scholarly journals Platelets and tumor-associated RNA transfer

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia D'Ambrosi ◽  
Jonas Nilsson ◽  
Thomas Wurdinger
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Treatment Monitoring ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content ◽  
Rna Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Until recently the nucleic acid content of platelets was considered to be fully determined by their progenitor megakaryocyte. However, it is now well understood that additional mediators (e.g. cancer cells) can intervene, thereby influencing the RNA repertoire of platelets. Platelets are highly dynamic cells, able to communicate and influence their environment. For instance, platelets have been involved in various steps of cancer development and progression by supporting tumor growth, survival and dissemination. Cancer cells can directly and/or indirectly influence the platelet RNA content, resulting in tumor-mediated 'education' of platelets. Alterations in the tumor-educated platelet (TEP) RNA profile have been described as a novel source of potential biomarkers. Individual platelet RNA biomarkers as well as complex RNA signatures may be used for early-detection of cancer and treatment monitoring. Here we review the RNA transfer occurring between cancer cells and platelets. We explore the potential use of platelet RNA biomarkers as a liquid biopsy biosource, and discuss methods to evaluate the transcriptomic content of platelets.

Early Detection of Cancer Using Smartphones

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kodieswari A.
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
High Death

Cancer disease is the second largest disease in the world with high death mortality. Cancer is an abnormal growth of a normal cell. There are more than 100 types of cancer like blood cancer, brain cancer, small intestine cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc. The type of cancer can be classified by the type of cell which is initially affected. When cancer grows it does not show any symptom. The symptom will appear when the cancer cell grows in mass and the symptom of cancer depends on the type of cancer. The cause of cancers is environmental pollutants, food habits, inherited genetics, tobacco, stress, etc., but in practice, it is not possible to prove the cause of cancer since various cancers do not have specific fingerprints. After the heart attack, cancer is a second killer disease in India. The death mortality is high in cancer because in most of the cases it is identified at the final stage which causes more death. According to ICMR, among 1.27 billion Indian populations, the incidence of cancer is 70-90 per 100,000 populations and 70% of cancer is identified in the last stage accounting for high morality. There are many types of treatment to treat cancer and they are surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, hormone therapy, stem cell transplant, etc. All cancer treatments will have side effects and the treatments will help only if the cancer cells are identified at the early stage. So time factor is important in diagnosing of cancer cells; hence, early detection of cancer will reduce the mortality rate. This chapter proposed the early detection of cancer cells using image processing techniques by the structure of circulating tumor cell. Early detection of cancer cells is very difficult because the concentration of cancer cells are extremely small and about one million malignant cell is encountered per billion of healthy cells. The circulating tumor cells, CTC, are shed into the bloodstream as a tumor grows, and it is believed these cells initiate the spread of cancer. CTC are rare, existing as only a few per one billion blood cells, and a highly efficient technology like chip-based biosensor platforms is required to capture the CTC, which in turn helps to detect cancer cell at an early stage before spreading. In proposed method, the circulating tumor cell has used a marker to detect cancer at early stage.

A Study on the Development of Liquid Cell Smear Device Used in the Early Detection of Cancer Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 1129-1132
Author(s):  
Han Yeong Oh ◽  
Seong Hyun Kim ◽  
Dong Wook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Liquid Cell ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Main Component

This study was conducted to develop a liquid cell smear device for the early detection of cancer cells. Liquid based cytology (LBC) diagnosis cancer using epithelial cells in the early diagnosis of cancer. LBC has advantages of repeated testing using cells collected once, and of producing a slide with the transparent background compared to the manually prepared slide. In this study, a liquid cell smear device that automatically prepares the slide for LBC was developed. For the efficient separation of alcohol, which is a main component of cell preserving solution used for the preservation of liquid cells, from cells, the cylinder and solenoid valve with high durability against alcohol were used. For the control of the moving distance of the suction cylinder and smear-mover, a stepping motor was used to implement the mode corresponding to the cells. The implemented mode was comprised of five modes (uterine cervical, sputum, urine, body fluids, and the thyroid cells) for LBC. In addition, the manual mode and the cleaning mode to filter impurities deposited in the hose, cylinder, and solenoid valve were implemented. The slide was prepared according to each mode, and the smear condition of the prepared slide was examined by a cytopathologist in order to determine the optimal smear condition. As a result, the optimal slide was prepared in the condition of 3 for uterine cervical cells, 8 for sputum cells, 10 for urine cells, 1 for body fluid, and 6 for thyroid cells.

scholarly journals Basal cell carcinoma appearing in a facial nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn: dermoscopic features

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Leonor Enei ◽  
Francisco Macedo Paschoal ◽  
Gustavo Valdés ◽  
Rodrigo Valdés
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Nevus Sebaceous

The nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn usually affects the face or scalp. It tends to evolve in three stages, and the final stage is characterized by the appearance of tumours. We present the case of a facial nevus sebaceous of Jadasshon in which a basal cell carcinoma developed. We also explore the diagnosis of this disease, which was established through dermoscopy, and propose using this technique in the clinical follow-up of this type of hamartoma, thereby allowing the early detection of cancer development.

Role of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Olga A. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Aim of this letter is to attract the attention of journal readers to the study of exosomes as an important direction in the development of Oncology, in particular, in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Exosomes are produced by tumor cells and regulate proliferation, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. Their extraction from biological fluids allows further use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. In the future, exosomes can be successfully used in the delivery of drugs and other anti-tumor substances to cancer cells.

Application of Ogur & Rosen's Method for the Determination of Nucleic Acid Content of Bacteria

1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyasu KAWASAKI ◽  
Ichiro TAKI ◽  
Chiaki WATANABE ◽  
Kiyoshi MATOBA ◽  
Mokichiro NISHIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Nucleic Acid Content

Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer - Current Concepts, Future Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Mackiewicz ◽  
Aleksander Sowa ◽  
Jakub Fichna
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Sporadic Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Histological Testing ◽  
Made In

: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains a critical complication of ulcerative colitis (UC) with mortality of approximately 15%, which makes early CAC diagnosis crucial. The current standard of surveillance, with repetitive colonoscopies and histological testing of biopsied mucosa samples is burdensome and expensive, and therefore less invasive methods and reliable biomarkers are needed. Significant progress has been made thanks to continuous extensive research in this field, however no clinically relevant biomarker has been established so far. This review of the current literature presents the genetic and molecular differences between CAC and sporadic colorectal cancer and covers progress made in the early detection of CAC carcinogenesis. It focuses on biomarkers under development, which can be easily tested in samples of body fluids or breath and, once made clinically available, will help to differentiate between progressors (UC patients who will develop dysplasia) from non-progressors and enable early intervention to decrease the risk of cancer development.

Patented Biomarker Panels in Early Detection of Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Neagu ◽  
Carolina Constantin ◽  
Cristiana Tanase ◽  
Daniel Boda
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Detection Of Cancer
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