A Study on the Development of Liquid Cell Smear Device Used in the Early Detection of Cancer Cells

This study was conducted to develop a liquid cell smear device for the early detection of cancer cells. Liquid based cytology (LBC) diagnosis cancer using epithelial cells in the early diagnosis of cancer. LBC has advantages of repeated testing using cells collected once, and of producing a slide with the transparent background compared to the manually prepared slide. In this study, a liquid cell smear device that automatically prepares the slide for LBC was developed. For the efficient separation of alcohol, which is a main component of cell preserving solution used for the preservation of liquid cells, from cells, the cylinder and solenoid valve with high durability against alcohol were used. For the control of the moving distance of the suction cylinder and smear-mover, a stepping motor was used to implement the mode corresponding to the cells. The implemented mode was comprised of five modes (uterine cervical, sputum, urine, body fluids, and the thyroid cells) for LBC. In addition, the manual mode and the cleaning mode to filter impurities deposited in the hose, cylinder, and solenoid valve were implemented. The slide was prepared according to each mode, and the smear condition of the prepared slide was examined by a cytopathologist in order to determine the optimal smear condition. As a result, the optimal slide was prepared in the condition of 3 for uterine cervical cells, 8 for sputum cells, 10 for urine cells, 1 for body fluid, and 6 for thyroid cells.

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Early Detection of Cancer Using Smartphones

Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice - Optimizing Health Monitoring Systems With Wireless Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6067-8.ch003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Kodieswari A.

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Circulating Tumor Cell ◽

Efficient Technology ◽

Abnormal Growth ◽

High Death

Cancer disease is the second largest disease in the world with high death mortality. Cancer is an abnormal growth of a normal cell. There are more than 100 types of cancer like blood cancer, brain cancer, small intestine cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc. The type of cancer can be classified by the type of cell which is initially affected. When cancer grows it does not show any symptom. The symptom will appear when the cancer cell grows in mass and the symptom of cancer depends on the type of cancer. The cause of cancers is environmental pollutants, food habits, inherited genetics, tobacco, stress, etc., but in practice, it is not possible to prove the cause of cancer since various cancers do not have specific fingerprints. After the heart attack, cancer is a second killer disease in India. The death mortality is high in cancer because in most of the cases it is identified at the final stage which causes more death. According to ICMR, among 1.27 billion Indian populations, the incidence of cancer is 70-90 per 100,000 populations and 70% of cancer is identified in the last stage accounting for high morality. There are many types of treatment to treat cancer and they are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplant, etc. All cancer treatments will have side effects and the treatments will help only if the cancer cells are identified at the early stage. So time factor is important in diagnosing of cancer cells; hence, early detection of cancer will reduce the mortality rate. This chapter proposed the early detection of cancer cells using image processing techniques by the structure of circulating tumor cell. Early detection of cancer cells is very difficult because the concentration of cancer cells are extremely small and about one million malignant cell is encountered per billion of healthy cells. The circulating tumor cells, CTC, are shed into the bloodstream as a tumor grows, and it is believed these cells initiate the spread of cancer. CTC are rare, existing as only a few per one billion blood cells, and a highly efficient technology like chip-based biosensor platforms is required to capture the CTC, which in turn helps to detect cancer cell at an early stage before spreading. In proposed method, the circulating tumor cell has used a marker to detect cancer at early stage.

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Biobanking in Molecular Biomarker Research for the Early Detection of Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12040776 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 776

Author(s):

Kim Lommen ◽

Selena Odeh ◽

Chiel C. de Theije ◽

Kim M. Smits

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Large Scale ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Scale Validation ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Liquid Biopsies ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Processing And Storage ◽

Monitor Treatment Response

Although population-wide screening programs for several cancer types have been implemented in multiple countries, screening procedures are invasive, time-consuming and often perceived as a burden for patients. Molecular biomarkers measurable in non-invasively collected samples (liquid biopsies) could facilitate screening, as they could have incremental value on early diagnosis of cancer, but could also predict prognosis or monitor treatment response. Although the shift towards biomarkers from liquid biopsies for early cancer detection was initiated some time ago, there are many challenges that hamper the development of such biomarkers. One of these challenges is large-scale validation that requires large prospectively collected biobanks with liquid biopsies. Establishing those biobanks involves several considerations, such as standardization of sample collection, processing and storage within and between biobanks. In this perspective, we will elaborate on several issues that need to be contemplated in biobanking, both in general and for certain specimen types specifically, to be able to facilitate biomarker validation for early detection of cancer.

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Adsorption according to the Langmuir–Freundlich model is the detection mechanism of the antigen p53 for early diagnosis of cancer

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c5cp07121f ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 8412-8418 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Juliana Coatrini Soares ◽

Andrey Coatrini Soares ◽

Paulo Augusto Raymundo Pereira ◽

Valquiria da Cruz Rodrigues ◽

Flavio Makoto Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Detection Mechanism ◽

Freundlich Model ◽

Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽

Diagnosis Of Cancer

The Langmuir–Freundlich model is used to explain the adsorption of the p53 biomarker onto an immunosensor for early detection of cancer.

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Platelets and tumor-associated RNA transfer

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.2019003978 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Silvia D'Ambrosi ◽

Jonas Nilsson ◽

Thomas Wurdinger

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Early Detection ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Early Detection Of Cancer ◽

Treatment Monitoring ◽

Cancer Development ◽

Nucleic Acid Content ◽

Rna Biomarkers ◽

Potential Use ◽

Potential Biomarkers

Until recently the nucleic acid content of platelets was considered to be fully determined by their progenitor megakaryocyte. However, it is now well understood that additional mediators (e.g. cancer cells) can intervene, thereby influencing the RNA repertoire of platelets. Platelets are highly dynamic cells, able to communicate and influence their environment. For instance, platelets have been involved in various steps of cancer development and progression by supporting tumor growth, survival and dissemination. Cancer cells can directly and/or indirectly influence the platelet RNA content, resulting in tumor-mediated 'education' of platelets. Alterations in the tumor-educated platelet (TEP) RNA profile have been described as a novel source of potential biomarkers. Individual platelet RNA biomarkers as well as complex RNA signatures may be used for early-detection of cancer and treatment monitoring. Here we review the RNA transfer occurring between cancer cells and platelets. We explore the potential use of platelet RNA biomarkers as a liquid biopsy biosource, and discuss methods to evaluate the transcriptomic content of platelets.

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