A RESEARCH ON PHARMACUETICAL PREPARATION OF TAMRA GARBHA POTTALI

Ayurveda a science of life bloomed on its own concepts of health maintenance and curative aspects. One of the prenomial off shoot of Ayurveda is Rasashastra, an Indian alchemy. Pottali kalpana is a peculiar pharmaceutical dosage form, is unique in terms of its preparation, mode of administration, quick in action, less dose and easy for transportation. Tamra Garbha pottali (TMGP) is one such herbo-mineral-metallic complex formulation containing Tamra bhasma (T.B), Shodita Swarna, Hingulotta Parada and Shodhit Gandhaka. Among the different pharmaceutical methods, Gandhaka paka method is considered to be the best method to enhance the properties of the drugs and to keep them in a concise form. Pilot study of 6 Pottalis was conducted to standardize the temperature required to do Pottali paka and to assess the Pottali siddi lakshanas like Vyoma varna of Gandhaka paka, hardness of Pottali and changes of silk cloth tied to the Pottali. The main study conducted in 2 batches on the standards made by the pilot study. Observations made on the time duration required for the study, temperature to be given to Paka, changes in the Gandhaka varna till attainment Vyoma varna noted. The Study gave standard pharmaceutical method of Pottali paka w.s.r to Tamra garbha pottali.

A Research of the Material of the Core of Metal Threads from the Fourteenth-Century Slabbed Graves at the Plateau of Eski-Kermen

In 2020, the excavations of the fourteenth-century burials in slabbed graves 5/2020 and 8/2020 located in front of the main basilica in the central area of the town atop of the plateau of Eski-Kermen discovered metal threads of thin strips of precious metal spirally wound round the core. The present research analyses the material of this core. It is known that most often the strips of precious metal were wound around the core with protein base (silk, wool, or hair) or with cellulose base (linen, cotton, or hemp). The samples of three metal threads were analysed, though no preserved organic core was found in one of the samples. Electron microscopy of the threads recorded their fibrous core, thus showing that the base of metal threads was not hair, skin, or tendons. Further, the core material was investigated by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. The research detected trace amounts of two amino-acids, glycine and alanine, which appeared in silk fibroin only. The results of this study suggest that the core of metal threads was made of silk cloth. This indicates an imported, probably Mediterranean origin of the metal threads found in the burials at Eski-Kermen plateau. The artefacts made of such threads were possibly brought to the Crimea by Genoese merchants. It is known that in the fourteenth century various silk cloths were a priority commodity in the trade carried on by the Italians in Caffa and the towns of Genoese Gazaria.

Restaurarea unui antimis datat 1822

"Restoration of an antimension dated 1822 The antimension is a consecrated liturgical textile object, it is kept on an altar, and without it the Divine Liturgy cannot be celebrated. The antimension is made of a rectangular linen or silk cloth, decorated with the representation of the Entombment of Christ and of the four Evangelists, in various printing techniques. The restoration operations carried out include mechanical dry cleaning, removal of wax deposits, rehydration and regaining the original shape of the piece. Keywords: Antimension, restoration, cult objects, Romanian in the Cyrillic alphabet, Slavonic "

PENGARUH PERBEDAAN LARUTAN CELUP (VLOT) TERHADAP HASIL PENCELUPAN ZAT WARNA ALAM EKSTRAK BAWANG DAYAK (ELEUTHERINE PALMIFOLIA (L.) MERR.) PADA BAHAN SUTERA DENGAN MORDAN TAWAS

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh perbedaan larutan celup (vlot) terhadap hasil pencelupan zat warna alam ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) pada bahan Sutera dengan mordan Tawas. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimen yang berupa eksperimen true eksperimen design. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan pencelupan secara meta mordanting. Pencelupan dilakukan pada bahan sutera menggunakan tiga variable dengan Vlot 1:10, 1:50, 1:100 dengan mordan tawas. Instrumen penelitian berupa kain sutera dengan ukuran 30x30 cm dengan perlakuan berbeda disertai kuesioner panduan pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pencelupan zat warna alam ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) pada bahan Sutera dengan mordan Tawas adalah dengan kategori penilaian. Hasil pencelupan pada umumnya berada dalam kategori penilaian yaitu terang. Hasil uji menunjukkan pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:10 adalah sangat terang, pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:50 adalah terang dan hasil pencelupan terhadap vlot 1:100 sangat terang. Kata Kunci: larutan celup, bawang dayak mordan.AbstractThe research the study was to describe the effect of different dye solutions (vlot) on the results of dyeing natural dyes of Dayak Onion extract (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) In Silk material with mordan Tawas. The research method uses experiments in the form of true experimental design experiments. The sampling technique is meta mordanting dyeing. Dyeing was carried out on silk materials using three variables with Vlot 1:10, 1:50, 1: 100 with mordan alum. The research instrument was silk cloth with a size of 30x30 cm with different treatments accompanied by an observation guide questionnaire. The results showed that the results of dyeing natural dyes of Dayak Onion extract (Eleutherine Palmifolia (L.) Merr.) In Silk matter with mordan Alum were in the assessment category. The results of dyeing are generally in the assessment category, which is bright. The test results showed that vlot 1:10 dyeing was very bright, immersion in vlot 1:50 was bright and the dyeing result of vlot 1: 100 very bright. Keywords: dyeing, dayak onion, mordan.

