Fire and it is Grown in a Fire Zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 1057 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Michaela Jurickova ◽  
Imrich Mikolai

The radiation is a secondary product of fire and radiation could burn other combustible materials. This new describe radiation and course of fire. In the new is describe a room in the night club with different fire protection. This room is simulated in the fire dynamic simulation program and the results are compare with really fire test. The results from this experiment and simulation can be used for practice.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Jolanta Maria Radziszewska-Wolinska ◽  
Adrian Kaźmierczak

The article discusses fire test results according to EN 45545-2 [1] requirements, for various material groups which were tested at Instytut Kolejnictwa (Railway Research Institute) for Polish producers. Approach to evaluation of CCS equipment and electrical equipment to meet the requirements of fire protection are characterized. Areas of requirements of the EN 45545-2 [1] standard are also presented, which are a challenge for the Polish railways, i.e. producers and research laboratories.


2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Masayuki Mizuno ◽  
Shin-ichi Tsuburaya ◽  
Shigeru Yamada ◽  
Takeyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Masahiro Morita ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
B.B. Akhrarov ◽  
M.U. Allamuratov ◽  
B.A. Mukhamedgaliev

Certain questions of the fire protection of wooden structural materials, chipboard, and binding agents are examined. The mechanisms of chemical fire protection and the kinetic laws governing the process of thermal breakdown of modified specimens are clarified. On the basis of using the latest fire test methods, the combustion and thermal degradation regimes of wooden materials have been established. The advantages of polymeric fireproofing agents over low-molecular weight analogues are shown.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Edīte Biseniece

Legal requirements as well as life quality requirements demand to increase energy efficiency of existing buildings, that has been seen to represent a huge potential in energy savings, based on the size of the segment and the individual potential. The biggest challenges during the renovation of buildings occur when it comes to historic buildings where the facade cannot be modified to maintain its unique architectural appearance and integrity. Policy makers and building owners are facing “building energy efficiency versus heritage value” dilemma when on the one hand it is important to preserve a building’s architectural value and on the other hand, energy consumption should be reduced significantly. Internal insulation is one of the energy efficiency measures that can be applied. However, this is one of the most challenging and complex energy efficiency measures due to changes in boundary conditions and hygrothermal behaviour of walls, especially for buildings in cold climate Applying of interior insulation significantly modifies the hygrothermal performance of walls and, as a consequence, may induce a risk on interstitial condensation, frost damage, mould growth and other damage patterns. The behaviour of internally insulated wall strongly depends on the properties of the used materials. There is a need to develop new methods and guidelines for decision makers on how to implement energy efficiency measures in historic buildings. The aim of this Thesis is to offer safe and effective solutions for internal insulation systems of historic masonry buildings. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: to perform historic construction material testing and analyse the test wall in a laboratory environment to determine the factors influencing the accumulation of moisture and the risks associated with it; to predict hygrothermal conditions of internally insulated masonry building using dynamic simulation program and to validate said models based on long term in-situ measurements in internally insulated case buildings; to estimate potential energy savings using dynamic simulation program. Several methods are combined within the research, including regression analysis, sensitivity analysis and heat and moisture transfer simulation validated by long-term in situ measurements.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertas Nyderis

The Directive of new approach 89/106/EEC, which was prepared by Directorate General of the European Commission (DG III), defines the guidelines for development of fire protection in building construction. Six main directions for development of fire protection are defined in this Directive as well. Solid materials are most numerous among building products. Therefore a brief analysis of combustion process of these materials is presented in this article. F.Williams developed the theoretical principles of combustion. Phase transitions in the zone of combustion are analyzed in the theory. Formulas 1–4 describe this process. The process of combustion of solid materials is heterogeneous; therefore the model of pyrolysis is presented by 5 formulas. An intricate energy exchange takes place in real fires. The heat is being transferred in different ways. The most acceptable description of heat transfer is by means of radiation. Description of this process is presented in formulas 6–7. The heat transfer by means of radiation can be modelled and used for environment testing. The combustibility of building products can be examined by means of reaction of fire tests. In recent years tests for different building products were carried out according to ISO 5657 test methodology in the Fire Research Centre. Test results indicate that the time to sustained surface ignition for building products is inversely proportional to heat flux. This logarithmic dependence is presented in 8 formulas. Establishment of parameters of this logarithmic flow for different building products can prove this. This work was carried out during the process of verification of this hypothesis. Analysis of fire testing practice of vertically oriented building products in different countries shows that harmonized fire test methods for these products do not exist. Most of these test methods are based on presumption that the flame spread is possible only inside the building not considering the behaviour of facade in fire. The main idea of fire test method for element of vertically oriented building construction together with the principal scheme of test equipment are presented in the article as well. Further development of this idea leads to five questions, which should be answered to solve the problem. After the completion of this task and analysis of test results, all the information is to be submitted for further consideration.


2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
Shigeru Yamada ◽  
Takeyoshi Tanaka ◽  
Masayuki Mizuno ◽  
Shin-ichi Tsuburaya ◽  
Takao Wakamatsu

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
V. V. Bulgakov

Purpose of research. The purpose of this work is to study the effectiveness of the use of electronic educational resources and their demand for students. The availability of digital technologies and readiness of students and lecturers to study in the electronic educational environment ensure the active development of this form of educational process organization. To assess the effectiveness and demand for electronic educational resources, data on the parameters of operation and user interaction with educational material are required.Materials and methods. To obtain data on the operating parameters and users’ work in the electronic educational environment, it is proposed to use a multi-level automated system for training, monitoring and analysis of theoretical knowledge – the Fire Test program, which is designed to organize and implement training in higher education programs of the specialty 20.05.01 – Fire Protection, 40.05.03 – Forensic Examination, the direction of training 20.03.01 – Technosphere Safety and the educational program of secondary vocational education 20.02.04 – Fire Protection. The Fire Test program is available on the Internet and allows you to conduct independent testing on specialties, disciplines, subjects of disciplines, as well as to carry out self-monitoring and knowledge control by lecturers online. As a tool for evaluating the effectiveness and relevance of the Fire Test program, it is proposed to use the web analytics service – Yandex.Metrica. To monitor the Fire Test program, we have selected key parameters that characterize the number of users and their activity in the electronic educational environment, which include demographic parameters, parameters of activity and loyalty of trainees, and technology parameters.Results. Based on the results of monitoring demographic parameters, which included the age of the audience during the study period of 1 month, the Fire Test program received an average of 27 visits from lecturers and 15 visits from trainees. Visitors from the number of students were 87%, from the number of Faculty Members – 13%. Monitoring user activity by time spent in the Fire Test program showed that students spent an average of 8 minutes 57 seconds on the site, and lecturers – 10 minutes 32 seconds. The largest number of visits of trainees was made during classes from 8-00 to 14-00 (55%), during the period outside of training sessions and self-training from 17-00 to 22-00 (23%), there was a uniform appeal of trainees to the Fire Test program. According to the monitoring of the loyalty parameter, during the study period, 12% of users accessed the site only 1 time, the largest number of users (48%) worked in the Fire Test program from 16 to 127 times, and more than 128 times 13% of users accessed the site. Monitoring of the technology parameter showed that smartphones are used as the main device for working in the Fire Test program, the share of which is 88.2%. The main operating systems used on smartphones are iOS (51%) and Google Android (37%), while the most popular browsers are Mobile Safari (44%).Conclusion. The results of the study allow us to conclude about the effectiveness and relevance of the electronic educational environment implemented by the Fire Test program among the trainees of Ivanovo Fire and Rescue Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as evidenced by their loyalty and activity in remote operation with the educational material.


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