Investigation of Sulfur Crosslinking Interfacial of Natural Rubber (NR) Blending with Carboxyalted Styrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy

The sulfur crosslinking films from Natural Rubber (NR), Carboxylated Stryrene Butadiene Rubber (XSBR) latices, and their blends have been investigated using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The film was prepared by casting the latex compound on glass surface and heating at 120oC in a hot air oven for 10 minutes. The sulfur crosslinking density were studied by the XANES. This was done to provide the local geometry and electronic environment of sulfur bonding in the rubber networks. We found that the reversion takes place before the onset of oxidative processes at the sulfur bridges. Parallel to the oxidative processes, the production of cyclic sulfanes takes places. This relationship depends on the rubber compositions.

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The Influence of Chemical Compounds on the Sulfur K-Edge X-Ray Absorption near Edge Spectrum of the Vulcanized Rubber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.905.128 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 905 ◽

pp. 128-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kanoktip Boonkerd ◽

Wanwisa Limphirat

Keyword(s):

Xanes Spectrum ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Sample Treatment ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

X Ray ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Treated Sample ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

X Ray Absorption

The vulcanized styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was studied using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). The effect of the sulfur containing molecules left over in the sample on the precision of the sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum was focused. The six rubber compounds used here were vulcanized with different curing systems including convention, semi-efficiency and efficiency. For each compound, the measurements were preformed on two different samples which were the untreated and treated chloroform samples. The results showed when compounds were cured with conventional or semi-efficient vulcanization system, the XANES spectra between the untreated and treated sample was changed with very high sulfur to accelerator ratio. On the other hand, the tremendous dissimilarity was observed when compounds were cured with the efficient vulcanization system. Thus the sample treatment was necessary when using XANES to identify sulfur crosslink.

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Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Epoxidized Natural Rubber (SBR/ENR50) Nanocomposites Containing Nanoclay and Carbon Black as Fillers for Application in Tire-Tread Compounds

Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B ◽

10.1080/00222348.2016.1230464 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 969-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sima Ahmadi Shooli ◽

Mitra Tavakoli

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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Tensile Behavior after Oxidative Aging of Gum and Black-Filled Vulcanizates of SBR and NR

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3538829 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 721-730 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

G. R. Hamed ◽

J. Zhao

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Tensile Behavior ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Oxidative Aging ◽

Prolonged Aging ◽

Aging Period ◽

Early Aging ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Typical sulfur-cured vulcanizates of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) were prepared, and subjected to air-oven aging at 100 °C. Gum specimens exhibited an initial aging period in which stiffness was unchanged, while tensile strength and strain-to-break were significantly reduced. In contrast, black-filled vulcanizates stiffened during early aging. After intermediate aging times, NR specimens softened, while SBR stiffened. With prolonged aging, all compositions became hard and inextensible.

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X-ray absorption near edge structures in cobalt oxides

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1996.0285 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2242-2256 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

T. Jiang ◽

D. E. Ellis

Keyword(s):

Wave Functions ◽

Site Symmetry ◽

Local Geometry ◽

Final State ◽

Cluster Technique ◽

Edge Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Local Electronic Structure ◽

Edge Features ◽

X Ray Absorption

Theoretical studies have been made of K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) of Co in CoO, Co(OH)2, CoTiO3, Co3O4, and CoAl2O4. Correlations of experimental near edge features with site symmetry, local geometry, local electronic structure, i.e., atomic configuration, charge transfer, and backscattering from neighboring atomic potentials are interpreted. The self-consistent Discrete Variational Xa Method (DV-Xα) within an embedded cluster technique has been used to generate the crystal potential. A multiple scattering (MS) approach is then used to solve for the final state wave function. The ground state DV wave functions are analyzed in terms of the projected density of states, whereas the final state MS continuum wave functions are analyzed through the concept of photoelectron trapping time.

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