Size and Composition of Ambient Particulates in the Yueguangshan-Tunnel, Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2074-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Fang Lu ◽  
Mei Chuan Huang ◽  
Kuang Hung Cheng ◽  
Jim Jui Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Mass Size

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particulates inside a tunnel. Inside the tunnel, the average concentration of PM2.5and PM2.5-10was 479 and 444 μg/m3respectively. The average mass-size distribution showed a trimodal distribution (25-30, 4.0-5.0, and 2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM>10were 25%, 40%, and 35% of the total suspended particulates. Because of the poor air ventilation inside the tunnel, the particulates accumulate inside the tunnel. The dominated species of PM2.5were EC (average concentration 122.91 μg/m3, 25.78%), OC (47.68 μg/m3, 10.53%), SO42-(37.42 μg/m3, 8.24%), and NO3-(35.01 μg/m3, 7.95%), and were EC ( 131.77 μg/m3, 29.87%), OC (53.74 μg/m3, 12.15%), SO42-(31.35 μg/m3, 7.11%), and NO3-(28.10 μg/m3, 6.42%) for PM2.5-10. Results from this study showed that the concentrations of coarse particulate matter and several metals are apparently dominated by re-suspended matter rather than emissions from vehicles, e.g., Al, Ca, and Fe. Therefore, ambient particulate matter is caused by not only vehicle exhaust emission but also dusty roads and traffic-generated dust.

scholarly journals Size-Segregated Atmospheric Humic-Like Substances (HULIS) in Shanghai: Abundance, Seasonal Variation, and Source Identification

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Tianming Sun ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Ya Meng ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Hanyun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Condensation Mode ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon

Humic-like substances (HULIS) are of great interest due to their optical and chemical characteristics. In this study, a total of 180 samples of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of different sizes were collected from summer 2018 to spring 2019, in order to analyze the size distribution, to investigate the seasonal variation and then to identify the key sources of HULIS. The annual mean concentration of HULIS in the total suspended particulates reached 5.12 ± 1.42 μg/m3. The HULIS concentration was extremely higher in winter (8.35 ± 2.06 μg/m3) than in autumn (4.88 ± 0.95 μg/m3), in summer (3.62 ± 1.68 μg/m3) and in spring (3.36 ± 0.99 μg/m3). The average annual ratio of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) to OC and the ratio of HULIS to WSOC reached 0.546 ± 0.092 and 0.56 ± 0.06, respectively. Throughout the whole year, the size distributions of WSOC and HULIS-C were relatively smooth. The peaks of WSOC appeared at 1.8~3.2 μm and 0.56~1.0 μm, while the peaks of HULIS-C were located at 3.2~5.6 μm, 1.0~1.8 μm and 0.18~0.32 μm. The distribution of the HULIS particle mode was similar in spring, summer and autumn, while there was a lower proportion of the coarse mode and a higher proportion of the condensation mode in winter. By using the comprehensive analysis of principal component analysis (PCA), air mass backward trajectories (AMBTs) and fire point maps, key sources of WSOC and HULIS in Shanghai were identified as biomass combustion (48.42%), coal combustion (17.49%), secondary formation (16.07%) and vehicle exhaust (5.37%). The remaining part might be contributed by crustal dust sources, marine sources and/or other possible sources. This study provides new insight into the characteristics and size distribution of HULIS in Shanghai, thereby providing a practical base for further modeling.

scholarly journals Roller dynamometer particle immission* measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Atzler ◽  
Alfred Wiedensohler ◽  
Tilo Roß ◽  
Kay Weinhold ◽  
Maximilian Dobberkau
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Link Type

AbstractUrban traffic is a significant contributor of particulate matter to the environment (Kessinger et al. in https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/5750/publikationen/hgp_luftqualitaet_2020_bf.pdf, 2021). Hence, there is a high interest in the measured data of roadside immission measurement station. In the federal state Saxony (Germany), the State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG) is responsible for supervision of the air pollution. In a joint project, the LfULG, the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) and the Chair of Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems of the Technical University of Dresden (Lehrstuhl für Verbrennungsmotoren und Antriebssysteme, LVAS) measured the particulate immission* from a selection of passenger cars in an “environment simulation” Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020). Especially direct injection spark ignition engines, DISI, without particle filter have a high particulate matter emission, depending on the operating condition. However, an increase of the particulate matter immission due to the rising market penetration of DISI engines was not measurable at the immission measurement stations of LfULG. To investigate the effect of vehicle exhaust emission and immission, an experiment was developed to measure particulate matter immission similar to road conditions on a chassis dynamometer. Five used cars with different engines, exhaust after treatment systems and mileage were evaluated regarding their emissions and particulate immissions. Unexpectedly, a high amount of ultrafine particulate matter smaller 100 nm was found during the emission measurements, although the exhaust emissions were completely extracted to the CVS measurement system. It was concluded that these particles were assignable to break and tire wear. This paper summarizes the most important findings, the complete report is available in Weinhold et al. (https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/36768q, 2020).

