperatures which are 850°C and 950°C for 6 hour holding time. Shot blasting process was conducted onto the surface of the samples before boronizing process in order to allow deeper boron dispersion layer. Microstructure and boron dispersion layer measurement were then accomplished using optical microscope. XRD analysis was performed to validate the existence of Fe2B phases and Rockwell hardness test was also conducted to obtain the hardness values. The results indicated that combinations of high boronizing temperature and shot blasting process facilitate deeper dispersion layer. Deeper dispersion layer are paramount as it will enhanced the hardness and wear properties.

SINGLE AND DOUBLE SHOT BLASTING TREATMENT OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khairulmaini ◽  
S. K. Alias ◽  
B. Abdullah ◽  
J. M. Said ◽  
N. Sulong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Sand Blasting ◽  
Dispersion Layer

Properties enhancement through surface modification has been established as a method to improve the dispersion quality of case hardening treatment. Improvement of dispersion thickness layers resulted in properties enhancement of metallic material. This study investigates the effect of shot blasting parameters which are single (SB) and double (DB) sand blasting on boronizing dispersion layer of 304 stainless steel. Boronizing treatment is conducted using paste boron at temperature of 900˚C for 6 hours holding time. The dispersion layer measurement and phase identification were evaluated through optical microscope and XRD analysis. Vickers hardness test and surface roughness analysis were also conducted .The result shows that noticeable enhancement of dispersion layer thickness was observed after conducting double sand blasting as compared to single sand blasting. Thicker dispersion layer leads to the increment of hardness value and also enhancement in surface roughness properties.

Wear Properties of Paste Boronized 316 Stainless Steel Before and After Shot Blasting Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hafizuddin Mohamad Basir ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Stainless Steel Surface ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Before And After

This research investigates and analyzes wear properties of 316 stainless steel before and after applying paste boronizing process and to investigate the effect of shot blasting process in enhancing boron dispersion into the steel. In order to enhance the boron dispersion into 316 stainless steel, surface deformation method by shot blasting process was deployed. Boronizing treatment was conducted using paste medium for 8 hours under two different temperatures which were 8500C and 9500C. Wear behaviour was evaluated using pin-on-disc test for abrasion properties. The analysis on microstructure, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and density were also carried out before and after applying boronizing treatment. Boronizing process that had been carried out on 316 stainless steel increases the wear resistance of the steel compared to the unboronized 316 stainless steel. The effect of boronizing treatment together with the shot blasting process give a greater impact in increasing the wear resistance of 316 stainless steel. This is mainly because shot blasted samples initiated surface deformation that helped more boron dispersion due to dislocation of atom on the deformed surface. Increasing the boronizing temperature also increases the wear resistance of 316 stainless steel. In industrial application, the usage of the components that have been fabricated using the improved 316 stainless steel can be maximized because repair and replacement of the components can be reduced as a result of improved wear resistance of the 316 stainless steel.

Fracture Failure Analysis of 304 Stainless Steel Elbow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Wang ◽  
Guoshan Xie ◽  
Libin Song ◽  
Meng He ◽  
Fakun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Delayed Cracking

A cracking incident of a 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the synthesis gas purification device occurred during running. In order to get an understanding of the failure mechanism, a failure analysis was performed on the cracked elbow in this paper. The chemical composition, mechanical properties of strength, toughness and hardness, hydrogen content were identified and determined. The metallographical structure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the chemical composition of the cracked elbow meet the requirements for China standard, while comparing with GB/T 14976-2012 standards, the strength and elongation of the leaked elbow are higher and lower respectively, and the hardness of the leaked elbow was higher than quality certificate documents that of HB ⩽ 187. Large quantities of martensite and δ-ferrite were observed in elbow, which indicated that the elbow was not well solid solution heat treated required by specification (1050°C,30min). The fracture morphology presents typical brittle fracture. The hydrogen content of cracked elbow was significant higher than that of other 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the environment without hydrogen. It is acknowledged that martensite showed higher sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement compared with austenite. Furthermore, the operating temperature of cracked elbow was in the range of high hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Depending on the metallographical structure, strength, service environment, hydrogen content and fracture morphology, it can be concluded that hydrogen induced delayed cracking was the dominant mechanism of the failure.

