Fractal Analysis of Raceway Boundary in COREX Melter Gasifier Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Zhi Guo Luo ◽  
Zhan Xia Di ◽  
Zong Shu Zou ◽  
Ren Chen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Fractal Method ◽  
Corex Melter Gasifier ◽  
Velocity Contour ◽  
Raceway Size

The raceway boundary is coarse and fragmentized, but all of previous studies are based on Euclidean geometry, which regard the dimension of raceway as an integer. In this paper, particle velocity contour has been developed to define the raceway boundary. The fractal method of calculating raceway size, which describe boundary with extremely un-regular or fragment characteristic, is brought forward in physical model. The result shows that the precise raceway boundary can be obtained by particle velocity contour, and the surface area of ellipsoidal raceway based on fractal is larger than that based on Euclidean.

Fractal Analysis of Raceway Boundary in Blast Furnace Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 313-314 ◽  
pp. 1003-1007
Author(s):  
Ye Sun ◽  
Ren Chen ◽  
Guo Xi Wu ◽  
Li Na Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Fractal Method ◽  
Velocity Contour ◽  
Raceway Size

The raceway boundary described with contour field is coarse and fragmentized, but all of previous studies are based on Euclidean geometry. In this paper, particle velocity contour has been developed to define the raceway boundary. Then the fractal method of calculating raceway size, which describe boundary with extremely un-regular or fragment characteristic, is brought forward in physical model. The results show that the precise raceway boundary can be obtained by particle velocity contour.

Cortical folding scales universally with surface area and thickness, not number of neurons

Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 349 (6243) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Mota ◽  
Suzana Herculano-Houzel
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Axonal Elongation ◽  
Cortical Surface Area ◽  
Simple Physical Model

Larger brains tend to have more folded cortices, but what makes the cortex fold has remained unknown. We show that the degree of cortical folding scales uniformly across lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species, across individuals, and within individual cortices as a function of the product of cortical surface area and the square root of cortical thickness. This relation is derived from the minimization of the effective free energy associated with cortical shape according to a simple physical model, based on known mechanisms of axonal elongation. This model also explains the scaling of the folding index of crumpled paper balls. We discuss the implications of this finding for the evolutionary and developmental origin of folding, including the newfound continuum between lissencephaly and gyrencephaly, and for pathologies such as human lissencephaly.

Self-affine Fractal Modelling of Aircraft Echoes from Low-resolution Radars

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
L. Q. Sheng ◽  
J.H. Pei ◽  
X.Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Target Classification ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Fractal Method ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Nonlinear Modulation ◽  
Fractal Representation

<p>For complex targets, the non rigid vibration of an aircraft as well as its attitude changes and the rotation of its rotating parts will induce complex nonlinear modulation on its echo from low-resolution radars. If one performs the fractal analysis of measures on an aircraft echo, it may offer a fine description of the dynamic characteristics which induce the echo structure. On basis of introducing self-affine fractal theory, the paper models real recorded aircraft echo data from a low-resolution radar using the self-affine fractal representation, and investigates the application of echo self-affine fractal characteristics in aircraft target classification. Results analysis shows that aircraft echoes from low-resolution radars can be modelled by using the self-affine fractal method, and the self-affine fractal features can be effectively applied to target classification and recognition.</p><p> </p>

Physical Model for Non-steady-state Dissolution of Dental Enamel

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1418-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Patel ◽  
J.L. Fox ◽  
W.I. Higuchi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

