Design and Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures for Stress Absorbing Pavement Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 764-765 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Ondrej Dasek ◽  
Pavel Coufalik ◽  
Petr Hyzl ◽  
Jan Kudrna ◽  
Jaroslava Daskova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Absorbing Layer ◽  
Tensile Relaxation

This paper deals with the use of special asphalt-rubber mixture, the Stress Absorbing Layer (SAL). Description of SAL and test methods is given in theoretical part of this paper. Several different mixtures were designed and selected ones subsequently tested. Low-temperature properties, rutting test, bending tensile relaxation, stiffness modulus and fatigue properties were determined. These parameters are stated for asphalt-rubber mixtures with aggregate sizes up to 5 mm, 8 mm or 16 mm.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Asphalt Rubber Mixture with Additives

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng ◽  
Liu ◽  
Ren ◽  
Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Temperature Performance

Crumb rubber, as a recycled material used in asphalt mixture, has gained more attention in recent years due to environmental benefits and the advantages of its pavement, such as excellent resistance to cracking, improved durability, less road maintenance, lower road noise, etc. However, the high-temperature performance of mixture with crumb rubber does not perform well. In order to improve the performance, this paper examined the effect of additives on the laboratory performance of asphalt rubber Stone Matrix Asphalt (AR-SMA) with additives. Three groups of AR-SMA: no additives, Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene (SBS) and Granular Polymer Durable additive (GPDa) were included, with no additives as a control group. Each group was investigated at three asphalt rubber content (ARC): 6.4%, 6.9%, 7.4% with regard to high-temperature and fatigue properties. The results show that with increasing ARC, the high-temperature performance of mixture without additive decreases, and the high-temperature performance increases first and then decreases for SBS and GPDa. Moreover, the rutting resistance of AR-SMA with GPDa at 6.9% ARC performs best. Under the condition of mixtures with appropriate ARC, AR-SMA with GPDa has higher fatigue life and sensitivity to fatigue cracking than the control group. Simultaneously, the fatigue performance of AR-SMA with GPDa is not as significant as that without additive with increasing ARC. In a word, GPDa is a good choice to improve the performance of AR-SMA. However, it should be noted that optimal asphalt content of AR-SMA mixtures with GPDa is higher than that of traditional mixtures.

scholarly journals Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-Temperature Strength Properties According to Various Test Methods

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Strength Reserve

In regions with low-temperatures, action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties of asphalt mixtures: tensile strength was measured using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) and the uniaxial tension stress test (UTST), flexural strength was measured using the bending beam test (BBT), and fracture toughness was measured using the semi-circular bending test (SCB). The strength reserve behavior of tested asphalt mixtures was assessed as well. The influence of cooling rate on the strength reserve was investigated and correlations between results from different test methods were also analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the type of bitumen was a factor of crucial importance to low-temperature properties of the tested asphalt concretes. This conclusion was valid for all test methods that were used. It was also observed that the level of cooling rate influenced the strength reserve and, in consequence, resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that reasonably good correlations were observed between strength results for the UTST, BBT, and SCB test methods.

Low Temperature Cracking Evaluation of Asphalt Rubber Mixtures Using Semi-Circular Bending Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4201-4206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Scb Test ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

Low temperature cracking is the main distress in asphalt pavements in winter. As asphalt rubber course is increasing, there is no standard method to characterize the resistance to cracking of asphalt rubber mixtures. This paper investigates the use of a Semi Circular Bend (SCB) test as a candidate for a low-temperature cracking specification. Based on the SCB test, this paper presents the findings of a laboratory study that aimed to evaluate the effects of recycled tire rubber on the Low temperature cracking properties of asphalt mixtures. Three mix types, a conventional hot-mix asphalt concrete, a dry process rubber modified asphalt concrete, and a wet process asphalt-rubber asphalt concrete, were included in the investigation. It is found that the asphalt mixtures produced by the wet process showed much better low temperature crack resistance, the binder effect modified by rubber was significant.

scholarly journals Influence of Bitumen Type and Asphalt Mixture Composition on Low-temperature Strength Properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Tension Stress ◽  
Strength Reserve

