Experimental Studies on the Superelastic Properties of SMA Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2891-2895
Author(s):  
He Meng ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
She Liang Wang

A kind of SMA material with the chemical composition of Ti-51% at Ni (made in china) which is austenitic at room temperature is tested to find out the influences of adding/unloading frequency, loading amplitude and adding/unloading cycles on the superelasitc properties of it. Then the conclusions were made according to the experimental results given in the paper. Finally, some suggestions to improve the performance of the SMA material were offered.

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (6) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thérien ◽  
J. Leblanc ◽  
O. Héroux ◽  
L. P. Dugal

It has been shown recently by Dugal and Thérien that during a short or long exposure to cold, the normal hypertrophy of the adrenals is completely prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid, and that, nevertheless, at the same time, resistance is increased towards the same damaging agent. So, the most universally accepted criterion of damage caused by stress is abolished when the animals exposed to cold receive large doses of ascorbic acid. Starting from that observation, it was natural to wonder what would be the effects of the ascorbic acid on the biological changes normally associated with the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold. The present paper describes the experimental studies made in that connection; the results obtained show that: (1) ascorbic acid (a) partly inhibits the thymus atrophy normally encountered upon exposure to any stress including cold, (b) accelerates in a very significant way the enlargement of the thyroid, (c) is responsible for an increase in weight of the spleen, whereas the control animals, on the contrary, show a decrease in weight of the same organ; (2) the histamine content of the adrenals, which increases at room temperature under the influence of ascorbic acid, is significantly decreased during exposure to cold under the influence of the same substance; (3) the activity of the adrenals, far from being inhibited by ascorbic acid is even increased if the cholesterol changes are taken as an index of that activity; (4) the initial hypotension—due to cold—found in our controls, is prevented by large doses of ascorbic acid; on the other hand, if hypertension develops after long exposure to cold, the subsequent administration of large doses of ascorbic acid restores the blood pressure to normal. Confirmation has also been obtained for the previously reported observation that ascorbic acid prevents the hypertrophy of the adrenals during exposure to cold.


Author(s):  
Dipjyoti Acharya ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Liping Zheng ◽  
Thomas X. Wu ◽  
Jay Kapat ◽  
...  

An attempt has been made in this work to design, fabricate and performance evaluate a 2 kW permanent magnet synchronous motor operating at 200,000 rpm and at the temperature of both room temperature and 77 K. Structural, thermal and rotordynamic aspects were considered and models were developed on an iterative basis. Prototypes were fabricated and models were validated through experimental results. The PMSM motor/generator prototype was fabricated. At this stage, experimental results were obtained for the test set-up operating at 200,000 rpm and air at room temperature. Models developed were validated comparing to experimental results.


Author(s):  
D.A. Stepanenko ◽  
N.A. Tsyupa ◽  
A.I. Belkova ◽  
A.S. Skachko

The aim of the work is to establish patterns of influence of the chemical composition of blast-furnace slags on the thermophysical properties of their melts, which is relevant to ensure high technical and economic indicators of the blast furnace. Experimental studies of the temperature of molten iron and slag at their release from a blast furnace with a volume of 1500 m3 have been carried out. It is shown that the temperatures of iron and slag have almost identical values and vary in the range of 1451÷14870С. On a Anton Paar rotary rheometer, viscosity measurements were made in the temperature range of 1320 ÷ 15000С and it was shown that the viscosity of slags from the blast furnace output exceeds its optimal value of 0.3 Pa.second. Based on the correlation-regression analysis of the literature data and the performed experimental studies, the enthalpy of the melts was determined as a function of the chemical composition of blast-furnace slags, which are represented through stoichiometry (ρ) and temperature. It is shown that when temperature fluctuations of slag melts in the range of 1453 ÷ 14870С their enthalpy changes in the range of 1933÷2031 kJ/kg. A predictive model for calculating the enthalpy of blast-furnace slags is proposed. On the basis of the proposed predictive model, the enthalpy of blast furnace slags for a blast furnace with a volume of 1500 m3 was calculated taking into account their actual temperatures at the outlet.


Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 452-466
Author(s):  
Francesco Augelli

The aim of this paper is to present the results of research undertaken on a wooden box that holds an important historical book: a hand Bible handwritten in the thirteenth century. Tradition connects this Bible to the name of Marco Polo (Venice, 1254–1324), who was supposedly the owner—the book possibly accompanied him on his travels (1262 and 1271) to China. The Bible is of fine workmanship and written on thin parchment, and its container—along with a yellow silk cloth—are preserved in the ancient and prestigious Laurentian Library in Florence. The manuscript was in very poor condition and was being restored during the period of study (2011). Surveys were carried out to determine the place and period of manufacture of the box, and to determine if it was contemporary to or later than the manuscript it contained or whether it was made in China or Europe. An additional aim of the work was to demonstrate that a fast and inexpensive in situ survey under imperfect time and space conditions was possible using in-depth observation and simple tools as well as a portable microscope, all performed without sampling. During the restoration process, a team of experts used instruments helpful in determining the chemical composition of the paper and related ink. Other specialists studied the paleography of the text. The results indicate that the Bible is definitely from the same period as Marco Polo. Nothing excludes the possibility that Marco Polo may have seen it or lived not too far from this manuscript, which traveled in a small wooden box, wrapped in a precious yellow silk cloth.


Author(s):  
M.T. Jahn ◽  
J.C. Yang ◽  
C.M. Wan

4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel is widely used due to its good combination of strength and toughness. The mechanical property of 4340 steel can be improved by various thermal treatments. The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) has been studied in a low carbon Ni-Cr-Mo steel having chemical composition closed to 4340 steel. TMT of 4340 steel is rarely examined up to now. In this study we obtain good improvement on the mechanical property of 4340 steel by TMT. The mechanism is explained in terms of TEM microstructures4340 (0.39C-1.81Ni-0.93Cr-0.26Mo) steel was austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. The TMTed specimen (T) was obtained by forging the specimen continuously as the temperature of the specimen was decreasing from 950°C to 600°C followed by oil quenching to room temperature. The thickness reduction ratio by forging is 40%. The conventional specimen (C) was obtained by quenching the specimen directly into room temperature oil after austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. All quenched specimens (T and C) were then tempered at 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650°C for four hours respectively.


Praxis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ewelina Biskup ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
Shixian Dong ◽  
Yan Wo
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunzhong Wang ◽  
Saixing Tang ◽  
Yating Wen ◽  
Shuyuan Zheng ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
...  

<div>Persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (p-RTP) from pure organics is attractive </div><div>due to its fundamental importance and potential applications in molecular imaging, </div><div>sensing, encryption, anticounterfeiting, etc.1-4 Recently, efforts have been also made in </div><div>obtaining color-tunable p-RTP in aromatic phosphors5 and nonconjugated polymers6,7. </div><div>The origin of color-tunable p-RTP and the rational design of such luminogens, </div><div>particularly those with explicit structure and molecular packing, remain challenging. </div><div>Noteworthily, nonconventional luminophores without significant conjugations generally </div><div>possess excitation-dependent photoluminescence (PL) because of the coexistence of </div><div>diverse clustered chromophores6,8, which strongly implicates the possibility to achieve </div><div>color-tunable p-RTP from their molecular crystals assisted by effective intermolecular </div><div>interactions. Here, inspirited by the highly stable double-helix structure and multiple </div><div>hydrogen bonds in DNA, we reported a series of nonconventional luminophores based on </div><div>hydantoin (HA), which demonstrate excitation-dependent PL and color-tunable p-RTP </div><div>from sky-blue to yellowish-green, accompanying unprecedentedly high PL and p-RTP </div><div>efficiencies of up to 87.5% and 21.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, the p-RTP emissions are </div><div>resistant to vigorous mechanical grinding, with lifetimes of up to 1.74 s. Such robust, </div><div>color-tunable and highly efficient p-RTP render the luminophores promising for varying </div><div>applications. These findings provide mechanism insights into the origin of color-tunable </div><div>p-RTP, and surely advance the exploitation of efficient nonconventional luminophores.</div>


2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay P. Kesan ◽  
Alan C. Marco ◽  
Richard Miller

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Johanna von Pezold ◽  
Miriam Driessen

AbstractThe influx of Chinese-made African ethnic dress has been central to debates about the consequences of the growing Chinese presence in Africa. Exploring the reception of the Chinese-produced capulana in Mozambique and net'ela in Ethiopia, we demonstrate that Mozambican and Ethiopian manufacturers and traders, from the grass roots up to cultural elites, engage with Chinese imports with creativity and verve. While welcoming Chinese materials for their affordability, bold and bright colours and suitability for dressmaking, they fashion them in ways that fit their own tastes and the local fashion trends. We distinguish three practices by which people do this: first, by incorporating Chinese materials or design elements into their own products; second, by co-creating new designs and dress with their Chinese counterparts; and third, by altering the imported fabrics. Apart from fashioning imports, some manufacturers use strategies to distinguish their own products from Chinese counterparts. These strategies include naming practices linked to the stories of their origin and alterations to the material.


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