A Novel Walking-Aid for Paralytic Patients Caused due to Stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 938-942
Author(s):  
V. Indra Tej ◽  
G. Sasank ◽  
M. Asish ◽  
M. Nitheesh ◽  
Anjan Kumar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
Robotic Wheelchairs ◽  
Hemiplegic Patient ◽  
Walking Aid

The aim of this project is to fabricate an economical walking aid for Paralytic patients caused due to a stroke. The Paralysis caused due to stroke is referred as Hemiplegia or Hemiparesis. In general these patients walk with the assistance of another person. The patient first moves his unaffected leg as the assistant holds him firmly to give him support. Then the assistant pushes the impaired leg of the patient with his own leg while supporting him with his hands. In this way walking is achieved for the hemiplegic patient. To eliminate human assistance, the patient can also use a wheel chair to move from one place to another, especially the Autonomous Robotic Wheelchairs (ARW) that are being used these days. However, in order to gain back his motor capabilities, he should promote the use of hemi paretic limb during functional tasks. Active participation is critical to the motor learning and recovery. So designing a mechanism which enables movements on paralyzed body is crucial for functioning of other parts of the body as this prevents blood stagnation due to continuous rest given to specific parts. A DC motor along with some pulleys are used for actuating the leg and a telescopic tripod wheeled balancing support is used for providing counter-torque that helps the person from falling down on paralyzed side.

scholarly journals Android Based Voice Activated Wheel Chair for Disabled

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3508-3509
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
The Voice

The aim of the project is to develop a wheel chair which can be controlled by voice of the person. It is based on the speech recognition model. The project is focused on controlling the wheel chair by human voice. The system is intended to control a wheel seat by utilizing the voice of individual. The structure of this framework will be particularly valuable to the crippled individual and furthermore to the older individuals. It is a booming technology which interfaces human with machine. Smart phone device is the interface. This will allow the challenging people to move freely without the assistant of others. They will get a moral support to live independently .The hardware used are Arduino kit, Microcontroller, Wheelchair and DC motors. DC motor helps for the movement of wheel chair. Ultra Sonic Sensor senses the obstacles between wheelchair and its way.

scholarly journals Možnosti využití teorie OPTIMAL ve školní tělesné výchově a výuce sportovních her

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Radka Peřinová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Teaching Games For Understanding ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Optimal Theory ◽  
Main Ideas

The objectives of the prepared article are to give the readers a brief account of the main ideas and foundations stones of a relatively new theory of motor learning, OPTIMAL, formulated by Gabriele Wulf and Rebecca Lewthwait, and also to point out the possibility of its application in school physical education lessons, particularly in teaching sports games. The authors critically assess “traditional” teaching of new locomotor skills stressing the frequent neglect of the internal motivation of pupils and support for their autonomy. According to them, in traditional teaching practice, internal focus of attention is imposed on the pupils, i.e. concentration on the movements of the body or its parts. They claim that the result of such an approach is learning that is not sufficiently effective. On the contrary, they recommend that the teachers should consciously raise the pupils’ expectations, support the need for autonomy by their more active involvement in the teaching process and focus their attention externally, towards the goals of the task. It seems that the practical application of the OPTIMAL theory in school physical education lessons is feasible. It is, above, all the support for autonomy that follows the current trends. However, we expect high demands set on the organization of the teaching process and on the teachers themselves. Future testing in the school practice is necessary. The TGFU (Teaching Games for Understanding) didactic paradigm has been successfully used in teaching sports games for a number of years. Due to the similarity of some principles of the OPTIMAL theory and this paradigm, it is apparent that the new theory of motor learning could be successful, too, particularly in teaching the fundamentals of game skills in sports games. This assumption, however, should also become a subject of testing in the future.