In regions with low-temperature action transverse cracks can appear in asphalt pavements as a result of thermal stresses that exceed the fracture strength of materials used in asphalt layers. To better understand thermal cracking phenomenon, strength properties of different asphalt mixtures were investigated. Four test methods were used to assess the influence of bitumen type and mixture composition on tensile strength properties of asphalt mixtures: tensile strength using the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) and the Uniaxial Tension Stress Test (UTST), flexural strength using the Bending Beam Test (BBT) and fracture toughness using the Semi-Circular Bending Test (SCB). The strength reserve behavior of tested asphalt mixtures was assessed as well. The influence of cooling rate on strength reserve was investigated and correlations between results from different test methods were also analyzed and discussed. It was observed that the type of bitumen is a factor of crucial importance to low-temperature properties of the tested asphalt concretes. This conclusion was proved by all test methods that were used. It was also observed that the level of cooling rate influences the strength reserve and, in consequence, resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was concluded that reasonably good correlations were observed between strength results for the UTST, BBT and SCB test methods.

Preliminary prediction of endurance limit for asphalt rubber mixtures due to healing

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mena I. Souliman ◽  
Michael Mamlouk ◽  
Kamil E. Kaloush
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Stiffness Ratio ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Asphalt Rubber

One of the main requirements of designing perpetual pavements is to determine the endurance limit of asphalt mixtures. The endurance limit is the strain below which no fatigue damage occurs or can be healed during unloading. If the pavement thickness is controlled so that the strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer is kept below the endurance limit, the pavement would endure indefinite load repetitions and would not experience bottom-up fatigue cracking. Field observation shows that an endurance limit for hot mix asphalt (HMA) does exist. The endurance limit values were previously determined in the laboratory in the NCHRP Project 9-44A for conventional HMA at different conditions. The purpose of this paper was to determine the endurance limit values for asphalt rubber (AR) mixtures using laboratory beam fatigue tests. The paper discusses the results of a study that produced a preliminary estimation of the endurance limit for an asphalt rubber mixture placed in Sweden. This study included 24 beam fatigue laboratory tests conducted according to the AASHTO T321-03 test procedure with rest periods between loading cycles. Two factors that affect the fatigue response of asphalt mixtures were evaluated, which are the applied strain and the rest period between loading cycles. A model was developed to determine the stiffness ratio as a function of strain and rest period. The endurance limit was determined using the developed model by setting the stiffness ratio as one, indicating no accumulated damage or complete healing. Endurance limit values for the AR mixture ranged from 150 to 175 microstrain at 20 °C, which are significantly higher than those of conventional HMA. This indicates that a thinner asphalt rubber layer can be used to reach the endurance limit as compared to the HMA layer. Determining the endurance limit of asphalt rubber has significant design and economic implications.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thermal Stresses in Asphalt Mixtures at Low Temperatures Using the Tensile Creep Test and the Bending Beam Creep Test

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Mariusz Jaczewski ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Failure Temperature

Thermal stresses belong to the leading factors that influence low-temperature cracking behavior of asphalt pavements. During winter, when temperature drops to significantly low values, tensile thermal stresses develop as a result of pavement contraction. Creep test methods can be suitable for the assessment of low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures. To evaluate the influence of creep test methods on the obtained low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures, three point bending and uniaxial tensile creep tests were applied and the master curves of stiffness modulus were analyzed. On the basis of creep test results, rheological parameters describing elastic and viscous properties of the asphalt mixtures were determined. Thermal stresses were calculated and compared to tensile strength of the material to obtain the failure temperature of the analyzed asphalt mixtures. It was noted that lower strain values of creep curves were obtained for the Tensile Creep Test (TCT) than for the Bending Beam Creep Test (BBCT), especially at lower temperatures. Results of thermal stress calculations indicated that higher reliability was obtained for the viscoelastic Monismith method based on the TCT results than for the simple quasi-elastic solution of Hills and Brien. The highest agreement with the TSRST results was also obtained for the Monismith method based on the TCT results. No clear relationships were noted between the predicted failure temperature and different methods of thermal stress calculations.