Zooplankton Diversity in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Subtropical Pond of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The study aim to investigate the zooplankton diversity in relation to physico-chemical parameters of surface water in Barnai pond of Jammu district. Water parameters were analysed by following various standard methods, where as zooplankton were collected through the plankton net of standard bolting silk cloth no. 25 (mesh size 0.003-0.004 μm) and the total number of zooplankton was counted by using Drop count method. Statistical analysis of data involves Pearson’s Correlation analysis and various diversity indices viz; Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H´), Simpson’s Index (D), Margalef’s Index (d´) and Pielou’s Evenness (J). A total of 38 zooplankton taxa along with Nauplius larvae were observed belonging to 5 major taxonomic groups: Protozoa (6 species), Rotifera (21species), Cladocera (6 species), Copepoda (3 species) and Ostracoda (2species). Physico-chemical parameters of Barnai pond revealed well marked fluctuations with maxima and minima values of each parameter during specific seasons and zooplankton analysis revealed seasonal variations with an increase during summer and a fall during winter and monsoon seasons.

Studies on the Wooden Box Containing the “Marco Polo” Bible

The aim of this paper is to present the results of research undertaken on a wooden box that holds an important historical book: a hand Bible handwritten in the thirteenth century. Tradition connects this Bible to the name of Marco Polo (Venice, 1254–1324), who was supposedly the owner—the book possibly accompanied him on his travels (1262 and 1271) to China. The Bible is of fine workmanship and written on thin parchment, and its container—along with a yellow silk cloth—are preserved in the ancient and prestigious Laurentian Library in Florence. The manuscript was in very poor condition and was being restored during the period of study (2011). Surveys were carried out to determine the place and period of manufacture of the box, and to determine if it was contemporary to or later than the manuscript it contained or whether it was made in China or Europe. An additional aim of the work was to demonstrate that a fast and inexpensive in situ survey under imperfect time and space conditions was possible using in-depth observation and simple tools as well as a portable microscope, all performed without sampling. During the restoration process, a team of experts used instruments helpful in determining the chemical composition of the paper and related ink. Other specialists studied the paleography of the text. The results indicate that the Bible is definitely from the same period as Marco Polo. Nothing excludes the possibility that Marco Polo may have seen it or lived not too far from this manuscript, which traveled in a small wooden box, wrapped in a precious yellow silk cloth.

Belis dalam Perkawinan Masyarakat Islam Lamaholot di Flores Timur Perspektif Hukum Islam

Belis dalam perkawinan masyarakat lamaholot berupa gading gajah yang diberikan oleh pihak calon mempelai laki-laki kepada keluarga calon mempelai perempuan menjadi suatu bentuk penghargaan yang luar biasa kepada perempuan lamaholot. Aturan adat lamaholot, jika laki-laki beserta keluarganya telah menunaikan, memberikan atau mengantarkan belis ke kediaman orang tua perempuan, dan dari keluarga pihak perempuan pun telah memberikan balasan dari belis tersebut berupa kain sutra, lipa (sarung), kwatek (kain tenun), pakaian, gelang, kalung dan emas yang diisi penuh dalam lemari, maka mereka telah dinyatakan sah secara adat menjadi pasangan suami istri, meskipun belum terjadi akad nikah secara Islam melalui wali dari pihak perempuan. Belis termasuk dalam kategori hadiah, meskipun dalam aturan adat lamaholot, belis merupakan syarat pemberian mutlak yang harus ditunaikan seorang laki-laki jika ingin menikahi perempuan lamaholot, tapi berdasarkan syariat Islam, belis bukanlah merupakan ketentuan wajib atau syarat mutlak jika ingin melakukan proses pernikahan. Adapun hibah dalam syariat Islam hukumnya adalah sunnah.Belis in the marriage of lamaholot community is in the form of elephant ivory provided by the prospective bridegroom to the family of the prospective bride to be a form of extraordinary appreciation to the lamaholot female. The lamaholot customary rules, when a man and his family have fulfilled, provided or delivered belis to the residence of a woman's parents, and from the woman’s family has offered a reply from the belis in the forms of silk cloth, lipa (sarong), kwatek (woven cloth), clothes, bracelets, necklaces and gold filled in the closet, they have been legally declared customary to become a husband and a wife, even though the marriage contract has not yet taken place through a female guardian. Second, belis belongs to the prize category, although in lamaholot customary rules, belis is an absolute requirement that a man must fulfill when he wishes to marry a lamaholot woman, yet based on the Islamic law, belis is not a mandatory requirement or an absolute requirement when wishing to carry out the marriage process. As for hibah in Islamic law it is sunnah.

Studies on the Wooden Box Containing the "Marco Polo's Bible"

Aims of the paper are the results of a research on a wooden box that holds an important historical document, which is a hand Bible handwritten in the thirteenth century. The tradition connect this Bible to the name of Marco Polo (Venice, 1254 - Venice, 1324), who would be the owner and that it would accompany him on his travels (1262 and 1271) in China. The Bible, of fine workmanship, written on thin parchment, and its container, along with a yellow silk cloth, is preserved in the ancient and prestigious Laurentian Library in Florence. The manuscript was in very poor condition and in the course of the study (2011) was being restored. Aims of survey were to determine the place and period of realization of the box, or rather if it be contemporary or later than the manuscript it contains and whether it was made in the East or in Europe.