Impact of Performance Based Contract Implementation on National Road Maintenance Project to Road Functional Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Betty Susanti ◽  
Reini D. Wirahadikusumah ◽  
Biemo W. Soemardi ◽  
Mei Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Road ◽  
The Impact

The national road network has a significant role in promoting the national economy in Indonesia. But the national road network conditions in general are still not satisfactory although the government continues to improve the technical standards of road maintenance which contributes to the high unit cost of road maintenance. To overcome this classical problem, now the road agencies began to implement alternative road maintenance contracts known as Performance Based Contract (PBC). Successful practice of PBC implementation in various countries indicates that the PBC is able to produce a good road service performance compared with the implementation of in-house system or contract-based input on road maintenance projects. This study aims to measure the impact of PBC implementation on the national road maintenance project in Indonesia with the type of flexible pavement. The impact of PBC is focused on the functional performance, which is measured using a model of IIRMS and expressed in the International Roughness Index (IRI) value. The case study conducted on one of the PBC pilot projects that are in the segment of northern coast of West Java. The results showed that the implementation of PBC for national road maintenance projects proven to ensure the quality and road service performance for the long term.

Genetic Algorithm Applied for Optimization of Pavement Maintenance under Overload Traffic: Case Study Indonesia National Highway

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Irfan Rifai ◽  
Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo ◽  
António Gomes Correia ◽  
Paulo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
National Road

National Road Network which consists of a traditional road structure and modern roads, require planned maintenance and should be in accordance with the needs. The limited choice of available national road network and the deviation of the overloading encourage the government to be more responsive to carry out maintenance management. The institution in charge of road maintenance is often constrained by the limited budget available. A two-objective optimization model considers maximum roughness and minimum maintenance cost for used road network with overload. The study was conducted on the entire national road network in West Java which are paved with flexible pavement. In the proposed approach, data mining model are used for predicting the roughness index over a given period of time. Routine and periodic maintenance are chosen in this study. Multi-objective optimization model was developed based on Genetic Algorithms. Budget constraints and overloading are the two constraints in the developed model. Based on the R-Tools result, the Pareto optimal solutions of the two objective functions are obtained. From the optimal solutions represented by roughness index and cost, an agency more easily obtain the information of the maintenance planning. Results of the developed model has been implemented through the selection of maintenance on the road network scenarios with different levels of overload.

The Impact of Government Subsidies and Retailer Contracts on Product Recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 2040023
Author(s):  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Chien-Chiang Lee ◽  
Yongqi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Conducting product recovery and remanufacturing not only help manufacturers decrease the unit cost of production, but also benefit the environment. However, most manufacturers are hampered by the huge initial investment of related operations. In order to alleviate the manufacturers’ financial pressure of product recovery and remanufacturing, some governments implement the production subsidy (subsidy [Formula: see text]) and recycling subsidy (subsidy [Formula: see text]). Meanwhile, retailers can provide the revenue-sharing contract (contract [Formula: see text]) and cost-sharing contract (contract [Formula: see text]). Hence, this paper mainly studies the incentive designs of the government and retailer, and the effects of these incentives on the closed-loop supply chain. We first establish a Stackelberg game model consisting of a government, a manufacturer and a retailer, then investigate and compare the optimal decisions and payoffs of each member under each incentive combination of the government and retailer. Our results first show that, on the other hand, the government’s subsidy type cannot affect the retailer’s design of contract [Formula: see text], but subsidy [Formula: see text] can induce the retailer to share a higher rate of sale revenue, comparing to subsidy [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, the retailer’s contract [Formula: see text] could induce the government to increase subsidy rate in most cases, comparing to contract [Formula: see text]. Second, the subsidy [Formula: see text] can always lead to a higher collection rate, lower wholesale and retail prices, and higher payoffs for the government, manufacturer and retailer, comparing to subsidy [Formula: see text]. Besides, under subsidy [Formula: see text], contract [Formula: see text] always leads to a higher collection rate, lower wholesale and retail prices, and higher payoffs for the government, manufacturer and retailer, comparing to contract [Formula: see text]. However, under subsidy [Formula: see text], contract [Formula: see text] can lead to a higher collection rate, a lower wholesale price, and higher payoffs for the manufacturer and retailer, comparing to contract [Formula: see text] only when the manufacturer’s recovery efficiency is high. Moreover, the retail price is always higher and the government payoffs is always lower under contract [Formula: see text]. Third, the government prefers to implement the subsidy [Formula: see text] and then which contract is chosen by the retailer depends on the collection efficiency of the manufacturer. Therefore, subsidy [Formula: see text] combining with contract [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] is the equilibrium incentive combination.

scholarly journals FOREST HARVEST SCHEDULING PLAN INTEGRATED TO THE ROAD NETWORK

CERNE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Belavenutti Martins da Silva ◽  
Julio Eduardo Arce ◽  
Gustavo Valentim Loch ◽  
Hassan Camil David ◽  
Luan Demarco Fiorentin
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Harvest Scheduling ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Pinus Spp

