Gradient Structures and Internal Stress Fields in Surface Layers of Products Made of Steel 0.35C-1Cr-1Mn-1Si after Turning

The effect of different cutting (mechanical heat treatment) on the structural-phase condition and the internal stress field in the surface layers of the product is considered in the article. The regularities of acoustic characteristics depending on the parameters of the structure and stress for the development of nondestructive method for assessing the quality of the surface layer are identified

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Paper 43: Connection between Surface Quality and Processing

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Conference Proceedings ◽

10.1243/pime_conf_1967_182_302_02 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 182 (11) ◽

pp. 46-55

Author(s):

L. Gribovszki

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Surface Quality ◽

General View ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Complex Investigation ◽

Gear Teeth

This paper gives the modern general view of surface quality, and briefly reviews the most important methods of testing the characteristics of the surface layers produced by machining or processing. Methods of determining the remanent stresses are described in detail. After having demonstrated a newly developed method of test, the author discusses the magnitude and distribution of the remanent stresses brought about by the more important variants of heat treatment, surface compaction, machining, and grinding. In conclusion, an effective method is described for the complex investigation of the surface quality of gear teeth.

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A Study of Saint-Venant’s Principle for Composite Materials by Means of Internal Stress Fields

Journal of Applied Mechanics ◽

10.1115/1.2895883 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 53-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yutaka Arimitsu ◽

Kazumi Nishioka ◽

Toyomitsu Senda

Keyword(s):

Composite Material ◽

Stress Field ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Isotropic Material ◽

The Other ◽

Stress Fields ◽

Long Distance ◽

End Effects ◽

Internal Stress Field ◽

The Difference

It is well known that end effects in a composite material do not always decay as they do in a homogeneous and isotropic material, but there is no unified explanation for this difference. We note that the stress field in a composite material can be resolved into two kinds: one is the stress distribution in an isotropic and homogeneous reference system where Saint-Venant’s principle is satisfied and the other is the internal stress field induced by the incompatibility. Considering that the incompatibility is proportional to the difference between the elastic compliances of the components or to the deviation from isotropy, we propose, based on an argument concerning the dislocations associated with the incompatibility, a reason why end effects may survive to a long distance in a composite material.

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Structural-phase condition, unelastic and plastic behavior and nanohardness of the TiNi surface layers modified by an ion- and electron irradiation

Materials Science and Engineering A ◽

10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.104 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 438-440 ◽

pp. 558-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L.L. Meisner ◽

A.I. Lotkov ◽

V.P. Sivokha ◽

V.P. Rotshtein ◽

E.G. Barmina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Irradiation ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Plastic Behavior ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Phase Condition ◽

Tini Surface

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Changes of Mechanical Properties of Steel 12Cr18Ni10Тi after Electrolytic-Plasma Cementation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.59 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 601 ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sherzod Kurbanbekov ◽

Маzhyn Skakov ◽

Michail Scheffler ◽

Azret Naltaev

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Plasma Processing ◽

Hardened Layer ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Phase Condition

In the present work the results of electrolytic-plasma treatment influence on the mechanical properties and structural-phase condition of steel’s 12Cr18Ni10Ti surface layers. In the work, the mechanical characteristics of steel’s surface layers are investigated, cemented in electrolytic plasma with the composition of 10 % Nа2CO3 and 10 % С3Н8О3. The operational parameters for the processing are determined. The optimal content of components in saturating mixtures of plasma by cementation is defined. According to the study it is found that, after electrolyte plasma processing, high wear resistance and hardness increased in 2-2.5 times more than in the original condition. The hardened layer with thickness 30-65 µm is formed. It is shown that after the electrolyte-plasma processing of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti, microstructure contains particles of carbides and has a fine-grained martensitic structure.

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Improving the Accuracy and Quality of the Surface Layer of Products by Local Magnetic Pulse Processing

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134601029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 346 ◽

pp. 01029

Author(s):

Vasily Gritsyuk ◽

Evgeny Smolentsev ◽

Dmitriy Krokhin ◽

Aleksandr Pechagin

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Surface Layer ◽

Mechanical Engineering ◽

Magnetic Pulse ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Processing Methods ◽

Pulse Processing ◽

Accuracy And Stability

This article discusses development of technological modes and the process of stabilizing the properties of surface layers of large-sized parts, ensuring accuracy and stability of the products’ shape during their manufacture and operation, while using combined processing methods that replace costly heat treatment at mechanical engineering enterprises.

