Retrofitting of Timber Beam Ceilings with the Timber-Concrete Composite Construction

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Holschemacher ◽  
Hubertus Kieslich
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Central European ◽  
Main Structure ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bearing Behavior

Regarding the redevelopment of existing residential buildings the timber-concrete-compo- site (TCC) construction is an innovative possibility to toughen up timber beam ceilings. Thereby a concrete slab is added to the timber beams. Both parts of the construction are connected by using special shear connectors. In this case timber is mainly loaded in tension and concrete is generally loaded in compression. The bearing capacity as well as the serviceability of the ceiling can be improved by this composite construction. The idea of combining the construction materials timber and concrete in the way that they both can take and carry on loads is not new. In Germany it was mentioned in 1939 for the first time. The cityscape of Central European towns is mainly characterized by buildings constructed before the 50th of the last century. The protection of the historical main structure of these buildings is getting more important today. Floors built up till that time were primarily made of timber. Research in Germany has been intensified during the last decade. This paper will show the specific properties of timber-concrete composite floors. Several metallic combing agents exist currently. Type and distance of the connection members influence the load bearing behavior of the composite construction. The main types used in Germany will be presented in this paper. The possible ways of calculating timber-concrete composite ceilings will be given and the design basis will be explained.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Different Types of Shear Connectors in Steel–Concrete Composite Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
V. Jayanthi ◽  
C. Umarani
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Longitudinal Shear ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Steel Beam ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reinforced Cement ◽  
Push Out

AbstractShear connectors are designed in steel-concrete composite construction to transmit the longitudinal shear, to prevent separation of steel and concrete slabs, and also to increase the structural efficiency of the whole system. In this study, the performances of different types of shear connectors in steel-concrete composite specimens are evaluated by conducting push-out tests under monotonic loading conditions. An ISMB 200 @ 25.4 kg/m universal steel beam measuring 400 mm and a reinforced cement concrete slab measuring 300 mm with a breadth of 200 mm and a thickness of 200 mm reinforced with 8 mm diameter steel rods are used for the experimental study. The results reveal that the load-slip relationships for various types of shear connectors and failure mechanisms are obtained to identify those shear connectors which are more relevant to the steel - concrete composite members.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Timber-Concrete Composite Beams with Profiled Sheeting

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Szumigała ◽  
Ewa Szumigała ◽  
Łukasz Polus
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Timber Beams

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of timber-concrete composite beams. Said composite beams consist of rectangular timber beams and concrete slabs poured into the steel sheeting. The concrete slab is connected with the timber beam using special shear connectors. The authors of this article are trying to patent these connectors. The article contains results from a numerical analysis. It is demonstrated that the type of steel sheeting used as a lost formwork has an influence on the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the timber-concrete composite beams.

Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 614-617
Author(s):  
Petr Agel ◽  
Antonín Lokaj
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Mechanical Joining

Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .

scholarly journals Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam / Laboratorní Testování Únosnosti Mechanického Spřažení Dřevobetonového Nosníku

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Agel ◽  
Antonín Lokaj
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Mechanical Joining

Abstract Timber-concrete composite structures which use advantages of both materials are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticate which brings higher demands of work control and technology. Main goal of this paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and compare it with other similar joining method.

Seismic Behavior Analysis of Composite Buildings with Respect to RCC Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Sunita Dahal ◽  
Rajan Suwal
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Earthquake Zone

Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance worldwide as an alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. The use of steel in construction industry is very low in Nepal compared to many developing countries. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of steel in construction, especially in the current development needs. Not using steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. Steel concrete composite construction means the concrete slab is connected to the composite beam with the help of shear connectors so that they act as a single unit. In the present work, steel concrete composite (both full and half composite) with RCC options are considered for comparative study of seismic behavior of 10 multistoried commercial buildings (4-storied, 5-storied, 6-storied, 7-storied, 8-storied, 9-storied, 10-storied, 12-storied, 16-storied and 20-storied which is situated in earthquake zone V and for earthquake loading, the provisions of IS:1893 (Part1)-2002 is considered. For modeling of composite and RCC structures, SAP2000 software is used. Steel-concrete composite construction system is an efficient, economical and innovative method for seismic resistance of multi storied buildings. Equivalent static method of seismic analysis is used in the analysis of models. Comparison of parameters like time period, axial force, shear force, bending moment, deflection, storey drifts, base shear, storey stiffness is done for full composite (beam-column both composite), half composite (column composite) and RCC structures. The results are compared and found that composite structure is better in several aspects.

