Assessment of Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Thermally Aged Electron Beam Welded AISI 321 Stainless Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1160 ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Singh Sandhu ◽  
Vineet Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Metallurgical Properties ◽  
Narrow Region ◽  
Zone Fusion ◽  
Aisi 321

Electron beam welding produces very narrow and deep penetration therefore it finds application where welding of thick materials is required. AISI 321 is susceptible to intergranular corrosion when it is used in high temperature and harsh conditions, owing to the Titanium depletion in the weld zone. However, the heat affected zone formed in electron beam welding extends to a narrow region across the weld pool. In the present study electron beam welding of austenitic 321 stainless steel is done to examine the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the joints. Microhardness tests along and across the weld bead were carried out. Tensile and impact tests were performed to analyze mechanical properties. The microstructures of the weld zone, fusion zone and base metals were also captured. Skeletal ferrites were seen in the weld metal. The aging treatment of 700°C for 24 hours which resulted in a change in morphology of the grains from skeletal to vermicular and promoted the formation of Ti-rich carbides on the grain boundaries. The maximum impact toughness at sub-zero temperature i.e. -40°C was recorded as 129.3 J in as-welded samples and it got reduced to 119.5 J after aging treatment. The average ultimate tensile strength was 582 N/mm2 and it got decreased to 481 N/mm2 after aging treatment.

scholarly journals Microstructural characterization and mechanical performance along the thickness of electron beam welded stabilized AISI 321 stainless steel

10.30544/592 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Vineet Prabhakar ◽  
Sandeep Singh Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Aisi 321

The Electron Beam welding (EBW) process was employed to fabricate 18 mm thick fully penetrated butt welds of AISI 321 stainless steel. Nail shaped weld wide at the top and narrow at the bottom was obtained. Characterization of the weld joint was carried out using optical microscopy, scan electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, impact toughness test and tensile strength test. The microstructure of the weld metal was found to be free from defects like cracks porosity etc. The weld metal consisted of the primarily austenitic matrix with skeletal and vermicular morphology of δ-ferrite by the side of the grain boundaries. Carbides of Cr and Ti were found in the weld metal after the thermal aging treatment of 750°C for 24 hours as reveled by the XRD analysis. The tensile strength study revealed a maximum strength of 575 MPa at the root of the weld joint in the as-welded state. The maximum impact toughness of 129.3 J was obtained in the top section of the weld in the as-welded condition. The results in terms of structure-property correlaterelationship. This study recommends the effectiveness of EBW for joining 18 mm thick AISI 321.

scholarly journals Effect of post weld heat treatment on metallurgical and mechanical properties of electron beam welded AISI 409 ferritic steel

10.30544/545 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Akash Doomra ◽  
Sandeep Singh Sandhu ◽  
Beant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Weld Heat

The applicability of ferritic stainless steel is restricted due to its low weldability, and this can be attributed to the severe grain growth in the weld zone during the solidification of the weld pool and formation of fully ferritic structure. This study aims to investigate the weldability of 18 mm thick AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel plates using an electron beam welding process without the use of filler metal. The joints were investigated for metallography characterization (microstructure, macrostructure, and microhardness) and mechanical behavior (tensile strength and impact toughness) in as-welded condition and after post-weld heat treatment at 550 ºC for 75 minutes. The weld zone exhibited large columnar grains in the direction perpendicular to the weld centerline and got refined after post-weld heat treatment. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and microhardness of the weld zone were found higher than the base metal. The impact toughness of weld zone was found to be reduced by 45%, but the post-weld heat treatment improved the toughness by 40%. Results revealed that the electron beam welding process could be successfully employed for welding of AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel, which will increase its application range that requires thicker section of welded plates. Post-weld heat treatment was found to be advantageous for improving the microstructure and mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Metallurgical and Mechanical Research on Dissimilar Electron Beam Welding of AISI 316L and AISI 4340

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sufizadeh ◽  
S. A. A. Akbari Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Optimum Sample ◽  
Aisi 4340

Dissimilar electron beam welding of 316L austenitic stainless steel and AISI 4340 low alloy high strength steel has been studied. Studies are focused on effect of beam current on weld geometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction of the weld microstructures, and heat affected zone. The results showed that the increase of beam current led to increasing depths and widths of the welds. The optimum beam current was 2.8 mA which shows full penetration with minimum width. The cooling rates were calculated for optimum sample by measuring secondary dendrite arm space and the results show that high cooling rates lead to austenitic microstructure. Moreover, the metallography result shows the columnar and equiaxed austenitic microstructures in weld zone. A comparison of HAZ widths depicts the wider HAZ in the 316L side. The tensile tests results showed that the optimum sample fractured from base metal in AISI 316L side with the UTS values is much greater than the other samples. Moreover, the fractography study presents the weld cross sections with dimples resembling ductile fracture. The hardness results showed that the increase of the beam current led to the formation of a wide softening zone as HAZ in AISI 4340 side.

Study on Electron Beam Welding of AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 1516-1520
Author(s):  
Hong Ye ◽  
Han Li Yang ◽  
Zhong Lin Yan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Section Shape

Electron beam welding process of AZ61 with 10mm thickness magnesium alloys was investigated. The influence of processing parameters including focusing current, welding beam current and welding speed was researched. The results show that an ideal weld bead can be formed by choosing processing parameters properly. Focusing current is main parameter that determines cross section shape. The beam current and welding speed are main parameters that determine the weld width and dimensions. The test results for typical welds indicate that the microhardness of the weld zone is better than that of the base meta1. A fine-grained weld region has been observed and no obvious heat-affected zone is found. The fusion zone mainly consists of small α-Mg phase and β-Mg17A112. The small grains and β phases in the joint are believed to play an important role in the increase of the strength of weld for AZ61 magnesium alloys.

scholarly journals Modeling And Prediction of Mechanical Strength in Electron Beam Welded Dissimilar Metal Joints of Stainless Steel 304 and Copper Using Grey Relation Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.6) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ajith Raj ◽  
M Dev Anand
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Relation Analysis

Aircraft industries witness an extensive variety of utilizations in unique welded joints thinking about the benefit of quality and high corrosion protection. In any case, joining of dissimilar materials is more mind boggling because of the distinction in material properties. In this investigation dissimilar metal joints of pure Copper plates and Stainless Steel 304 plates of 3mm thickness were welded with Electron Beam Welding. The welding input parameters like Welding speed, Beam current and Work distance liable to quality of weld are considered. Plan of analysis has been made utilizing Taguchi strategy with three levels of input values. Ultimate tensile strength and hardness number were found to decide the mechanical quality. Both the yield esteems are consolidated for expectation and optimized using Gray Relation Analysis (GRA). The impacts of the input parameters towards weld quality were analyzed using ANOVA. 

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