Regarding the Optimization of Measurement Systems for Grinding Forces in Case of High Speed Industrial Robots

The paper presents two measurement systems for the dynamic components of the grinding forces in case of robots that perform finishing operations. The optimization of the measurement system is performed at the force measurement captor level using a special structure elastic element within the digital command robot driving system.

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Temperature Measurement System for Low Pressure Ratio Turbine Testing

Volume 1: Turbo Expo 2003 ◽

10.1115/gt2003-38685 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

R. Va´zquez ◽

J. M. Sa´nchez

Keyword(s):

Temperature Measurement ◽

Measurement System ◽

High Speed ◽

New Technologies ◽

Pressure Ratio ◽

Low Pressure ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Single Stage ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Temperature Measurement System

In 1999, ITP (Industria de Turbopropulsores, S.A.) launched a wide on-going research program focusing on new technologies to provide significant improvements in Low Pressure Turbines cost and weight. As consequence of the new technologies the experience limits are exceeded and new unknown concepts, like high stage loading turbines, must be explored and then a wide experimental work is required for validation purposes. Cold flow single stage rigs in high-speed facilities were selected by ITP as main vehicle to carry out the experimental validation. Single stage Low Pressure Turbine rigs have low-pressure ratio and power consumption, therefore efficiency predictions based on temperature drop require high accuracy thermocouple measurement systems (precision uncertainties lower than ±50 mK), if small efficiency variations must be captured. In this paper, a detailed uncertainty analysis is introduced and a temperature measurement system that allows achieving such high measurement accuracy is evaluated and described. Type T thermocouples are proposed for use in the range 0°C to 80°C, which are individually calibrated. The procedure followed for this calibration is presented and how is possible to achieve a precision of 30 mK. It is also shown as conventional UTR based on metal plates can behave as good as thermal baths in terms of temperature uniformity and errors, with the adequate isolation and temperature reference calibration. The conventional data recording and voltage measurement systems are experimentally evaluated, and they are found as main source of temperature errors. Although following some recommendations the precision of those systems can be improved, it is experimentally probed and therefore suggested the use of high accuracy voltmeter with a commutation unit to reduce significantly the temperature uncertainty. Finally a miniature Kiel Shroud is proposed and aerodynamically characterised in a high-speed facility. Mach, Reynolds number, yaw, blockage and manufacturing tolerance impact on recovery factor can be inferred from those results.

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Development of a Bendable Outsole Biaxial Ground Reaction Force Measurement System

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19112641 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 2641 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Junghoon Park ◽

Sangjoon Kim ◽

Youngjin Na ◽

Yeongjin Kim ◽

Jung Kim

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Ground Reaction Force ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Force Plate ◽

Force Sensors ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Cantilever Structure ◽

Force Measurement System ◽

Anterior Posterior

Wearable ground reaction force (GRF) measurement systems make it possible to measure the GRF in any environment, unlike a commercial force plate. When performing kinetic analysis with the GRF, measurement of multiaxial GRF is important for evaluating forward and lateral motion during natural gait. In this paper, we propose a bendable GRF measurement system that can measure biaxial (vertical and anterior-posterior) GRF without interrupting the natural gait. Eight custom small biaxial force sensors based on an optical sensing mechanism were installed in the proposed system. The interference between two axes on the custom sensor was minimized by the independent application of a cantilever structure for the two axes, and the hysteresis and repeatability of the custom sensor were investigated. After developing the system by the installation of force sensors, we found that the degree of flexibility of the developed system was comparable to that of regular shoes by investigating the forefoot bending stiffness. Finally, we compared vertical GRF (vGRF) and anterior-posterior GRF (apGRF) measured from the developed system and force plate at the same time when the six subjects walked, ran, and jumped on the force plate to evaluate the performance of the GRF measurement system.

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A New Low-Cost System for Tyre-Road Force Measurements: Design and Validation

Volume 5: 6th International Conference on Multibody Systems, Nonlinear Dynamics, and Control, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/detc2007-35364 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Braghin ◽

Federico Cheli ◽

Emiliano Giangiulio ◽

Federico Mancosu

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Contact Force ◽

Measurement System ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Low Cost ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Vehicle Safety ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Wheel Turn ◽

Force Measurement System

The measurement of tyre-road contact forces is the first step towards the development of new control systems for the improvement of vehicle safety and performances. At present, tyre-road contact force measurement systems are very expensive and modify the non suspended vehicle inertia due to their high mass and rotational inertia moment. Thus, vehicle dynamics is significantly affected. The measured contact forces are therefore not fully representative of the contact forces that the tyres will experience during real working conditions. A new low-cost tyre-road contact force measurement system has been developed that is installable on any type of wheel. Its working principle is based on the measurement of three deformations of the wheel. Through a dynamic calibration of the instrumented wheel it is possible to reconstruct all three contact force and torque components once per wheel turn. These forces are then sent to the vehicle chassis and may be used by on-board active control systems to improve vehicle safety and performances. Validation tests were carried out with a vehicle having all four wheels equipped with the low-cost tyre-road contact force measurement system. It was possible to reconstruct contact forces once per wheel turn in any working condition with a precision that is comparable to that of existing high-cost measurement systems ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5]).

