Characterization of Physical and Chemical Evaluation on Six Apple Varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1954-1959
Author(s):  
Li Yan Gong ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jin Feng Bi ◽  
Sha Sha Bai ◽  
Xian Jun Meng
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical characterization of 6 apple varieties (Early Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Hanfu, Ralls, Rainier and Fuji) from China was performed using pattern recognition tools. Measurements were taken on 12 parameters including weigh, colour, fruit firmness, crude fiber, total soluble solids, titration acid, water, Vitamin C, edible rate and juice yield .The results showed that physical and chemical properties existed different variance in apple varieties. The coefficient of variance of 12 properties was from 2.15% to 69.04%. The different apple varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA revealed that the first four components represented 95.13% of the total variability in properties and different apple groups. HCA classified samples into three groups on the basis of the physical and chemical properties.

Physical and Chemical Compositional Characterization of Six Apple Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Xian Jun Meng ◽  
Li Yan Gong ◽  
Guo Hui Huang ◽  
Nai Qiao Liu ◽  
Jin Feng Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Compositional Characterization ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Physical and chemical properties of 6 apple varieties were measured to gain the variations. The qualities of apples are important for the consumer. These quality attributes can be described by colour, texture and physical attributes such as size and shape. Individual sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C were quantified in six apple cultivars with same soil, climatic conditions and altitudes. The results showed physical and chemical characterization existed different variance in apple varieties, the variance ranged from 6.1% to 109.05%. Fructose was the most dominant sugar in the different apple cultivars, followed by glucose and sucrose, while malic acid was the principal organic acid.

scholarly journals Geotechnical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Low Lime Fly Ashes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Ali Baig Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In order to explore the possibility of using low-lime fly ashes, the physical and chemical properties which have a direct bearing on their geotechnical and geoenvironmental behaviors have been investigated. In this paper, two types of low-lime fly ashes, originating from India, have been used. A brief account of various methods adopted in characterizing their physical, chemical, and geotechnical properties is presented. The relative importance of each of these properties in enhancing the bulk applicability of fly ashes has been brought out.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA ELETRÔNICA DA FASE MONOCLINICA DO ÓXIDO DE NIÓBIO COM BASE NO USO DE DIFERENTES FUNCIONAIS DE DENSIDADE

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Ody ◽  
João Jesus ◽  
Carlos Cava ◽  
Anderson Albuquerque ◽  
Ary Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Density Functionals ◽  
Monoclinic Structure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Periodic Models ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ASSESSMENT OF THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCLINIC PHASE OF NIOBIUM OXIDE BASED ON THE USE OF DIFFERENT DENSITY FUNCTIONALS. Niobium oxides, Nb2O5, are considered semiconductor materials with very attractive physical and chemical properties for applications in many areas, such as catalysis, sensors, medical, aerospace, etc. Especially, the characterization of Nb2O5-based nanostructures with monoclinic structure has received much attention in recent years. However, despite the great importance of this system, some of its fundamentals properties are still not fully understood. Hence, this work aims to apply the theoretical methodologies through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in periodic models based on the use of different density functionals (like B1WC, B3PW, B3LYP, PBE0, PBESOL0, SOGGAXC, and WC1LYP) to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the monoclinic structure of Nb2O5. The band structures, energy bandgap, density of state, and vibrational properties, as well as order-disorder effects on the monoclinic structure of Nb2O5 are investigated in this study. Our theoretical results show a better agreement with experimental data for the B3LYP functional and hence lead to new perspectives on the deeper physicochemical understanding of the monoclinic Nb2O5. From these computational tools, it is possible to unravel the relations between structure and properties, which may contribute to the future development of new devices and applications based on these materials.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in the southern Amazonas region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Barros Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos ◽  
José Mauricio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Amazon region has a great diversity of landscapes such as forests galleries, natural fields (“Cerrados Amazônicos”), dense forest, these environments made possible the formation of a broad class of soils over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in southern Amazonas, Brazil. Three areas of representative physiographies were selected, all of them in natural conditions: natural field / forest and floodplain / dry land transitions, and corrugated relief areas. Soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.80-1.0 m. From the samples collected the following physical analyzes were performed: particle size, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity; and chemical: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, aluminum and potassium available, phosphorus, potential acidity, pH and organic carbon. Based on the results of chemical analysis were calculated the sum of bases and base saturation. The results were submitted to multivariate statistics analysis, at the discretion of the principal component analysis (PCA). From the results it is clear that different physiographic environments studied influence the formation of different soil classes, featuring the diversity of Amazonian soils. The PCA allowed the distinction and formation of different similarity groups, thus enabling to relate the physical and chemical properties with the physiographic formation in which they are inserted.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in the Sahelian Region: Case Study in Nioro du Rip, Senegal

