Phosphorus in Drinking Water and it's Removal in Conventional Treatment Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 453-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Yan Hua Chen ◽  
Guo Wei Ni
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Soluble Phosphate ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Chemical forms of phosphorus in source and treated drinking water were studied in this paper. Removal of total phosphorus (TP) and microbially available phosphorus (MAP) by conventional treatment process of drinking water was examined. The results showed that particulate phosphorus constituted of most TP in source water. Content of total soluble phosphate (TSP) was about 30% of TP. Soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) can be measured in a few months during a year and its content was very low. Content of MAP was higher than content of TSP in source water, which showed that microbe can also use particle phosphorus. Ratio of TSP to TP increased evidently in treated water. This demonstrated that removal of TSP was more difficult than particulate phosphorus in conventional treatment process for drinking water. Removal of TP and MAP in conventional treatment process of drinking water was effective, with averaged removal efficiency of 66% and 69%, respectively. Coagulation-sedimentation and filtration removed TP efficiently. Enhanced coagulation may increases removal efficiency of MAP. Lower content of MAP can control biostability of drinking water.

Optimal operations for groundwater denitrification of drinking water using heterotrophic biological denitrification process

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
C.-H. Hung ◽  
K.-H. Tsai ◽  
Y.-K. Su ◽  
C.-M. Liang ◽  
M.-H. Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Denitrification Process ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

Due to the extensive application of artificial nitrogen-based fertilizers on land, groundwater from the central part of Taiwan faces problems of increasing concentrations of nitrate, which were measured to be well above 30 mg/L all year round. For meeting the 10 mg/L nitrate standard, optimal operations for a heterotrophic denitrification pilot plant designed for drinking water treatment was investigated. Ethanol and phosphate were added for bacteria growing on anthracite to convert nitrate to nitrogen gas. Results showed that presence of high dissolved oxygen (around 4 mg/L) in the source water did not have a significantly negative effect on nitrogen removal. When operated under a C/N ratio of 1.88, which was recommended in the literature, nitrate removal efficiency was measured to be around 70%, sometimes up to 90%. However, the reactor often underwent severe clogging problems. When operated under C/N ratio of 1.0, denitrification efficiency decreased significantly to 30%. Finally, when operated under C/N ratio of 1.5, the nitrate content of the influent was almost completely reduced at the first one-third part of the bioreactor with an overall removal efficiency of 89–91%. Another advantage for operating with a C/N ratio of 1.5 is that only one-third of the biosolids was produced compared to a C/N value of 1.88.

Detection and Health Risk Associated with Low Virus Concentration in Drinking Water

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Payment ◽  
M. Trudel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Dangerous Level

During the last decade, with the amelioration of the detection methods and the increasing number of studies on the subject, the isolation of viruses in treated drinking water has been reported more frequently than ever. These reports have in common the very low number of viruses isolated and these viruses are usually found only after concentration procedures involving several hundred liters of water. Our own studies have shown that during the conventional treatment of drinking water 99.998% of the indigenous viruses are removed. The residual viral fraction does not exceed 10 viruses per 1 000 liters of water. Using a probabilistic approach this viral concentration in drinking water is well below any dangerous level of enteric viruses in water and the presence of these viruses should not be considered as a health problem but more as the limit of the water treatment methodology.

Study on Phosphorus and Bacterial Regrowth in Drinking Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 466-469
Author(s):  
Deng Ling Jiang ◽  
Yu Min Zhang ◽  
Ning Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
Water Treatment Process

Phosphorus limitation on bacterial regrowth was studied in source water, water treatment process and water distribution system of J Water Supply Plant in T city, by modified AOC method and MAP analysis. Based on the study, the follows can be concluded: ① MAP(Microbially Available Phosphorus) concentration was higher in source water and water treatment process, which was 5～38µg PO43－-P/L. However in water distribution, MAP concentration was lower, which was less than 5µg PO43--P/L. ②Coagulation and sedimentation can remove MAP efficiently. 31%～68% of MAP can be removed in these process. ③ In source water and water treatment process, there was no evident difference between AOCpotential, AOCp and AOCnative. So assimilable organic carbon (AOC) was the most important factor of bacterial regrowth. In water distribution system, the concentration of AOCpotential and AOCp were 2～8.7 times of the concentration of AOCnative. So phosphorus limited bacterial regrowth.

