Current Status and Problems of Building Interior Decoration Using Low Formaldehyde-Emitting Materials in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Huang ◽  
Han Cheng Juan
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Path Control ◽  
Inspection Systems

Regardless of material regulations at the supply source or post-construction quality inspection systems, certain levels of model management systems have been developed. However, in the hospital waiting room, the measured formaldehyde concentration in the air reached 0.99 ppm, which is 12 times higher than that of the standard value. The formaldehyde emission rates measured in the building materials of the private housings or hospital waiting room ranged from 158 to 238 μg/m2∙h, which exceed both the ABSL and BSMI standards. Moreover, the decoration locations, construction staff, and construction behaviors varied despite their claims of using low formaldehyde-emitting materials. This study compiled the current objectives and regulations established by various supervising authorities and implemented a supporting management system in material grading, amount of material usage, ventilation path control, and ventilation effectiveness for facilitating the promotion of healthy indoor air quality, thereby enhancing public health.

Correlation between formaldehyde emission characteristics in enclosed desiccators with five different geometries

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2090891
Author(s):  
Yujin Kang ◽  
Sung-Jun Yoo ◽  
Kazuhide Ito
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Diffusion Control ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Enclosed Chamber

The static headspace method using a small enclosed chamber has been extensively used to estimate the emission characteristics of formaldehyde, e.g., emission rates from building materials. The formation of the transient formaldehyde concentration by emission, diffusion and sorption in a small confined chamber was investigated using three-dimensional modelling and numerical analyses. Here, five types of glass desiccators were adopted as the small chamber for the headspace method. The inner geometries of the desiccator with the emission source (the building material) and sorbent (water in a Petri dish) were precisely modelled. Transient numerical analyses were performed to determine the formaldehyde emission from different building materials of the external (evaporative) diffusion control type, molecular diffusion and sorption on the water in the confined desiccators. In order to clarify the effect of the desiccator inner geometry on the formaldehyde emission characteristics, the equivalent diffusion length ( Ld) concept, which could be identified as the representative one-dimensional diffusion length scale, was proposed. The results of the numerical analyses showed that Ld and the formaldehyde concentration in the sorbent solution over a 24 h numerical experiment were significantly affected by the desiccator geometry. These results confirmed that the calibration of the emission rate with external diffusion control using Ld is appropriate when measuring the formaldehyde emission rate in an enclosed desiccator with different geometries.

scholarly journals An investigation of formaldehyde concentration in residences and the development of a model for the prediction of its emission rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 540-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baizhan Li ◽  
Zhu Cheng ◽  
Runming Yao ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Wei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formaldehyde Concentration ◽  
Emission Rates

scholarly journals Unit-Based Emissions Inventory for Electric Power Systems in Kuwait: Current Status and Future Predictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawaf S. Alhajeri ◽  
Fahad M. Al-Fadhli ◽  
Ahmed Z. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Emissions Inventory

Obtaining accurate estimates of emissions from electric power systems is essential for predicting air quality and evaluating the effectiveness of any future control technologies. This paper aimed to develop unit-based emissions inventories for electric power systems in Kuwait using different parameters, including fuel specifications and consumption, combustion technology and its efficiency, unit capacity, and boiler type. The study also estimated the future emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, and PM10 up to the year 2030 using a multivariate regression model in addition to predicting future energy demand. The results showed that annual (2010–2015) emissions of all air pollutants, excluding SO2 and PM10, increased over the study period. CO had the greatest increase of 41.9%, whereas SO2 levels decreased the most by 13% over the 2010 levels, due to the replacement of heavy fuel oil. Energy consumption in 2015 stood at approximately 86 PJ, with natural gas, gas oil, crude oil, and heavy fuel oil making up 51.2%, 10.7%, 3.1%, and 35%, respectively. Energy demand was projected to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. The required installed capacity to meet this demand was estimated to be approximately 21.8 GW (a 34% increase in capacity compared to 2015 levels). The projected emission rates showed that, of the five air pollutants, SO2 and PM10 are expected to decrease by 2030 by 34% and 11%, respectively. However, peak monthly emissions of SO2 would still only be 14% lower compared to the 2015 monthly average. In contrast, emission levels are projected to increase by 34.3%, 54.8%, and 71.8% for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively, by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. Accordingly, a more ambitious target of renewables penetration needs to be adopted to reduce emission levels going forward.

The Influence of Thickness of Nitrocellulose Wood Lacquer on Formaldehyde Emission Rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 354-355 ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jiao Xiao ◽  
Bao Qing Deng ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yun Lin Zang ◽  
Meng Ling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Paint Film ◽  
Formaldehyde Emission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Exponential Decay Model ◽  
Set Up

This study aimed to investigate the influence of the paint film thickness on formaldehyde emission rates. A small-scale environmental chamber was set up to test the formaldehyde emission from wood lacquer with different thicknesses. In all experiments, the temperature, the airflow rate and the relative humidity were the same, which were set to 23 °C, 1000 L/s, 45 %, respectively. The emission rates of formaldehyde were calculated through the double exponential decay model. Results showed that the peak concentration was dependent of the paint film thickness. The thicker the film thickness was, the slower the emission rate was.

The Measurement of SVOC Emission Rates from Building Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Tae Woo Kim ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Kang Guk Lee ◽  
Kim Kang Min
Keyword(s):  
House Dust ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
High Level ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Recent studies have reported that indoor house dust contains a large volume of SVOC chemical substances such as phthalates. This study measured the SVOC emission rate from various types of building materials and conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses on the emitted substances. DBP and DEHP were detected in all building materials based on the result obtained from measuring the building materials produced in Japan, South Korea, and China. The DBP and DEHP emission rates (95 percentile) from the building materials used for the measurement in this study were 2.56 [μg/m2・h] and 11.63[μg/m2・h] respectively. Larger DBP and DEHP emission rate from building materials are believed to be the reason why a high level of DBP and DEHP is detected in house dust found in residential homes compared to other substances.

scholarly journals Aportaciones desde la minería de datos al proceso de captación de matrícula en Instituciones de Educación Superior particulares.

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Isaac Estrada-Danell ◽  
Roman Alberto Zamarripa-Franco ◽  
Pilar Giselle Zúñiga-Garay ◽  
Isaías Martínez-Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Model Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
Enrollment Process

 This article aims to analyze how data mining (DM) optimizes the enrollment process, with the intention of designing a predictive model to manage private enrollment for higher education institutions of Mexico. It analyzes the current status of the higher education institutions in relation to its enrollment process and the application of the DM. With a correlational method, a dataset (DS) was used to model an entropy decision tree with the help of Rapid Miner software. The results show that it is possible to build and test a predictive model management of private enrollment for higher education institutions of Mexico as the ZAM&EST model proposed by the authors.

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