A Research on the Morphology and Composition of Flocs (Part 1: Floc Breaage Disregarded)

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1566-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Qiang Ding ◽  
Qing Na Li ◽  
Xin Rong Pang ◽  
Ji Run Xu
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Suspension Viscosity ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Floc Breakage

The characteristics of flocs aggregated in flocculation have been paid more and more attention for a long time. In this paper, a new classification and analyses method dealing with the flocs is developed. The flocs formed after flocculation is divided into four kinds, including the left primary particles, linear flocs with all component particles in a line, planar flocs with all component particles on a plane and volumetric flocs with all component particles in a three-dimensional space. By analyzing the formation approaches of different kind of flocs regardless of the floc breakage, the number of every kind of floc is analyzed to be related with the suspension concentration mathematically. After comparing the different items in the models describing the relationship of floc number and concentration, a series of simplified expressions are presented. Lastly, a mathematical equation relating the measurable suspension viscosity with the numbers of different flocs is obtained.

scholarly journals The relationship between diversity and productivity from a three-dimensional space view in a natural mesotrophic lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 107069
Author(s):  
Ai-Ping Wu ◽  
Shi-Yun Ye ◽  
Jin-Rui Yuan ◽  
Liang-Yu Qi ◽  
Zheng-Wu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mesotrophic Lake ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

scholarly journals Developable or Not Related to Information Loss

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
William Chen
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Euclidean Spaces ◽  
Developable Surfaces ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this paper we present a lemma and two theorems. These theoretical results will be used to test whether or not a given surface model can be developed. We then choose some examples to demonstrate how to perform these tests. All of these theories and examples are for general purposes, and are not restricted to any particular field. Although all examples are in three-dimensional space, it can be expanded to finite n-dimensional Euclidean spaces. The objective of this paper is to link the relationship between developable surfaces and information loss.

scholarly journals LiDAR-Based Bridge Displacement Estimation Using 3D Spatial Optimization

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7117
Author(s):  
Gichun Cha ◽  
Sung-Han Sim ◽  
Seunghee Park ◽  
Taekeun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Space Partitioning ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Displacement Estimation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

As civil engineering structures become larger, non-contact inspection technology is required to measure the overall shape and size of structures and evaluate safety. Structures are easily exposed to the external environment and may not be able to perform their original functions depending on the continuous load for a long time. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method for estimating the vertical displacement of structures using light detection and ranging, which enables non-contact measurement. The point cloud acquired through laser scanning was rearranged into a three-dimensional space, and internal nodes were created by continuously dividing the space. The generated node has its own location information, and the vertical displacement value was calculated by searching for the node where the deformation occurred. The performance of the proposed displacement estimation technique was verified through static loading experiments, and the octree space partitioning method is expected to be applied and utilized in structural health monitoring.

scholarly journals Constructive Geometric Models with Imaginary Objects

2020 ◽  
pp. short27-1-short27-9
Author(s):  
Denis Voloshinov ◽  
Alexandra Solovjeva
Keyword(s):  
Projective Geometry ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Planar Drawing ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The article is devoted to the consideration of a number of theoretical questions of projective geometry related to specifying and displaying imaginary objects, especially, conics. The lack of development of appropriate constructive schemes is a significant obstacle to the study of quadratic images in three-dimensional space and spaces of higher order. The relationship between the two circles, established by the inversion operation with respect to the other two circles, in particular, one of which is imaginary, allows obtain a simple and effective method for indirect setting of imaginary circles in a planar drawing. The application of the collinear transformation to circles with an imaginary radius also makes it possible to obtain unified algorithms for specifying and controlling imaginary conics along with usual real second-order curves. As a result, it allows eliminate exceptional situations that arise while solving problems with quadratic images in spaces of second and higher order.

scholarly journals Body Metamorphosis and Animality: Volatile Bodies and Boulder Artworks from Lepenski Vir

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Borić
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Migratory Fish ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Efficacy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
The Way

This article discusses the notion of body metamorphosis as a theory of phenomenal change by examining carved representational and ‘aniconic’ boulders from Lepenski Vir and other Meso-Neolithic sites in the Danube Gorges. The voluminous size of the boulders at Lepenski Vir, the way in which they occupy the three-dimensional space within buildings and around hearths, and the carvings over their surfaces suggest that they were understood as volatile bodies, undergoing continuous metamorphoses. The relationship between the seasonal recurrence of the Danube's migratory fish and these boulders is explored through the notion of animality. These boulders indicate prescribed stages of life-cycle metamorphosis that affected inextricably-linked realms of human and animal worlds. Prescribed stages of social embodiment at Lepenski Vir are discerned by looking at the archaeological context of representational boulders that sometimes directly commemorate particular deceased individuals. The possibility that boulder artworks acted as sacred heirlooms of particular buildings is connected to the social efficacy they might have acquired.