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols in Wuhan, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393
Author(s):  
Qianjun Mao ◽  
Fangyuan Cheng ◽  
Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate

Air pollution has a significant impact on the use of solar energy. On the one hand, the polluted environment directly reduces the intensity of solar radiation, on the other hand, pollution of the environment will also reduce the life of the equipment. Therefore, mastering the dynamic characteristics of the atmospheric environment has certain guiding significance for the efficient utilization of solar energy. In this study, the concentrations of particulate matter, CO, SO2 and NO2 from Tianyun big data website are analyzed to obtain the general characteristics of particulate pollution in Wuhan. At the same time, a long-period sampling atmospheric particulate matter sampler in the Huangjiahu area of Wuhan has been used, and experimental analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of the samples has been obtained. The results show that both PM2.5 and PM10 show obvious seasonal changes, and the concentration of the four anions during the sampling period is SO42− > NO3− > Cl− > F−. During the sampling period, atmospheric particulate matter is mainly composed of organic matter, inorganic anions and oxides of more than 20 elements. The results of the enrichment factor analysis show that elements such as Br, Pb, Sb and Zn are the main enriched elements during the sampling period. The enrichment factors of these elements are 246.43 ± 168.81, 133.28 ± 115.03, 403.305 ± 396.18 and 90.67 ± 67.01, respectively. The high enrichment of these elements also reflects the contribution of motor vehicle exhaust emission during the sampling period. Traffic source is the main emission source in the Huangjiahu area of Wuhan. This research has a certain guiding significance for many industries such as energy utilization, environmental monitoring, health care, transportation and so on.

scholarly journals Chemical Compositions and Source Analysis of PM2.5 during Autumn and Winter in a Heavily Polluted City in China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Shasha Tian ◽  
Yingying Liu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Lujian Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Carbonaceous Species ◽  
Soluble Ions ◽  
Water Soluble Ions ◽  
Heavy Pollution

As one of the biggest cities in North China, Jinan has been suffering heavy air pollution in recent decades. To better characterize the ambient particulate matter in Jinan during heavy pollution periods, we collected daily PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters equal to or less than 2.5 μm) filter samples from 15 October 2017 to 31 January 2018 and analyzed their chemical compositions (including inorganic water-soluble ions (WSIs), carbonaceous species, and inorganic elements). The daily average concentration of PM2.5 was 83.5 μg/m3 during the sampling period. A meteorological analysis revealed that both low wind speed and high relative humidity facilitated the occurrence of high PM2.5 pollution episodes. A chemical analysis indicated that high concentrations of water-soluble ions, carbonaceous species, and elements were observed during heavy pollution days. The major constituents of PM2.5 in Jinan were secondary aerosol particles and organic matter based on the results of mass closure. Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) was used to track possible sources and identified that nitrate, sulfate, vehicle exhaust and coal fly ash were the main contributors to PM2.5 during heavy pollution days in Jinan, accounting for 25.4%, 18.6%, 18.2%, and 13.3%, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement report: Characterization and source apportionment of coarse particulate matter in Hong Kong: Insights into the constituents of unidentified mass and source origins in a coastal city in southern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Ka Wong ◽  
Kin Man Liu ◽  
Claisen Yeung ◽  
Kenneth K. M. Leung ◽  
Jian Zhen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Coarse Particulate Matter

Abstract. Coarse particulate matter (i.e., PM with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 micrometers or PMcoarse) has been increasingly recognized of its importance in PM10 regulation because of its growing proportion in PM10 and the accumulative evidence for its adverse health impact. In this work, we present comprehensive PMcoarse speciation results obtained through a one-year long (January 2020–February 2021) joint PM10 and PM2.5 chemical speciation study in Hong Kong, a coastal and highly urbanized city in southern China. The annual average concentration of PMcoarse is 14.9 ± 8.6 μg m–3 (±standard deviation), accounting for 45 % of PM10 (32.9 ± 18.5 μg m–3). The measured chemical components explain ~75 % of the PMcoarse mass. The unexplained part is contributed by unmeasured geological components and residue liquid water content, supported by analyses by positive matrix factorization (PMF) and the thermodynamic equilibrium model ISORROPIA II. The PMcoarse mass is apportioned to four sources resolved by PMF, namely soil dust, copper-rich dust, fresh sea salt, and an aged sea salt factor containing secondary inorganic aerosols (mostly nitrate). Back-trajectory cluster analysis reveals significant variations in source contributions with the air mass origin. Under the influence of marine air mass, PMcoarse is the lowest (average = 8.0 μg m–3) and sea salt is the largest contributor (47 %), followed by the two dust factors (38 % in total). When the site receives air mass from the northern continental region, PMcoarse increased substantially to 21.2 μg m–3, with the two dust factors contributing 90 % of the aerosol mass. The potential dust source areas are mapped using the Concentration-Weighted Trajectory technique, showing either the Greater Bay Area or the greater part of southern China as the origin of fugitive dust emissions leading to elevated ambient PMcoarse loadings in Hong Kong. This study, first of this kind in our region, provides highly relevant guidance to other locations with similar monitoring needs. Additionally, the study findings point to the needs for further research on the sources, transport, aerosol processes, and health effects of PMcoarse.

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