Effect of Active Rest by Oral Reading on a Mirror-Drawing Task

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-642
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Sada
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drawing Task ◽  
Perceptual Motor Learning

This study investigated the effect of active rest on perceptual-motor learning. Two groups received different techniques for promoting recovery during an 8-min. rest period between practice on a mirror-drawing task. The two techniques were active rest by reading orally a book unrelated to the experiment and passive rest during which the group sat without moving the body or thinking about the experiment. Significantly fewer number of errors in the mirror drawing occurred for those subjects who used oral reading during rest. The possibility of raising arousal was discussed.

scholarly journals The dynamics of motor learning through the formation of internal models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Pierella ◽  
Maura Casadio ◽  
Sara A. Solla ◽  
Ferinando A. Mussa-Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Internal Models ◽  
Inverse Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Dynamical Process ◽  
External Device ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Forward Models ◽  
Inverse Models

AbstractA medical student learning to perform a laparoscopic procedure as well as a recently paralyzed user of a powered wheelchair must learn to operate machinery via interfaces that translate their actions into commands for the external device. Mathematically, we describe this type of learning as a deterministic dynamical process, whose state is the evolving forward and inverse internal models of the interface. The forward model predicts the outcomes of actions while the inverse model generates actions designed to attain desired outcomes. Both the mathematical analysis of learning dynamics and the performance observed in a group of subjects demonstrate first-order exponential convergence of the learning process toward a particular state that depends only on the initial inverse and forward models and on the supplied sequence of targets. Noise is not only present but necessary for the convergence of learning through the minimization of the difference between actual and predicted outcomes.Author summarySeveral studies have suggested that as we learn a new skill our brain forms representations, or “internal models”, of the skill and of the environment in which we operate. Theories of motor learning postulate that the brain builds forward models that predict the sensory consequences of motor commands, and inverse models that generate successful commands from planned movements. We test this hypothesis taking advantage of a special interface that generates a novel relation between the subject’s actions and the position of a cursor on a computer monitor, thus allowing subjects to control an external device by movements of their body. We recorded the motions of the body and of the cursor, and obtained estimates of both forward and inverse models. We followed how these estimates evolved in time as subjects practiced and acquired a new skill. We found that the description of learning as a simple deterministic process driven by the sequence of targets is sufficient to capture the observed convergence to a single solution of the inverse model among an infinite variety of alternative possibilities. This work is relevant to the study of fundamental learning mechanisms as well as to the design of intelligent interfaces for people with paralysis.

scholarly journals Implementasi Sistem Kontrol Fuzzy pada Robot Lengan Exoskeleton

Jurnal METTEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Wayan Reza Yuda Ade Prasetya ◽  
I Wayan Widhiada
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Servo Motor ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Exoskeleton Robot

Manusia ingin dilahirkan dalam kehidupan yang sempurna, baik jasmani maupun rohani. Tetapi dalam kenyataannya, manusia jauh dari sempurna. Salah satu ketidaksempurnaan yaitu kelumpuhan pada lengan. Penelitian yang sekarang berkembang yaitu robot exoskeleton. Exoskeleton merupakan struktur pendukung dari bagian luar tubuh. Robot ini memiliki aplikasi prospektif untuk rehabilitasi atau alat bantu. Sistem kontrol exoskeleton yang sukses bergantung pada pemahaman yang lebih baik dalam biomekanik gerak tubuh manusia dan mekanisme sensorik yang juga merupakan masalah penting dalam interaksi fisik manusia-robot. Robot siku lengan yang dikembangkan oleh Thomas menggunakan servo motor sebagai aktuator. Semakin berat beban, semakin besar torsi servo tersebut. Di Indonesia tidak dijumpai servo dengan torsi tinggi. Hanya motor DC yang banyak di pasaran. Untuk menekan biaya pengembangan robot lengan exoskeleton, penelitian menggunakan motor DC. Sistem kontrol diperlukan untuk membuat sebuah motor DC bergerak seperti layaknya motor servo. Sistem kontrol logika Fuzzy paling tepat untuk mengontrol motor DC. Sebuah prototype robot lengan exoskeleton dibuat. Motor DC sebagai penggerak lengan robot. Sistem kontrol Fuzzy pada robot dibuat menggunakan software SIMULINK/MATLAB. Gerak robot dibatasi dari 0o sampai 90o. Sistem akan diuji menggunakan SIMULINK/MATLAB dan dilakukan dengan interface prototype exoskeleton. SIMULINK/Matlab memudahkan pembuatan Logika Fuzzy yang dapat mengontrol Motor DC bergerak layaknya motor servo. Data Parameter respon transient dari hasil pengujian prototype selama 20 detik, waktu tunda (td) = 1.16, waktu naik (tr) = 1.98, waktu puncak (tp) = 2.16 . Data parameter sistem kontrol Logika Fuzzy lebih baik daripada sistem kontrol sederhana yang dibuat. Humans want to be born in a perfect life, both physically and spiritually. But in reality, humans are far from perfect. One of the imperfections is arm paralysis. The current study is an exoskeleton robot. The exoskeleton is the supporting structure of the outer part of the body. This robot has a prospective application for rehabilitation or aids. Successful exoskeleton control systems rely on better understanding of the biomechanics of human body motion and the sensory mechanisms that are also important problems in human-robot physical interactions. The elbow arm robot developed by Thomas uses servo motors as actuators. The heavier the load, the greater the servo torque. In Indonesia there is no servo with high torque. Only DC motors are in the market. To reduce the development cost of robotic arm of exoskeleton, research using DC motor. A control system is needed to make a DC motor move like a servo motor. Fuzzy logic control system is most appropriate for control of DC motors. A prototype of an exoskeleton robot arm is made. DC motor as a actuator robot. Fuzzy control system on the robot is made using SIMULINK / MATLAB software. Robot motion is limited from 0o to 90o. The system will be tested using SIMULINK / MATLAB and done with prototype exoskeleton interface. SIMULINK / Matlab facilitate the manufacture of Fuzzy Logic that can control the motion of DC motors like servo motors. Data Parameter transient response from prototype test result for 20 seconds, Delay time (td) = 1.16, Rise time (tr) = 1.98, Peak time (tp) = 2.16. Data parameters Fuzzy Logic control system is better than the simple control system created.

