Synthesis of Functional Polypropylene as Efficient Dispersing Agent for Carbon Nanotubes

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1876-1879
Author(s):  
Xin Long Ling ◽  
Yi Zhe Wei ◽  
Li Ming Zou ◽  
Su Xu ◽  
Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Dispersing Agent

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in many materials due to their interesting properties. But CNTs do not disperse well within apolar polymer matrices such as polypropylene. Recently, polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the dispersion of CNTs within polymer. Disappointingly, the dispersion of CNTs was not expected. Here, utilizing 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid as catalyst, PP-g-MA is chemically modified with phenol in dimethylbenzene. The resulting product (PP-g-PH) is characterized by the elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dispersions of CNTs within PP-g-MA and PP-g-PH are studied.

scholarly journals Conversion of palm oil to new sulfur-based polymer by inverse vulcanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Amin Abbasi ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef ◽  
Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Molten State ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sulfur Containing

The conversion of palm oil into a sulfur-based polymer by copolymerization with sulfur powder at its molten state is herein reported. The obtained sulfur-containing polymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to demonstrate the successful conversion. The disappearance of the peaks related to vinylic groups of oil together with the appearance of a peak representing C-H rocking vibrations in the vicinity of C-S bonds confirmed the copolymerization of sulfur with oil. TGA revealed that the polymers have thermal stability up to 230°C under nitrogen and the polymers leave 10% sulfur-rich ash. DSC proved that a small amount of elemental sulfur remained unreacted in the polymer, which showed amorphous and heavily crosslinked structure resembling thermosets. These copolymers are an environmental-friendly polymeric material promoting the utilization of the abundant sulfur while also adding value to palm oil.

scholarly journals Extraction of Lignin from Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber via Microwave-Assisted Acid Hydrotrope Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Rasidi Roslan ◽  
Muhammad Nor Arifin Yaakob ◽  
Ms Fathihah
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Assisted

Lignin is a sub-product from lignocellulose apart from cellulose and hemicellulose that produced from empty fruit bunch fiber (EFB). Lignin has low solubility and reactivity due to its bulky macromolecule structre. Being one of the wastes that being generated in massive amount, many alternatives has been taken to transform lignin into valuable products. To do so, many reactions are needed for the lignin to go through. In this study, lignin will be extracted from empty fruit bunch (EFB) with the aid of acid hydrotrope concentration of 30 % and microwave assisted with various extraction heating time and temperature. Characterization of lignin is done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) used to characterize residues. The highest percentage of lignin yield and its purity obtained are 19.47 % and 96.63 % with the reaction time and temperature of the microwave is 30 minutes and 90 °C. From Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), a wide band at 3430.09 cm-1 and 3413.45 cm-1 are observed due to O-H stretching vibration. As for peak at 1123.17 cm-1 and 1051.26 cm-1, it correspond to syringyl and guaicyl unit in both lignin and raw EFB. As for Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it shows that lignin decomposes slowly compared to raw EFB due to the aromatic structure of lignin that is very stable, therefore leading to difficulty of decomposing while from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), after removing cellulose and hemicellulose, glass transition temperature (Tg) obtained from lignin DSC spectroscopy is 193.05 °C at heat flow of 1.15 mW/mg. Next, from Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the signals observed around 6.5 – 8.0 ppm indicate aromatic H in syringyl and guaiacyl unit only at lignin spectra while at 3.3 – 4.0 ppm, raw EFB has an intense peak compared to lignin which attribute to methoxyl group. When the residue of the lignin as well as the raw EFB powder is characterized using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), the crystallinity index of the lignin with reaction time and temperature of the microwave 30 minutes and 90 °C is the highest, 69.28 %. As a conclusion, an admissible percent of lignin yield and purity is able to be obtained with addition of acid hydrotrope depending on the variables. From the spectroscopies characterization, it is proved that lignin characteristics and properties are compatible for the production of new and value added products.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF NiO/ZnO NANOCOMPOSITES IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtawar Sajjad ◽  
Umer Ali ◽  
Auswa Nadeem ◽  
Lubna Noor ◽  
Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Ethylene glycol is solvent used in sol-gel method to synthesize NiO/ZnO nanocomposites. ZnCl2 along with NiCl2.6H2O were used as precursors during synthetization of NiO/ZnO nanocomposites. We used various techniques such as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and particle size analysis for synthesis of the nanocomposites which confirm that these nanocomposites act as catalyst.

Preparation and Characterization of Novel Bipolar Copolymers Based on Quinoline Aluminum and Carbazole

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 656-659
Author(s):  
Teng Fei Shen ◽  
Ying Juan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra ◽  
Gel Permeation

In this work, a series of novel bipolar copolymers containing 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) and carbazole had been synthesized by copolymerization of a novel Alq3 complex monomer and N-vinylcarbazole (NVK), and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Thermal Stability of N-Heterocycle-Stabilized Iodanes – A Systematic Investigation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Boelke ◽  
Yulia A. Vlasenko ◽  
Mekhman S. Yusubov ◽  
Boris Nachtsheim ◽  
Pavel Postnikov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

<p>The thermal stability of pseudocyclic and cyclic <i>N</i>-heterocycle-stabilized (hydroxy)aryl- and mesityl(aryl)-l<sup>3</sup>-iodanes (NHIs) through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is investigated. NHIs bearing <i>N</i>-heterocycles with a high N/C-ratio such as triazoles show among the lowest descomposition temperatures and the highest decomposition energies. A comparison of NHIs with known (pseudo)cyclic benziodoxolones is made and we further correlated their thermal stability with reactivity in a model oxygenation. </p>

scholarly journals Comparative thermal research on tetraazapentalene-derived heat-resistant energetic structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Bozhou Wang ◽  
Xiangzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
In Situ Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Heat Resistant

AbstractOrganic inner salt structures are ideal backbones for heat-resistant energetic materials and systematic studies towards the thermal properties of energetic organic inner salt structures are crucial to their applications. Herein, we report a comparative thermal research of two energetic organic inner salts with different tetraazapentalene backbones. Detailed thermal decomposition behaviors and kinetics were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) methods, showing that the thermal stability of the inner salts is higher than most of the traditional heat-resistant energetic materials. Further studies towards the thermal decomposition mechanism were carried out through condensed-phase thermolysis/Fourier-transform infrared (in-situ FTIR) spectroscopy and the combination of differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DSC-TG-MS-FTIR) techniques. The experiment and calculation results prove that the arrangement of the inner salt backbones has great influence on the thermal decompositions of the corresponding energetic materials. The weak N4-N5 bond in “y-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone lead to early decomposition process and the “z-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone exhibits more concentrated decomposition behaviors.

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