The purpose of this study was to provide a rigorous theoretical understanding of the dissolution behavior of dental enamel over the entire time-course of demineralization and to simulate by computer an erosion-type caries lesion according to the physical "hydroxyapa tite model". The appropriate diffusion equations which accountfor simultaneous diffusion and equilibrium of all species in enamel pores, boundary layer, and bulk solution, and which also take into consideration surface reaction kinetics, were employed to allow for calculation of the micro-environmental solution concentration and changes in the min eral density as a function of time and distance within the enamel. This comprehensive physical model for non-steady-state enamel dissolution also explicitly takes into account changes in the diffusivity and the dissolution rate constant as a function of mineral density. Demineralization experiments were conducted in 0.1 mol/L sink acetate buffer (pH = 4.50, μ= 0.50) , with ground bovine dental enamel blocks of known surface area mounted (with beeswax) in a rotating disk apparatus. Mineral density profiles were quantified by means of contact x-ray microradiography. The physical model was used to predict mineral density profiles for given demineralization treatments. The experimental profiles agreed quite well with the predicted profiles, when the effective diffusivity of the enamel was assumed to be a function of porosity and when changes in surface area of the crystallites were taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Application of a multi-stage fractal method in analysis masterpieces of Islamic architecture – Ahmad Shah Mosque.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Халед Д. Альдин Исмаил ◽  
Михаил Юрьевич Шишин
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Spatial Coherence ◽  
Islamic Architecture ◽  
Fractal Method ◽  
Box Counting ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Box Counting Dimension ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

В статье обосновывается авторский подход фрактального анализа памятников архитектуры на основе ячеистого вычисления размерности (the box counting dimension method, DB). Он охватывает основные пространственные и художественные характеристики (плана, фасада и разреза) и верифицируется на основе поиска фрактальных согласований в памятнике исламской архитектуры – мечети Ахмад Шаха в Стамбуле. Доказывается прямая зависимость высокой степени фрактальности памятника и его художественных и эстетических характеристик. Впервые осуществляется исследование известного памятника исламской архитектуры. Работа призвана внести вклад в теорию анализа архитектурных объектов, результаты ее могут быть в методологическом плане использованы в практике проектирования, в первую очередь в храмовых сооружениях. This paper presents approaches to the fractal analysis of architectural monuments basing on the box counting dimension method (DB) and the spatial coherence of the basic and artistic characteristics (plan, elevation & section). It is verified by the example of fractal coherence in Islamic architectural monuments (Mosque of Ahmad Shah in Istanbul). A direct dependence of a high degree of fractality of the two monuments is substantiated on its artistic and aesthetic features. For the first time carried out a study based on fractal theory to these outstanding monuments of Islamic architecture. The work aims at further investigation of fractal theory in relationship with the architectural objects.

Preparation and characterisation of vanadium pentoxide supported rhodium catalyst

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 946-947
Author(s):  
A. Legrouri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Rhodium Catalyst ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Reducible Oxides

The industrial importance of metal catalysts supported on reducible oxides has stimulated considerable interest during the last few years. This presentation reports on the study of the physicochemical properties of metallic rhodium supported on vanadium pentoxide (Rh/V2O5). Electron optical methods, in conjunction with other techniques, were used to characterise the catalyst before its use in the hydrogenolysis of butane; a reaction for which Rh metal is known to be among the most active catalysts.V2O5 powder was prepared by thermal decomposition of high purity ammonium metavanadate in air at 400 °C for 2 hours. Previous studies of the microstructure of this compound, by HREM, SEM and gas adsorption, showed it to be non— porous with a very low surface area of 6m2/g3. The metal loading of the catalyst used was lwt%Rh on V2Q5. It was prepared by wet impregnating the support with an aqueous solution of RhCI3.3H2O.

Cell morphology, volume, and surface area determinations from multilevel contouring within HVEM micrographs of serial sections and whole-cell mounts

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 588-589
Author(s):  
M. Marko ◽  
A. Leith ◽  
D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Serial Section ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Computer Based

The use of serial sections and computer-based 3-D reconstruction techniques affords an opportunity not only to visualize the shape and distribution of the structures being studied, but also to determine their volumes and surface areas. Up until now, this has been done using serial ultrathin sections.The serial-section approach differs from the stereo logical methods of Weibel in that it is based on the Information from a set of single, complete cells (or organelles) rather than on a random 2-dimensional sampling of a population of cells. Because of this, it can more easily provide absolute values of volume and surface area, especially for highly-complex structures. It also allows study of individual variation among the cells, and study of structures which occur only infrequently.We have developed a system for 3-D reconstruction of objects from stereo-pair electron micrographs of thick specimens.

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