scholarly journals Natural error patterns enable transfer of motor learning to novel contexts

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gelsy Torres-Oviedo ◽  
Amy J. Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Error Patterns ◽  
Walking Pattern ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
High Heels ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Successful Behavior ◽  
Specific Learning ◽  
Over Ground Walking

Successful behavior demands motor learning to be transferable in some cases (e.g., adjusting walking patterns as we develop and age) and context specific in others (e.g., learning to walk in high heels). Here we investigated differences in motor learning transfer in people learning a new walking pattern on a split-belt treadmill, where the legs move at different speeds. We hypothesized that transfer of the newly acquired walking pattern on the treadmill to natural over ground walking might depend on the pattern of errors experienced during learning. Error patterns within a person's natural range might be experienced as endogenous (i.e., produced by the body), encouraging general adjustments that transfer across contexts. On the other hand, larger errors might be experienced as exogenous (i.e., produced by the environment), indicating unusual conditions requiring context-specific learning. To test this, we manipulated the distribution of errors experienced during learning to lie either within or outside the normal distribution of walking errors. We found that restriction of errors to the natural range produced transfer of the new walking pattern from the treadmill to natural walking off the treadmill, while larger errors prevented transfer. This result helps explain how transfer of motor learning is controlled, and it offers an important strategy for clinical rehabilitation, where transfer of motor learning to other contexts is essential.

Visual Dominance in a Lateral Plane Motor Learning Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tloczynski
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Dominance ◽  
Alternating Group ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
Criterion Movement

Visual dominance was investigated in a motor learning task with the criterion movement being in the lateral plane of the body. The criterion movement was a 10-in. abduction of the arm. All subjects received four presentation trials for the criterion movement in each of the following conditions: dominant rotated arm, dominant unrotated arm, nondominant rotated arm, and nondominant unrotated arm. Three independent groups of 10 college-age subjects differed according to sensory stimuli given during presentation trials. The Kinesthetic group was blindfolded for presentation trials. The Visual and Kinesthetic group was unblindfolded for presentation trials. The Alternating group was blindfolded on half of the presentation trials and unblindfolded on the other half. All subjects carried out five blindfolded reproduction trials for each of the four conditions. Absolute error for the length of the reproduced movements was measured and no significant difference between groups was found. This suggests that visual dominance is reduced in movements outside the frontal plane when focal vision is not used. Planned comparison testing indicated the Alternating group was significantly more accurate than the Visual and Kinesthetic group.

scholarly journals Role of 5% Tankana bhasma in Gomutra Arka as a Chemical Debridement agent in the Management of Pressure Ulcer - A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 08 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bolu Kishan Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Hemiplegic Patient

