Recycling to Soils: a Sustainable Way of Sludge Disposal and its Practice in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Sheng Cao ◽  
Xue Jing Meng ◽  
Xue Zheng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Disposal Problem

With the booming construction of sewage treatment plants aiming at environmental protection, China has to face an emerging urgent task to address the sludge treatment and disposal problem. However there is a big controversy in China about the sludge treatment and disposal strategies. Some scientists suggest incinerating, while others insist on landfilling. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable development and cyclic economy, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward. Then the feasibility for sludge recycle to soils was discussed and some land application methods for sludge were introduced. At last, a successful case of producing compounded fertilizer from dewatered sludge in Northeast China was described in detail.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

Hong Kong Sludge Treatment Facilities

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Echo Leong ◽  
Alex Kwan ◽  
Priscilla Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Dewatered Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Incineration ◽  
Selection Of

At present, all dewatered sewage sludge generated by sewage treatment works (STW) is disposed of at landfills. This current practice of sludge disposal at landfill is not sustainable from both environmental and technical perspectives. The Hong Kong sludge contains high content of chloride due to use of seawater flushing in most of the Hong Kong areas and Hong Kong is a densely populated city. This unique condition has limited its selection of the alternative sludge treatment technology. The Sludge Treatment Facilities (STF) adopting fluidized bed incineration technology is a sustainable alternative for sludge disposal in Hong Kong. The design capacity of the STF is 2000 wet tonnes per day. The STF will be implemented under a Design-Build-and-Operate contract arrangement with a contractual operation period of 15 years and is scheduled to be commissioned by 2012.

Extraction efficiency of phosphate from pre-coagulated sludge with NaHS

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kato ◽  
H. Kitakoji ◽  
K. Oshita ◽  
M. Takaoka ◽  
N. Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Extraction Mechanism ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants

The recovery of phosphorus from sewage and sludge treatment systems is particularly important because it is a limited resource and a large proportion of the phosphorus currently used in Japan must be imported. We have been experimentally evaluating recovery methods with sulphide. In this study, we focussed on the extraction of phosphate from the sludge, and sought to achieve a greater extraction efficiency and to validate the extraction mechanism. We conducted three experiments, i.e. a sludge-type experiment, a coagulant ratio of pre-coagulated sludge experiment, and a concentration of pre-coagulated sludge experiment. Phosphate was extracted not with normal sewage sludge but with pre-coagulated sludge and FePO4 reagent at S/Fe=1.0–2.0. A coagulant ratio of 23 mg Fe L−1 was required in the pre-coagulation process to effectively extract phosphate. A high concentration of pre-coagulated sludge was required for the phosphate extraction. The mass balance was calculated, and 44.0% of phosphorus was extracted to supernatant, and 98.5% of iron and 98.3% of sulphur (44.1% of sulphur was sulphide). Thus, phosphate can be selectively separated from iron by the phosphate extraction method with NaHS, and phosphorus and iron can be recovered and reused at sewage treatment plants using ferric chloride as a coagulant.

Full-Scale Experience with Sludge Treatment at the Vienna Sewage Works

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thomas Ruggenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Solids Content

The sewage treatment plant at Simmering, Vienna, has been operating since June 1980, together with the ‘EbS' plant for sludge treatment and disposal. This latter consisted of centrifuges, grinder dryers and fluidised bed incineration but due to difficulties with the grinder dryers it has never operated efficiently. Accordingly trials have been done using improved centrifuges and filter presses to increase the dry solids content of the cake fed to the incinerators without using the grinder dryers. It was found that all systems tried were an improvement on the existing but that the best result was achieved using a Centripress on preheated sludge conditioned by polyelectrolyte. The plant was converted to this system in 1987 and results of full-scale operation as well as test results are given in the paper.

Study on Optimizing the Managerial Strategies of Municipal Sludge Treatment and Disposal in a City of Northern China

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 950-953
Author(s):  
Jian Lv ◽  
Xiao Ming Bu ◽  
Ji Yuan Li ◽  
Qing Yi Meng ◽  
Wen Zhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Managerial Strategy ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

A whole process chain managerial strategy is presented to solve the problems of sludge treatment and disposal of municipal wastewater treatment plants in a city of northern China. The problems include negligence of the sludge treatment, scarce capacity, ambiguous responsiblity, lack of whole process management and coherence of management on wastewater and sludge treatment. The system of whole process chain managerial strategy can provide a safe and effective platform to collect the relevant data about sludge disposal. In the system，all executants have the obligation and responsibility to record the data, supervise the operation and management of other subject, and give the report of the record data regularly. The system can be used to discover the problem in sludge disposal, and also it can give suggestion for the planning and adjust the ability of sludge disposal in a city for long-term.

scholarly journals Sanitary sewage

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Vitali Lobo ◽  
Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Domestic Effluent ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Selection Of