scholarly journals Assessment of waterborne protozoan passage through conventional drinking water treatment process in Venezuela

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Q. Betancourt ◽  
Kristina D. Mena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Monitoring Strategies

Three drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) differing in source water and treatment capacity were investigated for the potential passage of waterborne protozoan (oo)cysts through conventional processing. DWTP I (15,000 L/s), DWTP II (7,500 L/s) and DWTP III (4,300 L/s) provide drinking water for approximately 2.7 million inhabitants of the Metropolitan District of Caracas (Venezuela). The US Environmental Protection Agency Method 1623 for detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia was used to analyze raw water and finished drinking water samples collected from the three plants. (Oo)cyst recovery efficiencies varied between 23 and 84%. The concentration of confirmed (oo)cysts detected in raw water samples ranged between 1 and 100 per 100 L. (Oo)cyst levels in finished water samples ranged from 2 to 25 per 100 L. These data indicated that the conventional treatment process to produce finished water at two filtration plants was not effective in preventing the passage of protozoan (oo)cysts. Monitoring strategies that include multiple microbial indicators and waterborne pathogens are strongly recommended for accurate source water characterization and for verification of the effectiveness of treatment process barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water.

scholarly journals How can the UK statutory Cryptosporidium monitoring be used for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water?

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. M. H. Smeets ◽  
J. C. van Dijk ◽  
G. Stanfield ◽  
L. C. Rietveld ◽  
G. J. Medema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment (QMRA) is increasingly being used to complement traditional verification of drinking water safety through the absence of indicator bacteria. However, the full benefit of QMRA is often not achieved because of a lack of appropriate data on the fate and behaviour of pathogens. In the UK, statutory monitoring for Cryptosporidium has provided a unique dataset of pathogens directly measured in large volumes of treated drinking water. Using this data a QMRA was performed to determine the benefits and limitations of such state-of-the-art monitoring for risk assessment. Estimates of the risk of infection at the 216 assessed treatment sites ranged from 10−6.5 to 10−2.5 person−1 d−1. In addition, Cryptosporidium monitoring data in source water was collected at eight treatment sites to determine how Cryptosporidium removal could be quantified for QMRA purposes. Cryptosporidium removal varied from 1.8 to 5.2 log units and appeared to be related to source water Cryptosporidium concentration. Application of general removal credits can either over- or underestimate Cryptosporidium removal by full-scale sedimentation and filtration. State-of-the-art pathogen monitoring can identify poorly performing systems, although it is ineffective to verify drinking water safety to the level of 10-4 infections person−1 yr−1.

Is the Distribution of Ecosystem Service Benefits Pro-Poor? Evidence from Water Purification by Forests in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Vincent ◽  
Orapan Nabangchang ◽  
Congjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Source Water Protection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Forests are widely believed to provide a water purification service that reduces the cost of treating drinking water, but few empirical economic studies have investigated this service in developing countries, where deforestation rates and thus threats to the service tend to be higher than in developed countries. Even fewer studies have investigated the distribution of the benefits of this service, or any other regulating ecosystem service for that matter, in either developing or developed countries. Using quarterly panel data for 158 water utilities in Thailand during 2004–2014, we find robust evidence that forests significantly reduced the material cost of water treatment, but we find no evidence that the cost reductions were progressive in the sense of being larger in provinces with higher poverty rates. The economic justification for source water protection in Thailand appears to hinge purely on considerations of efficiency — does source water protection provide net benefits? — not on the distribution of those benefits between poorer and richer locations. Research in other countries is needed to determine if the absence of pro-poor distributional impacts of forest water purification is unique to Thailand or the norm and if interventions that enhance forest water purification significantly reduce poverty in locations served by treated drinking water systems.

Real-Time PCR Detection of Enteric Viruses in Source Water and Treated Drinking Water in Wuhan, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Ye ◽  
Xing Ming ◽  
Yong Lu Zhang ◽  
Wen Qing Xiao ◽  
Xia Ning Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treated Drinking Water
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