In Vivo Determination of the Direction of Rotation and Moment-Angle Relationship of Individual Elbow Muscles

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
J. Butler ◽  
T. Nishida ◽  
G. Nuber ◽  
H. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The direction of rotation (DOR) of individual elbow muscles, defined as the direction in which a muscle rotates the forearm relative to the upper arm in three-dimensional space, was studied in vivo as a function of elbow flexion and forearm rotation. Electrical stimulation was used to activate an individual muscle selectively, and the resultant flexion-extension, supination-pronation, and varus-valgus moments were used to determine the DOR. Furthermore, multi-axis moment-angle relationships of individual muscles were determined by stimulating the muscle at a constant submaximal level across different joint positions, which was assumed to result in a constant level of muscle activation. The muscles generate significant moments about axes other than flexion-extension, which is potentially important for actively controlling joint movement and maintaining stability about all axes. Both the muscle DOR and the multi axis moments vary with the joint position systematically. Variations of the DOR and moment-angle relationship across muscle twitches of different amplitudes in a subject were small, while there were considerable variations between subjects.

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Reconstructions of Intracranial Meningiomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Chalif ◽  
Craig R. Dufresne ◽  
Joseph Ransohoff ◽  
Joseph A. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Intracranial Meningiomas ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Surgical Adjunct ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In a series of four patients with intracranial meningiomas, three-dimensional computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions were a useful diagnostic and surgical adjunct. Three-dimensional images are created from standard CT data by a boundary-detecting computer software program. Three-dimensional images of tumor invading or adjacent to the bony calvarium are projected about the x, y, and z axes. Axial and sagittal sections delineate the lesions. The images created allow a surgical view of the meningiomas in three-dimensional space and demonstrate the relationship of these masses to the skull. The use of three-dimensional reconstructions in craniofacial surgery and in neurosurgery is reviewed.

Graphical representation of stereochemical configuration (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)

2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1897-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Brecher
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Stereochemical Configuration ◽  
Stereogenic Centers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stereogenic Center ◽  
The Relationship

Stereochemical configuration is determined by the relationship of atoms in three-dimensional space, yet remains most commonly represented in two-dimensional media such as printed publications or computer screens. Recommendations are provided for the display of three-dimensional stereochemical information in two-dimensional diagrams in ways that avoid ambiguity and are likely to be understood correctly by all viewers. Examples are provided for all types of stereochemical configuration, with explanation of which styles are preferred and which should be avoided. Principal recommendations include:Know your audience: Diagrams that have a wide audience should be drawn as simply as possible.Avoid ambiguous drawing styles.Avoid the use of perspective diagrams and class-specific drawing styles (Fischer projections, Haworth projections, etc.) when structures are to be interpreted by computers.Use solid wedges to indicate bonds that project above the plane of the paper and hashed wedges to indicate bonds that project below the plane of the paper; in both cases, the bonds must be oriented with the narrow end at the stereogenic center.Avoid connecting stereogenic centers with a stereobond.

scholarly journals Spatial Straight-Line Drawing Algorithm Based on Method of Discriminate Regions—A Control Algorithm of Motors

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5002
Author(s):  
Jianping Wang ◽  
Shiguang Xiao ◽  
Tao Song ◽  
Junqi Yue ◽  
Pingyan Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

A novelty algorithm of spatial straight-line drawing based on a method of discriminate regions is proposed in this paper based on Bresenham’s algorithm. Three-dimensional space is divided into innumerable three-dimensional meshes according to the given rule; the distance between the start and the end points of the three coordinates is Δx, Δy, and Δz, respectively; the distribution types of spatial straight line and the position of the end point are determined by judging the relationship among Δx, Δy, and Δz; then, the active-passive directions can be determined. The plane of the ending point of the straight line in a three-dimensional mesh is divided into four regions; then, the discriminant is obtained; and this discriminant determine which region the point is located in The algorithm is verified and analyzed by the method of contrastive analysis; the results show that: the error of the algorithm is related to the step length L; the maximum theoretical error is 0.7071*L. The discriminants are all integers, so the problem of deviation from the theoretical straight line caused by the retention of decimals of significant digits can be avoided. Finally, the algorithm is applied to the cooperative control of multiple motors, and conversion between unit grid number and pulse number of motors is performed.

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