ABSTRACT In industrial forest plantations, the spatial distribution of management units for harvest scheduling influences the timber production cost and the non-renewable resources consumption, due to issues related to transport logistic. In this context, this research aimed to formulate Integer Linear Programming (ILP) by means of the application of Floyd-Warshall network optimization algorithm to generate timber production routes, minimizing the production costs resulting from harvest activities and forest road maintenance. Then, scenarios were simulated considering different minimal harvest ages for Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. stands. The planning horizon was five years with annual periodicity. The study area was 23,330 hectares of forests, located in Paraná state (southern Brazil). We compared the simulated scenarios according to the following parameter indicators: harvest income, building road network and the production unit cost. The decreasing of the minimal harvest age reduces the mean production of management units scheduled to be harvested, in other hand, it requires fewer roads to be built, and consequently increases the production unit cost. The solutions obtained by using ILP models presented an optimality gap lower than 0.1%.

scholarly journals Data mining applied for national road maintenance decision support system

2018 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Andri Irfan Rifai ◽  
Susanty Handayani ◽  
Ronal Al Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
National Road

National roads are one of the main networks of a country’s transportation system. To maintain the performance level of national roads requires a well-structured pavement management system (PMS). The decision support system (DSS) is inseparable in the modern PMS, which required the development of a new approach for the DSS in support of national road network maintenance. The proposed model integrates data mining (DM) and geographical information system (GIS) to construct a simple DSS. DM is used to developed road maintenance optimization models, and then integrated with DSS with the help of GIS as an interface application. Historical data on the national road network in West Java, Indonesia is used as a case study. Examples show that the proposed model can determine a decision support solution efficiently. In addition, a userfriendly computer interface is developed so that PMS stakeholders can plan pavement maintenance simply and effectively.

scholarly journals Comparison Analysis Between Traditional and Long Segment Contracts on National Road Preservation Activities in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4230-4234
Author(s):  
R. P. Winanri ◽  
B. Susanti ◽  
I. Juliantina
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
International Roughness Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
National Road ◽  
Traditional Approaches

National road preservation activities in Indonesia are usually carried out using a traditional approach system, namely in-house system and contract system with a design-bid-build (DBB) approach. An alternative contract method to improve the quality of roads is the long segment contract. Its definition is carrying out road preservation activities in one continuous segment with the aim to obtain good road conditions for all segments. This study aims to compare the performance under traditional approaches and long segment contracts. Road performance is expressed in functional performance terminology and uses the International roughness index (IRI) indicator. The research was conducted on the outer urban road of Palembang - Indralaya intersection - Meranjat which is part of the national road section in the Province of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Results showed that the road performance contracted with traditional approaches was better than that of long segment ones. This was not expected and was probably due to the lack of understanding of the parties involved in the long segment contract to the principles of fulfilling road service performance. The contractors are not interested in carrying out routine road maintenance projects because the value of the work is small and there is a lack of experience regarding routine maintenance.

scholarly journals Education and Poverty in Morocco: A Computable General Equilibrium Micro-simulation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. p116
Author(s):  
Mohamed KARIM ◽  
Mohamed EL MOUSSAOUI
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Micro Simulation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The paper uses a micro-simulation computable general equilibrium model (CGE) to analyze the impact on poverty of public spending in higher education in Morocco. The model incorporates 7062 households derived from the 2007 National Survey on Household Living Standards (ENNVM). Two scenarios are simulated: a 100% reduction in the unit cost of higher education supported by households and a 50% reduction in public spending on higher education. In this study, it is assumed that the investment behavior of households is linked to the share of the unit cost financed by the government in higher education. The results show that the policy of exempting households from bearing any unit cost of higher education encourages them to invest massively in education, which leads to increasing their income and consequently improving welfare and reducing poverty and inequalities. On the other hand, the reduction in public investment in higher education affects negatively the behavior of households to invest in education which leads to a decrease in welfare, an increase in poverty and a rise of inequalities.

Climate Change, Soil Salinity and Road Maintenance Costs in Coastal Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Dasgupta ◽  
Md. Moqbul Hossain ◽  
Mainul Huq ◽  
David Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Expenditure Share ◽  
The Impact

The potentially-adverse impact of salinity on paved roads is well-established in the engineering literature. The problem seems destined to grow, as climate-related changes in sea level and riverine flows drive future increases in soil salinity. However, data scarcity has prevented systematic analysis for poor countries. This paper assesses the impact of soil salinity on road maintenance expenditures in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The assessment draws on new panel measures of salinity from 41 stations in coastal Bangladesh, and road maintenance expenditures, income, road network length and road surfaces from 20 coastal municipalities. In a model relating to maintenance expenditure for paved roads to soil salinity, municipal income and road network length, large and significant effects are found for salinity. The regression model is used to predict the effect of within-sample salinity variation on road maintenance expenditure share, holding municipal income and road length constant at sample mean values. Increasing salinity from its sample minimum to its sample maximum increases the predicted road maintenance expenditure share by 252%. The implied welfare impact may also be substantial, particularly for poor households, if diversion of expenditures to road maintenance reduces support for community sanitation, health and other infrastructure-related programs.