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Landing Biaye ◽  
Fary Diome ◽  
Seybatou Diop ◽  
Modou Mbaye ◽  
Djibril Tine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The locality of Nioro du Rip is facing intense erosion, loss of agricultural land, soil pollution and soil degradation. Today, there is limited information about the soil physical and chemical properties in the locality. In this work, we describe the main essential factors or mechanism that control the evolution of the soil in the study area. The physical and chemical properties of soils encountered along a NE-SW transect in are analyzed in this paper. The statistical analysis results revealed low structural stability of soils in general, due to their low organic matter content and exchangeable bases and their predominantly silty texture. A net trend towards acidification, which is more pronounced in the lower-bottom and terrace soils, provides information on the conditions that are increasingly unfavorable to agricultural development. The multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) identified the preponderance of two factors among the four primarily involved in soil geochemical composition. These include a mineralization process (expressed through the first principal component (PC1), which causes soils to be rich in elements (Ca2+, K+,C, N, MO) controlling their structure and fertility level;  The PC2 axis expresses the spatial differentiation phenomenon of the soil granulometric composition: soils forming cluster poles according to their textural affinity in the projection of the plane formed by these two components , with on one side the sandy-dominated soils of the shallows and terraces and on the other the clay-dominated soils of the plateau and the slope. A clear reversal of textural polarity in the studied topo sequence that must be blamed on the strong water erosion in this area.

scholarly journals Characterization of gelatins from Nile tilapia skins preserved by freezing and salting

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 2581
Author(s):  
Adriana Cristina Bordignon ◽  
Maria Luiza Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
Edson Minoru Yajima ◽  
Jesuí Vergílio Visentainer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

After Nile tilapia skin was preserved using the methods of freezing and dry salting, characteristics of skin gelatin were evaluated with regard to yield, rheological features and physical and chemical properties. Preservation was performed after filleting, at which time skins were either frozen (-18°C) for 7 days or salted (25°C) for 7 days. Although no differences (p > 0.05) were observed with respect to humidity, protein, lipid, ash and calcium levels, gelatin from salted skins had a higher concentration of iron relative to frozen skins. Further, twenty-three fatty acids were detected in salted skins compared with merely three found in skin derived gelatin. Of amino acids found, glycine, alanine, proline and arginine were the most abundant. Hydroxyproline abundance in salted and frozen skin gelatin were 8.76% and 8.71%, respectively. In addition, salted skin gelatins had a greater accumulation of saturated fatty acids and lower rates of monounsaturated fatty acids. Salted skin gelatin had the highest yield (18g × 100g-1), gel strength (200 g) and viscosity (19.02mPas) when compared to the yield (17g × 100g-1), gel strength (12.7g) and viscosity (9.16 mPas) of frozen skins. Results show that gelatin from dry salted skin had the best yield and also had relatively better rheological properties, more iron, and better coloration relative to gelatin obtained from frozen skins of Nile tilapia.

Physical and chemical properties of the Goryczkowe and Bystrej Górne vaucluse springs in the Tatra Mountains

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-968
Author(s):  
M. Gromadzka ◽  
A. Wolanin ◽  
M. Żelazny ◽  
Ł. Pęksa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Tatra Mountains ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Tatra National Park ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper describes research on two of the largest karst springs in Poland's Tatra Mountains – Goryczkowe and Bystrej Górne – both located in the Tatra National Park. The aim of the study was to determine the potential contributing area for the Bystrej Gorne Spring. Research has shown that seasonal changes in the physical and chemical properties of water in both springs followed a similar pattern; however, observed differences were not statistically significant. Additionally, research has shown that the potential contributing area is different than that previously identified by other researchers. The chemical composition of water obtained from each spring was dominated by Ca2+ and HCO−3, and included small amounts of the biogenic NO−3 ion. The highest values of the measured physical and chemical parameters were noted in winter, while the lowest values were noted in spring and summer. Principal component analysis was used to assess the physical and chemical parameters of water obtained from both studied springs. Water dilution and catchment biological activity were identified as two key processes affecting physical and chemical properties of karst spring water. Several differences were identified between the springs – water temperature, pH, mineralization, as well as the concentration of Mg2+, HCO−3, and SO24.

Extraction and characterization of the blue-sensitive visual pigment of the toad Bufo marinus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sillman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Toad Bufo ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The blue-sensitive visual pigment of the green rods of Bufo marinus was extracted with digitonin. The pigment is present in an amount equal to about 11% that of rhodopsin. It is based on vitamin A1 and exhibits a maximum absorbance of 433 nm. The pigment is labile and readily destroyed by hydroxylamine, regenerates to a much greater degree than does rhodopsin, and is more effectively extracted from the membrane than is rhodopsin. The green rod pigment of Bufo marinus appears to share the same physical and chemical properties as the green rod pigments of other amphibians. Therefore, the results of electrophysiological studies on the green rods of Bufo marinus can be more confidently generalized to other species. The results are discussed in terms of the blue phototaxis that is characteristic of many amphibians.

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