The treatment and disposal of domestic sewage is one of Brazil's main challenges. Sewage composition varies with the habits of the population and the frequency with which new contaminants are released into the environment. This study is a bibliographical review of the main aspects related to the characterization and composition of sanitary sewage, types of sewage treatment systems and pertinent legislation; and toxicity of domestic effluents. The review was based on publications available on Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scielo, as well as on printed publications, relevant legislation, and normative instructions. The research period adopted for the selection of publications was from 2005 to 2021. We found out that, in addition to the levels of organic matter from domestic sewage, residues from products used in daily life, such as pharmaceuticals and cleaning products, can be found in effluents in concentrations harmful to the environment. Often, the types of treatment used in municipal sewage treatment plants do not efficiently remove these contaminants. Thus, even if sewage is treated to meet the limits required for the physical-chemical and biological parameters established by law, domestic effluent can present a high potential for toxicity to various aquatic species such as microcrustaceans, mollusks and fish. Thus, ecotoxicological analyses represent a remarkable mechanism for indicating the efficiency of removal of emerging contaminants present in treated sanitary effluent, in addition to indicating the deleterious effects caused by these residues to the environment and ecosystems associated with the receiving water body.

Comparison of Centralized versus Decentralized Wastewater Systems for Coastal Tourist Areas

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentti Väänänen ◽  
Eleftherios Gavrielides
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

A reliable, unobtrusive wastewater collection, treatment and disposal system in tourist areas is a must. In most countries where tourism has rapidly grown, public utilities have not managed to provide sewerage and sewage treatment facilities. As a result of this there are a great number of small sewage treatment plants each serving one hotel or a group of hotels in one area. The next step seems to be to join more and more hotels to one bigger treatment plant - mostly operated by a public utility. This paper discusses the pros and cons of a centralized vs. decentralized treatment system taking into account technical and economic aspects.

Sewage Sludge Disposal: Current and Future Options

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Bruce ◽  
R. D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk

Sewage sludge is an inevitable product of all conventional sewage treatment processes. Disposal of sludge in an economic and environmentally-acceptable manner is becoming generally more difficult. Sludge quantities are rising and disposal options decreasing. Disposal will increasingly require positive and careful management. There are four basic destinations for sludge - agriculture, other types of land, the sea or minor outlets. Treatment methods are available for the production of nine basic types of end-product to suit particular disposal requirements. The new EC Directive will regulate sludge to agriculture and will require that all sludge to farmland is treated unless it is immediately buried under the soil. Sludge to agriculture (grassland or arable) is subject to soil metal limits and to the need to minimise the risk of disease transmission. Sludge to landfill is subject to increasing constraints, particularly on physical stability. Sludge to sea is still practised by the UK but is closely controlled by Government licence and a requirement for monitoring. Minor outlets such as oil production, protein extraction etc are only at the experimental level. A computer program (WISDOM) provides a means of evaluating the short/long-term viability of alternative treatment and disposal options to identify the most economic and environmentally-acceptable strategy on an objective basis.

Strategy for land application of sewage sludge in Norway

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Paulsrud ◽  
Kjell Terje Nedland
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Green Areas

The Norwegian public health and environmental authorities have launched a regulation for sewage sludge handling and disposal aiming at increasing the amount of sludge to be utilised on land areas. The strategy for achieving this is to secure that only high quality sludge is being offered to agriculture and green areas; the two disposal routes acceptable for land application of sludge in Norway. Most sewage treatment plants have experienced a considerable reduction in sludge heavy metals content during the last 15-20 years and the major reason for this is believed to be the continuous control of industrial effluents discharged to the municipal sewerage system and the implementation of cleaner technologies in the industry. Health risks and odour nuisance from the sewage sludge will be almost eliminated by employing treatment processes with the main purpose of disinfection and stabilisation of the sludge.

Bacteriological Evaluation of Composting Systems in Sludge Treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Forced Aeration ◽  
Composting Systems ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

Sludge disposal was considered as a serious problem to the authorities. Thus, the treatment of sludge resulting from sewage treatment plants to remove pathogenic microorganisms and to improve its impact on the environment was considered as the main objective of several investigators. Composting is one of the methods of sludge treatment. Different systems of composting (static pile, windrow and natural draft) were applied and evaluated bacteriologically. Faecal coliform and salmonellae were removed completely during the first two weeks in case of forced aeration, but the former are still present till near the end of experiment with natural aeration. For the natural draft system with sawdust base, faecal coliform reduction increased up to 100% after 7 weeks, while faecal streptococci and coliphage decreased gradually and were removed completely at the end of treatment. Salmonellae disappeared after a few days from starting treatment. In case of alkaloids addition (cement and lime), the tested organisms reached acceptable levels with any concentration of alkaloids. Coliphage and faecal streptococci survived till the end of treatment. So, from the previous results it is clear to say, coliphage and faecal streptococci were more resistant to the composting processes than other organisms.

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