Background and Objective: Pressure ulcers regarded as preventable but occur in approximately 5% of all hospitalized patients (range of 3% to 12 % in published literature). It is more common in paraplegic patients. Only after the complete debridement of slough in grade 3 and grade 4 pressure sores the healing progresses and the infection can be controlled. A chemical solution of 5%Tankana in Gomutra Arka was reviewed in the management of a case of pressure ulcer. Presentation of Case: A 26 year old male hemiplegic patient presented with a wound in the sacral region which was diagnosed as a Grade 4 pressure ulcer measuring 12x13 cm. Manual Debridement of ulcer was associated with bleeding. Methodology: There after the solution of 5% Tankana in Gomutra Arka was applied upon the wound by soaking a gauge with the above solution. A regular passive movement of the lower part of the body was done to prevent further development of new Ulcer. Result: After 3 days of dressing 90 % or slough was reduced, discharge from the ulcer reduced and progression of infection had stopped. Discussion: Pressure ulcers impose an economic burden on the patient and common problem amongst bed ridden patients. Grade 4 pressure ulcers have a poor prognosis. Manual slough removal is usually associated with bleeding. Chemical debridement not only helps us in avoiding instances of bleeding but also is more effective in its reach and action. Conclusion: In this case 5% Tankana bhasma in Gomutra Arka was found to be very effective in slough removal which in turn reduced the total duration of management. Use of Chemical debriding agents in a grade 4 ulcer had hastened the process of slough removal and improves the overall rate of recovery. Mixture of Tankana and Gomutra Arka seemed to complement each other’s action on Vrana Shodhana.

scholarly journals PENDETEKSI KADAR ALKOHOL DALAM TUBUH MANUSIA MELALUI HEMBUSAN NAFAS UNTUK PENGEMUDI MOBIL

KOMPUTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Langgeng Wijaya ◽  
Edy Kurniawan ◽  
Didik Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Dc Motor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voice Recording

Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol in it and people who are ordinary alcohol or drinks that can be intoxicating, the impact of consuming this alcohol a lot and one of them is a diversion campaign produced by the driver. From some of these questions, the idea emerged for the detection of "Detection of Alcohol Content in the Body Through Talking Breath for Car Drivers" the design of this tool is expected to be able to be earlier or be able to prevent accidents caused by motorists consuming alcohol while driving. This design is made by finding references derived from journals, books and articles, which then make a plan or drawing that is intended for design such as what will be made, design in the form of hardware that connects the input devices, processes and outputs, while the software consists of programs as system drivers. After the design is complete, the tool will be designed and analyzed. Based on the analysis carried out, the system can protect alcohol with the help of the tgs2620 sensor if the sensor detects more than 100ppm of gas it will be processed by the atmega32 microcontroller and the output released consists of an LCD which is useful as a power and ppm viewer produced by the sensor, leds and buzzer as indicator, dc motor is useful as a prototype of a car that can be run or not and isd 1820 (voice recording) consumes alcohol for the car driver.

scholarly journals Evaluation of spatio-temporal parameters of the non-paretic limb in the gait performance of post stroke patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Andreola Serraglio ◽  
Ana Carolina Pauleto ◽  
Guilherme Augusto de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Step Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Paretic Limb ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Support Phase

The objective of this study is to evaluate the compensation of the non-paretic side in the gait of post-stroke hemiparetic patients submitted to computerized gait analysis in the Centro Hospitalar de Reabilitação Ana Carolina Moura Xavier, Curitiba - PR, in a study carried out in 2015. Spatio-temporal data were evaluated: speed, stride and step length, swing time and support of both members. The sample consisted of twenty individuals with a mean time after stroke of 6.9 months. The results showed that the median speed was equivalent to 16.17% of the normal standard value, stride length to 31.22%, step length of the non-paretic limb to 31.69%. The swing time on the nonparetic side corresponded to 35% of the total cycle and the support time corresponded to 86%. There is a favoring of the paretic limb over the non-paretic one, as a compensation mechanism for weakness and impaired balance. Thus, the non-paretic limb spends more time in the support phase to allow a longer step length of the paretic limb while in swing. In contrast, the paretic limb is unable to support the body in the support phase for a long time, reducing the step length of the non-paretic limb. The significant reduction in gait speed indicates the high level of functional dependence in these patients. If there is an opportunity to act early in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, still in the acute phase, it is possible to quantify the improvement in the ability to walk.

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