Performance Evaluation of Large Stone Porous Asphalt-Rubber Mixture

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 1184-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Dong Cao ◽  
Zhan Yong Yao ◽  
Qing Sen Shang ◽  
Ying Yong Li ◽  
Yong Shun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Rigid Base ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Large Stone ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
As Stress

Performance of Large Stone Porous Asphalt- Rubber Mixture（LSPARM）was studied in laboratory. Hamburg wheel tracking test, low temperature indirect tensile test and bending fatigue test were conducted to evaluate the high temperature performance of resistance to rutting, moisture susceptibility, low temperature performance of resistance to cracking and anti-fatigue performance of LSPARM and the test results were compared with the conventional large stone porous asphalt mixture using one polymer modified asphalt (control mixture). The test results indicate that LSPARM has better performance than the control mixture and it could be used as stress absorbing layers of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement.

scholarly journals Viscoelastic Analysis of the Damping Asphalt Mixtures (DAMs) Made with a High Content of Asphalt Rubber (AR)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Huang ◽  
Yuantian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Stiffness Modulus ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Viscoelastic Analysis ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Asphalt Rubber ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Testing

Damping asphalt mixtures (DAMs) have been developed to resist vibration and noise caused by traffic loads, and the ultimate design goal in this process is to increase damping. However, while optimizing its damping characteristics, the viscoelastic properties are not yet clear. In the present study, two DAMs are designed based on the open-graded (OG) aggregate structure, and the viscoelastic properties are evaluated subsequently by the dynamic mechanical testing. The results show that the proposed mix-design method for DAMs can meet the mechanical requirements specified in the standards; DAMs are detected to have higher phase angle and lower stiffness modulus compared with traditional mixtures, and the antifatigue performance is excellent but resistance to rutting may face challenges.

scholarly journals Assessment of Thermal Stresses in Asphalt Mixtures at Low Temperatures Using the Tensile Creep Test and the Bending Beam Creep Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pszczola ◽  
Mariusz Jaczewski ◽  
Cezary Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Creep Test ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Tensile Creep ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Failure Temperature

Thermal stresses are leading factors that influence low-temperature cracking behavior of asphalt pavements. During winter, when the temperature drops to significantly low values, tensile thermal stresses develop as a result of pavement contraction. Creep test methods can be suitable for the assessment of low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures. To evaluate the influence of creep test methods on the obtained low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures, three point bending and uniaxial tensile creep tests were applied and the master curves of stiffness modulus were analyzed. On the basis of creep test results, rheological parameters describing elastic and viscous properties of the asphalt mixtures were determined. Thermal stresses were calculated and compared to the tensile strength of the material to obtain the failure temperature of the analyzed asphalt mixtures. It was noted that lower strain values of creep curves were obtained for the Tensile Creep Test (TCT) than for the Bending Beam Creep Test (BBCT), especially at lower temperatures. Results of thermal stress calculations indicated that higher reliability was obtained for the viscoelastic Monismith method based on the TCT results than for the simple quasi-elastic solution of Hills and Brien. The highest agreement with the TSRST results was also obtained for the Monismith method based on the TCT results. No clear relationships were noted between the predicted failure temperature and different methods of thermal stress calculations.

scholarly journals Investigation Of Comparability Of TSRST And SCB Cracking Tests For Evaluation Of Low-Temperature Properties In Asphalt Mixtures And Use In Quality Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
Janis Baumanis ◽  
Arturs Riekstins ◽  
Andris Balodis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

Abstract Mix design procedure for asphalt mixtures in the Baltic region requires to ensure resistance to low temperatures due to climatic conditions. Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) has been considered as the most precise direct test method to determine the thermal behaviour of asphalt mixtures. As the TSRST test is time-consuming and the equipment is much more expensive, therefore the possibility to use Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) as a preliminary test was evaluated and the potential threshold was recommended. This study presents the evaluation of low-temperature properties with SCB and TSRST methods and the test suitability assessment for use in quality control. The supplementary rating was made by analysing Fraass breaking point test results of asphalt binders. In total 36 different asphalt samples were tested to investigate fracture test methods and to assess the influence of bitumen type and composition on resistance to low-temperature cracking. The results displayed an acceptable correlation between both test methods that allow using SCB for pre-screening purposes. At the same time, the results indicated that the type of used bitumen has a crucial influence on asphalt mixtures resistance to low-temperature cracking.

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