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Hardening mechanisms of steels with bainite and martensite structures

Izvestiya Ferrous Metallurgy ◽

10.17073/0368-0797-2018-10-787-793 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (10) ◽

pp. 787-793

Author(s):

K. V. Aksenova ◽

E. N. Nikitina ◽

Yu. F. Ivanov ◽

D. A. Kosinov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Solid Solution ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Long Range ◽

Dislocation Substructure ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Cold Hardening ◽

Stress Fields ◽

Small Contribution ◽

Hardening Mechanisms

Martensite and bainite are the most complex structures being formed in steel in heat treatment including the quantitative interpretation. On frequent occasions, the application field of these steels includes the operation at high static and dynamic compression stresses. The thorough and comprehensive analysis of the materials’ structure after different types of treatment enables to use them competently for the manufacturing of the parts and structures providing them with the necessary complex of physical and mechanical properties. The factor determining the mechanical properties of the materials are the structure of solid solution, presence of nano-dimentional particles of the second phases, dislocation substructure, types and location of various boundaries and internal stress fields. For successful control of the formation of structural phase states and mechanical properties of the material it is necessary to know the quantitative laws and the cold hardening mechanisms of steels of different structural classes at active plastic deformation. By methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy the analysis of cold hardening of 38CrNi3MoV steel with martensite and 30Cr2Ni-2MoV steel with bainite structures at active plastic compression deformation to 26 % and 36 %, respectively, was done in the research. The contributions caused by intraphase boundaries, dislocation substructure, carbide phases, atoms of alloying elements and long-range stress fields are considered. It is established that the substructural hardening (caused by the internal long-range stress fields) and solid solution strengthening (caused by carbon atoms) give largest contribution to cold hardening of 38CrNi3MoV hardened steel. For normalization of 30Cr2Ni2MoV steel hardening also takes place at the expense of the internal stress field’s action, at the penetration of carbon atoms to the ferrite crystal lattice as well as at the structural fragmentation with the deformation degree higher than 26 %. The dislocation substructure and the particles of carbide phase make comparatively small contribution to the hardening of these steels. It is shown that the cause of bainite steel softening at large (more than 15 %) degrees of deformation is connected with the activation of deformation microtwinning process.

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Evolution of Structural-Phase States in TiNi Surface Layers Synthesized by Electron Beam Treatment

Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.1155/2010/605362 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

L. L. Meisner ◽

A. I. Lotkov ◽

Yu. P. Mironov ◽

A. A. Neyman

Keyword(s):

Internal Stress ◽

Intermediate Layer ◽

Martensite Transformation ◽

Stress Concentrator ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Martensite Phase ◽

Relaxation Processes ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Tini Surface ◽

B2 Phase

The paper presents the results of X-ray diffraction analysis of nonequilibrium structural and elastic stress states in TiNi surface layers irradiated by low-energy electron beams. It is found that a surface layer with a mixed (2D columnar and 3D equiaxial) submicrocrystalline structure is formed on the irradiated side of the TiNi specimens, and the volume fractions of the two structure types depend on the beam energy parameters and number of pulses. The B2 phase synthesized in the layer is characterized by lattice microstrain due to stresses of the first and second kinds (εI≈±1%,εII=0.25%), and the layer as such is an internal stress concentrator for underlying layers of the material. In the intermediate layer beneath the stress concentrator, relaxation of irradiation-induced internal stress takes place. It is shown that the main mechanism of the relaxation is partialB2→B19′martensite transformation. TheB19′martensite phase in the intermediate layer decreases the microstrain in the conjugate B2 phase. The thickness of the layer in which the relaxation processes develop through theB2→B19′martensite transformation is 10–15μm.

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EFFECT OF MACHINING AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE STRUCTURE, INTERNAL STRESS FIELDS AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF 35ХГС STEEL

Izvestiya Ferrous Metallurgy ◽

10.17073/0368-0797-2012-2-41-44 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

A. C. Glincka ◽

A. N. Smirnov ◽

Ed. V. Kozlov ◽

N. A. Koneva ◽

C. A. Ryabov

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Stress Fields

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Influence of Regimes Electrolytic Plasma Cementation on the Mechanical Properties of Steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.173 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 531-532 ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mazhyn Skakov ◽

Sherzod Kurbanbekov ◽

Michail Scheffler

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Structural Phase ◽

Plasma Processing ◽

Implementation Process ◽

High Hardness ◽

Hardened Layer ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Phase Condition

In the present work the results of electrolytic-plasma treatment influence on the mechanical properties and structural-phase condition of steel’s 12Cr18Ni10Ti surface layers. In the work, the mechanical characteristics of steel’s surface layers are investigated, cemented in electrolytic plasma with the composition 10 % Nа2CO3 and 10 % С3Н8О3. The operational parameters for the processing are determined. The optimal content of components in saturating mixtures plasma by cementation defined. According to the study it is found that, after electrolyte plasma processing, high hardness increased in 2-2.5 times more than in the original condition. The hardened layer with thickness 30-65 µm is formed. It is shown that after the electrolyte-plasma processing of steel 12Cr18Ni10Ti, microstructure contains particles carbides and has fine-grained martensitic structure. The advantages this method are: small energy consumption high speeds annealing opportunity of local surface processing details complex configuration, operating in the conditions intensive loads, easy implementation process.

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