Towards Light-Weight Composite Construction: Innovative Shear Connector for Composite Beams

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Bamaga ◽  
M.Md. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Section

Introducing low cost housing is one of the challenges face civil engineers now-days. Using lightweight construction materials i.e. cold formed steel sections is an alternate solution to overcome the challenge. In this study, a lightweight composite beam was introduced. It consists of cold formed steel section and profiled concrete slab. Experimental push tests were conducted to investigate the ductility and strength capacities of new and innovative shear connectors. The shear connectors were easy to form and give advantages to speed up the fabrication process of the proposed composite beam. The shear connectors showed large deformation and strength capacities. It is concluded that the proposed shear connectors could be used for lightweight composite beams.

Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
Petr Agel ◽  
Antonin Lokaj
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Mechanical Joining

Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .

scholarly journals Waste-Based One-Part Alkali Activated Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911
Author(s):  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Inês Silveirinha Vilarinho ◽  
Marinélia Capela ◽  
Ana Caetano ◽  
Rui Miguel Novais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
High Compressive Strength ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Ordinary Portland Cement is the most widely used binder in the construction sector; however, a very high carbon footprint is associated with its production process. Consequently, more sustainable alternative construction materials are being investigated, namely, one-part alkali activated materials (AAMs). In this work, waste-based one-part AAMs binders were developed using only a blast furnace slag, as the solid precursor, and sodium metasilicate, as the solid activator. For the first time, mortars in which the commercial sand was replaced by two exhausted sands from biomass boilers (CA and CT) were developed. Firstly, the characterization of the slag and sands (aggregates) was performed. After, the AAMs fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, being the characterization complemented by FTIR and microstructural analysis. The binder and the mortars prepared with commercial sand presented high compressive strength values after 28 days of curing-56 MPa and 79 MPa, respectively. The mortars developed with exhausted sands exhibit outstanding compressive strength values, 86 and 70 MPa for CT and CA, respectively, and the other material’s properties were not affected. Consequently, this work proved that high compressive strength waste-based one-part AAMs mortars can be produced and that it is feasible to use another waste as aggregate in the mortar’s formulations: the exhausted sands from biomass boilers.

scholarly journals Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Residential Buildings in Humid Subtropical and Tropical Climates: Systematic Review and Analysis

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Daniel Satola ◽  
Martin Röck ◽  
Aoife Houlihan-Wiberg ◽  
Arild Gustavsen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Total Life

Improving the environmental life cycle performance of buildings by focusing on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the building life cycle is considered a crucial step in achieving global climate targets. This paper provides a systematic review and analysis of 75 residential case studies in humid subtropical and tropical climates. The study investigates GHG emissions across the building life cycle, i.e., it analyses both embodied and operational GHG emissions. Furthermore, the influence of various parameters, such as building location, typology, construction materials and energy performance, as well as methodological aspects are investigated. Through comparative analysis, the study identifies promising design strategies for reducing life cycle-related GHG emissions of buildings operating in subtropical and tropical climate zones. The results show that life cycle GHG emissions in the analysed studies are mostly dominated by operational emissions and are the highest for energy-intensive multi-family buildings. Buildings following low or net-zero energy performance targets show potential reductions of 50–80% for total life cycle GHG emissions, compared to buildings with conventional energy performance. Implementation of on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems provides the highest reduction potential for both operational and total life cycle GHG emissions, with potential reductions of 92% to 100% and 48% to 66%, respectively. Strategies related to increased use of timber and other bio-based materials present the highest potential for reduction of embodied GHG emissions, with reductions of 9% to 73%.

The Tartaria Tablets: a Chronological Issue

Antiquity ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (165) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evžen Neustupný
Keyword(s):  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
First Time

In the June number of ANTIQUITY Mr Sinclair Hood introduced to the readers of this journal the sensational find of the so-called Neolithic inscribed tablets from Transylvania. When this find was announced for the first time [I], it made a great impression upon everybody who appreciated its significance. It was a kind of deus ex machina which seemed to solve once and for all one of the crucial issues of Central European archaeology: the absolute chronology of the Neolithic Period.

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