Strain Hardening of Annealed 304 Stainless Steel by Creep

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Chin Wu ◽  
Chin-Cheng Ho
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Transient Creep ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Isotropic Hardening ◽  
Loading Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strain Hardening Behavior

Combined axial-torsional experiments have been conducted at room temperature on thin-walled tubes to investigate the strain hardening behavior of annealed 304 stainless steel due to creep. The constant strain-rate dynamic loading (or SCISR) surfaces representing the state of material before and after creep have benn determined. It has been found that transient creep essentially causes the loading surface to undergo kinematic hardening with insignificant amount of isotropic hardening for this material. A conclusion is drawn that the loading surface hardened by transient creep is the same as that hardened by plastic deformation. This is true both for specimens with pure tension and pure torsion loading paths. The results confirm assumptions of the overstress theory of viscoplasticity.

scholarly journals Effect of Friction Pressure on Microstructure and Properties of Friction Welded Joints of Pure Aluminum/304 Stainless Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhe ZHAO ◽  
Wenbiao GONG ◽  
Rui ZHU ◽  
Mingyue GONG ◽  
Heng CUI
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Friction Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Bonding

Continuous drive friction welding was used to realize the high quality connection between pure aluminum and 304 stainless steel. The composition of interface micro-zone and mechanical properties of joint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile test and hardness test. The formation mechanism of intermetallic compound (IMC) during friction welding was discussed. The results show that under the experimental parameters, the joint surface is uneven and two intermetallic compounds, Fe2Al5 and FeAl3, are formed. With the increase of friction pressure, the mechanical bonding degree of the joint decreases, the metallurgical bonding degree increases, the element diffusion distance increases from 1.4 to 1.9 um, the tensile strength of the joint can reach or even higher than that of the base metal on the aluminum side, and the maximum hardness increased from 414 HV to 447 HV.

ANALYSIS ON MICROSTRUCTURE, HARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SHOT BLASTED-PASTE BORONIZED 316 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hafizuddin Mohamad Basir ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Hardness Tester

In this research, analysis on microstructure, hardness and surface roughness of 316 austenitic stainless steel were conducted before and after boronizing process. Boronizing treatment was conducted using a paste medium at a temperature of 8500C, with and without shot blasting. Microstructures of the specimens were observed under Olympus BX60 Optical Microscope. Vickers Micro Hardness Tester was used to determine the hardness of the specimens while Optical 3D Surface Metrology Sys was used to measure the surface roughness of the specimens. The process of boronizing diffuses boron into the surface of steel which resulted in the formation of the boride layers that consist of FeB and Fe2B. Shot blasting process increased the boron diffusion which resulted in increment of the boride layer thickness and hardness value while the surface roughness was fluctuated. Increment in the hardness value of 316 stainless steel causes the steel to be able to withstand a heavy load.

Laser Removal of Contaminants on the Metal Surface

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Jun Won ◽  
Sun-Hee Jung ◽  
Chong-Hun Jung ◽  
Byung-Seon Choi ◽  
Kune-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Removal Of Contaminants ◽  
Irradiation Angle ◽  
Molar Percent ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Type 304 Stainless Steel

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a 532 nm and 450 mJ/pulse was employed to study the decontamination characteristics of Type 304 stainless steel specimens and aluminum specimens artificially contaminated with CsNO3, Co(NH4)2(SO4)2, Eu2O3 and CeO2, respectively. The relative atomic molar percent of the contaminants on metal surface before and after laser irradiation was determined by EPMA. The morphology of specimen surface was examined by SEM. The ablation behavior of contaminants on Type 304 stainless steel specimens was investigated for the decontamination variables such as a number of laser shots, laser fluence and an irradiation angle. Their optimum values were found to be 8, 13.3 J/cm2 and 30°, respectively. The removal of contaminants on aluminum surface, however, was found to be more difficult by laser.

scholarly journals Enhancement Surface Coating Stainless Steel And Copper Using Ultrasonic Batch

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 02051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sendie Yuliarto Margen ◽  
S Sulistyo ◽  
Sri Nugroho ◽  
Yoga Setiawan Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Cost Effective Technique

Electrodeposition is considered an easy and cost effective technique for the manufacture of alloy layers. Various properties for coatings can be achieved by selecting various electrodeposition parameters. These materials have the advantage of corrosion resistance but relatively expensive. They will need alternative materials that can easily obtained and replace these materials. This paper discusses the process of coating stainless steel AISI 304 and copper with Ni. Electric current and coating time is used in the electroplating coating process of Ni to Ni thickness supported by ultrasonic batch. AISI 304 stainless steel and copper coated using nickel (Ni) with variable time and fixed electric current parameters. The electric current used 1.5 ampere, the time of plating process of 60 seconds, 120 seconds, and 180 seconds. The composition of nickel electrolyte solutions using nickel sulfate 300 gr/L, nickel chloride 30 gr/L, and sour borax 30 gr/L with brighteners added one (I) 15 mL and brighteners two (II) 1 mL. Measurement of thickness is done by using optical microscope assisted by imageraster software. The best process used 1.5 amperes of electric current and time of 180 seconds. The value of copper thickness is 26.50 (μm) using ultrasonic batch.

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