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Comparison of force measurement systems for hand tools

Occupational Ergonomics ◽

10.3233/oer-2000-2306 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 191-200

Author(s):

Tanja Niemel\"a ◽

Markku Lepp\"anen ◽

Minna P\"aivinen ◽

Markku Mattila

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Experimental Testing ◽

Opening Angle ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Testing System ◽

Flexor Muscle ◽

Hand Tools ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Hand Tool

Ergonomic properties of a pair of pruning shears were tested using a new laboratory measurement system for non-powered hand tools. With this system, it is possible to measure simultaneously the EMG activity of two muscles, the opening angle of hand tool blades by means of a potentiometer and, by means of strain gages, the force transmitted to the handle. A measurement system was tested by comparing the forces needed to cut wood of a certain diameter, and the actual force required, as measured by a material-testing system. The correlation between forearm flexor muscle activity and the compression force created by the user was investigated. The evaluation of the experimental testing system for non-powered hand tools has shown that there are methods for the measurement of force demand and opening angle. However, some improvements are recommended before this measurement system is used widely in the field.

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Plantar pressure measurement system based on piezoelectric sensor: a review

Sensor Review ◽

10.1108/sr-09-2021-0333 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Xiang Li ◽

Keyi Wang ◽

Yan Lin Wang ◽

Kui Cheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

Pressure Measurement ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Hardware Design ◽

Piezoelectric Sensor ◽

Content Type ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Plantar Force ◽

Force Measurement System

Purpose Plantar force is the interface pressure existing between the foot plantar surface and the shoe sole during static or dynamic gait. Plantar force derived from gait and posture plays a critical role for rehabilitation, footwear design, clinical diagnostics and sports activities, and so on. This paper aims to review plantar force measurement technologies based on piezoelectric materials, which can make the reader understand preliminary works systematically and provide convenience for researchers to further study. Design/methodology/approach The review introduces working principle of piezoelectric sensor, structures and hardware design of plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of sensors in plantar force measurement systems can be divided into four kinds, including monolayered sensor, multilayered sensor, tri-axial sensor and other sensor. The previous studies about plantar force measurement system based on piezoelectric technology are reviewed in detail, and their characteristics and performances are compared. Findings A good deal of measurement technologies have been studied by researchers to detect and analyze the plantar force. Among these measurement technologies, taking advantage of easy fabrication and high sensitivity, piezoelectric sensor is an ideal candidate sensing element. However, the number and arrangement of the sensors will influence the characteristics and performances of plantar force measurement systems. Therefore, it is necessary to further study plantar force measurement system for better performances. Originality/value So far, many plantar force measurement systems have been proposed, and several reviews already introduced plantar force measurement systems in the aspect of types of pressure sensors, experimental setups for foot pressure measurement analysis and the technologies used in plantar shear stress measurements. However, this paper reviews plantar force measurement systems based on piezoelectric materials. The structures of piezoelectric sensors in the measurement systems are discussed. Hardware design applied to measurement system is summarized. Moreover, the main point of further study is presented in this paper.

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Study of the Method on Cutting-Force Modeling Based on the Current of High-Speed Electric Spindles

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.517 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 156-157 ◽

pp. 517-522

Author(s):

Song Sheng Li ◽

Hua Wei Mao ◽

Ping Chen ◽

Xiao Huang ◽

Xiao Yang Chen

Keyword(s):

Cutting Force ◽

High Speed ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Special Test ◽

Test Bed ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Force Modeling ◽

Cutting Force Measurement ◽

Vertical Milling Machine ◽

Force Measurement System

It is important to build the models for calculating the cutting-forces in high-speed machining, but it is difficult as the special test-bed with the cutting-force measurement system is complicated, cost much and cannot be applied directly on general machining tools. Aiming at the problems above, a new method was put forward about cutting-force modeling based on the current of high-speed electric spindles, in which the cutting-force models could be gained indirectly by analyzing the built-in motor current and the data gotten from cutting experiments on those general machining tools which are installed with electric spindles. Then on a vertical milling machine tool which is equipped with a high-speed electric spindle, a model for calculating the milling force was gotten using the method put forward by this paper. The results show that the method is simple and easy to be used in routine machine tools in plant spots and need no any special test-beds and any complicated measurement systems possessed only in the laboratory conditions.

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