SINGLE AND DOUBLE SHOT BLASTING TREATMENT OF 304 STAINLESS STEEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khairulmaini ◽  
S. K. Alias ◽  
B. Abdullah ◽  
J. M. Said ◽  
N. Sulong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Sand Blasting ◽  
Dispersion Layer

Properties enhancement through surface modification has been established as a method to improve the dispersion quality of case hardening treatment. Improvement of dispersion thickness layers resulted in properties enhancement of metallic material. This study investigates the effect of shot blasting parameters which are single (SB) and double (DB) sand blasting on boronizing dispersion layer of 304 stainless steel. Boronizing treatment is conducted using paste boron at temperature of 900˚C for 6 hours holding time. The dispersion layer measurement and phase identification were evaluated through optical microscope and XRD analysis. Vickers hardness test and surface roughness analysis were also conducted .The result shows that noticeable enhancement of dispersion layer thickness was observed after conducting double sand blasting as compared to single sand blasting. Thicker dispersion layer leads to the increment of hardness value and also enhancement in surface roughness properties.

Boron Dispersion Layer of Paste Boronized 304 Stainless Steel before and after Shot Blasting Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Syazuan Abdul Latip ◽  
Nik Roseley Nik Roselina ◽  
Norhisyam Jenal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dispersion Layer

Boronizing had been extensively used in enhancing the properties of metallic material such as steel by formation of hard casing on the surface of the substrate. This study highlighted the effect of applying surface deformation process which is shot blasting on the dispersion layer of paste boronized 304 stainless steel. Boronizing treatment was conducted using two different temperatures which are 850°C and 950°C for 6 hour holding time. Shot blasting process was conducted onto the surface of the samples before boronizing process in order to allow deeper boron dispersion layer. Microstructure and boron dispersion layer measurement were then accomplished using optical microscope. XRD analysis was performed to validate the existence of Fe2B phases and Rockwell hardness test was also conducted to obtain the hardness values. The results indicated that combinations of high boronizing temperature and shot blasting process facilitate deeper dispersion layer. Deeper dispersion layer are paramount as it will enhanced the hardness and wear properties.

ANALYSIS ON MICROSTRUCTURE, HARDNESS AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SHOT BLASTED-PASTE BORONIZED 316 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hafizuddin Mohamad Basir ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Boride Layer ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Hardness Tester

In this research, analysis on microstructure, hardness and surface roughness of 316 austenitic stainless steel were conducted before and after boronizing process. Boronizing treatment was conducted using a paste medium at a temperature of 8500C, with and without shot blasting. Microstructures of the specimens were observed under Olympus BX60 Optical Microscope. Vickers Micro Hardness Tester was used to determine the hardness of the specimens while Optical 3D Surface Metrology Sys was used to measure the surface roughness of the specimens. The process of boronizing diffuses boron into the surface of steel which resulted in the formation of the boride layers that consist of FeB and Fe2B. Shot blasting process increased the boron diffusion which resulted in increment of the boride layer thickness and hardness value while the surface roughness was fluctuated. Increment in the hardness value of 316 stainless steel causes the steel to be able to withstand a heavy load.

Effective hydrogen diffusivities of AISI 304 stainless steel with Ni or Au coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-596
Author(s):  
Krittayot Wannapoklang ◽  
Sirichai Leelachao ◽  
Anchaleeporn W. Lothongkum ◽  
Gobboon Lothongkum
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
304 Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Hydrogen Assisted Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steel Coupon ◽  
Effective Hydrogen

AbstractMetallic coatings which provide a hydrogen diffusion barrier are thought to reduce hydrogen assisted cracking on stainless steel. The influence of a metallic layer on the hydrogen migration of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated using a commercial electroplating layer of Ni and Au on a thin stainless steel coupon. Phase identification was performed using an X-ray diffractometer to determine the average thicknesses, measured from back-scattered scanning electron images. Regarding the ASTM G148-97 practice, the effective hydrogen diffusivities of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, nickel and gold were measured as 7.07 × 10-13, 2.72 × 10-14 and 9.64 × 10-16 m2 × s-1, respectively. In this work, a gold layer was found to be most effective for the prevention of hydrogen diffusion when compared with untreated and Ni-plated 304 stainless steel.