METHODS OF REDUCING NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY MEANS OF THE INTEGRATED SAFETY APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
А. Н. Канищев ◽  
А. Е. Борисов ◽  
Т. В. Каратаева
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Engineering Equipment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Impact

Постановка задачи. Необходимо рассмотреть развитие сети автомобильных дорог, формирование транспортных потоков, организацию дорожного движения с использованием инженерного оборудования и обустройства дорог, а также проанализировать влияние рассмотренных явлений на аварийность скорости движения. Результаты. Рассмотрены вопросы влияния ограничения скорости правилами дорожного движения на безопасность с учетом развития автомобильного транспорта и сети автомобильных дорог. Предложены способы снижения интенсивности движения на автомобильных дорогах с опорой на опыт развития дорожной сети иностранных государств. Рассмотрены возможные варианты применения инженерного оборудования для снижения количества ДТП. Выводы. Снижение аварийности может быть достигнуто только с применением комплексного подхода к обеспечению безопасности, который включает повышение уровня содержания автодорог, расширение дорожной сети, увеличение скорости движения и рациональное использование инженерного оборудования. Statement of the problem. It is necessary to consider the development of the road network, the formation of traffic flows, the organization of traffic using engineering equipment and road construction as well as to analyze the influence of the considered phenomena on the accident rate of movement speed. Results. The issues of the impact of speed limitation by traffic rules on safety, taking into account the development of road transport and road network, are explored. Methods of reducing traffic intensity on roads based on the experience of development of road network of foreign countries are set forth. Possible applications of engineering equipment to reduce the number of accidents are examined. Conclusions. Accident reduction can only be achieved using a comprehensive approach while increasing the level of road maintenance, expanding the road network, increasing the speed of traffic and rational use of engineering equipment.

scholarly journals Optimizing The Functional Performance of Road Network using Vulnerability Assessment to Cope with Unforeseen Road Incidents

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Mukhammad Rizka Fahmi Amrozi ◽  
Raihan Pasha Isheka
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Performance ◽  
Criticality Index ◽  
The Impact

An Urban Road network is often used for multipurpose trips, due to their transportation functions, such as attractiveness and orientation, as well as social, ecological, and economic features. In Indonesia, road incidents have reportedly increased during the last decade because of a higher frequency of natural hazards, accidents, and on-street mass demonstrations. These incidents are found to degrade or terminate road access, forcing users to utilize alternative routes and decreasing the service performance in adjacent directions. Due to the unexpected occurrences at any location and time, there is a need to investigate the impact of random incidents on road performances. Several accessibility indexes have also been used to evaluate the vulnerability of road networks. However, this is less practical in Indonesia, with the road authority using functional performances as the indicator. This indicates the need for an index to be developed based on road performance parameters. Therefore, this study aims to develop a road performance-based vulnerability index known as the RCI (Road Criticality Index). Combined with a traffic simulation tool, this system is used as an alternative index to assess vulnerabilities, by identifying the road(s) providing worse consequences due to unforeseen incidents. This simulation was conducted by using the PTV Visum, assuming a road section is closed due to the worst incident scenarios. The result showed that the RCI offered a more comprehensive assessment than the existing indicator (volume capacity ratio). The RCI included travel speed and mobility components for evaluating both local and global road performances. With the knowledge of the most vulnerable locations and their consequences, road authorities can prioritize maintenance and development strategies based on the criticality index. Also, preventive measures should be conducted to mitigate risk under a constrained budget. This methodology can be applied to sustainably enhance the resilience of urban road networks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cost Effectiveness of Performance Based Contract for National Road Improvement and Maintenance Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Andhika Ajengtyas Setorini ◽  
Jati Utomo Dwi Hatmoko ◽  
Bagus Hario Setiadji
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
National Road

As an effort to maintain and improve its national road condition with a strict budget, the Government of Indonesia has implemented various types of contract in road maintenance. One of the road maintenance contract, i.e. performanced based contract (PBC), allows the contractor to design, build, and maintain the road and use performance measures as payment requirement. While many researches state that the PBC implementation on road maintenance may lead to cost efficiency, in Indonesia the cost efficiency is still questionable. This research is trying to answer the question by comparing actual road maintenance cost of two roads with same characteristics, while one is PBC and the other is traditional contract. The result shows that in one case PBC is cheaper than traditional contract, while the other case shows the opposite.

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