The Cutting Speed Influences on Tool Wear of ZTA Ceramic Cutting Tools and Surface Roughness of Work Material Stainless Steel 316L during High Speed Machining

2016 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afifah Mohd Ali ◽  
Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah ◽  
Manimaran Ratnam ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Dense Body ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Matlab Programming

The purpose of this research is to find the effects of cutting speed on the performance of the ZTA ceramic cutting tool. Three types of ZTA tools used in this study which are ZTA-MgO(micro), ZTA-MgO(nano) and ZTA-MgO-CeO2. Each of them were fabricated by wet mixing the materials, then dried at 100°C before crushed into powder. The powder was pressed into rhombic shape and sintered at 1600°C at 4 hours soaking time to yield dense body. To study the effect of the cutting speed on fabricated tool, machining was performed on the stainless steel 316L at 1500 to 2000 rpm cutting speed. Surface roughness of workpiece was measured and the tool wears were analysed by using optical microscope and Matlab programming where two types of wear measured i.e. nose wear and crater wear. Result shows that by increasing the cutting speed, the nose wear and crater wear increased due to high abrasion. However, surface roughness decreased due to temperature rise causing easier chip formation leaving a good quality surface although the tool wear is increased.

Characterization of Cofficient of Friction in Dry Contact for Control of Vibrations in Machine Systems

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil Abdo ◽  
Kambiz Farhang ◽  
Glenn Meinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Dry Contact ◽  
Machine Systems ◽  
Alloy 6061

Abstract A 2k factorial experiment is performed to ascertain the effect of four factors and their cross influence on friction between dry surfaces. The factors in this study include materials Young’s modulus, applied normal load, surface roughness and relative surface speed. For each combination of factors four replicates in addition to two center points are used to obtain an average coefficient of friction for dry contact. In the experiment 304 Stainless Steel and Alloy 6061 Aluminum are employed to provide the high and low levels of Young’s modulus. Results suggest that Young’s modulus has the most significant influence followed by velocity/modulus cross-coupling, surface roughness, load, and modulus/roughness. Analyses are carried out separately for the 304 Stainless Steel and alloy 6061 Aluminum to remove the effect of Young’s modulus. The results are used to obtain iso-friction curves that serve to establish force-speed control for prevention of stick-slip vibration.

Fracture Failure Analysis of 304 Stainless Steel Elbow

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Wang ◽  
Guoshan Xie ◽  
Libin Song ◽  
Meng He ◽  
Fakun Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrogen Embrittlement ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
Delayed Cracking

A cracking incident of a 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the synthesis gas purification device occurred during running. In order to get an understanding of the failure mechanism, a failure analysis was performed on the cracked elbow in this paper. The chemical composition, mechanical properties of strength, toughness and hardness, hydrogen content were identified and determined. The metallographical structure was observed and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), while the fracture morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the chemical composition of the cracked elbow meet the requirements for China standard, while comparing with GB/T 14976-2012 standards, the strength and elongation of the leaked elbow are higher and lower respectively, and the hardness of the leaked elbow was higher than quality certificate documents that of HB ⩽ 187. Large quantities of martensite and δ-ferrite were observed in elbow, which indicated that the elbow was not well solid solution heat treated required by specification (1050°C,30min). The fracture morphology presents typical brittle fracture. The hydrogen content of cracked elbow was significant higher than that of other 304 stainless steel elbow serving in the environment without hydrogen. It is acknowledged that martensite showed higher sensitivity of hydrogen embrittlement compared with austenite. Furthermore, the operating temperature of cracked elbow was in the range of high hydrogen embrittlement sensitivity. Depending on the metallographical structure, strength, service environment, hydrogen content and fracture morphology, it can be concluded that hydrogen induced delayed cracking was the dominant mechanism of the failure.

scholarly journals Influence of Coolant Pressure Size on Surface Roughness when Stainless Steel Machining

2019 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Robert Cep ◽  
Lenka Cepova ◽  
Cristina Stefana Borzan ◽  
Jiri Kasal ◽  
Marek Sadilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Contact Method ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Pressure Control Valve ◽  
Valve Housing

The paper is focused on the influence of the coolant pressure on the surface roughness of the workpiece when machining stainless steels. The components were machined on a STAR SR-32J dual spindle machining center and an external cooling unit HYTEK CHAV 160/150-AF-F-OL was used for cooling. Two stainless steel components were investigated, namely the gas control valve rod and the high-pressure control valve housing, which require low roughness Ra after machining (less than 0.375 and 0.25 micrometers respectively). The first component was tested at 8 different pressures in the range of 150 bar - 10 bar and the second component at 4 different pressures in the range of 120 bar - 10 bar. The roughness parameters were measured by the contact method using the MITUTOYO Surftest SJ-410 Roughness Tester and the Alicona InfiniteFocus optical microscope. Based on these sample input parameters, it was evaluated howmuch the pressure affects the surface quality or suggested its reduction due to the high cost of operation of the external high-pressure equipment.

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